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[PMID]: 23638126 [Au] Autor: Ndziessi G; Cohen J; Kouanfack C; Marcellin F; Carierri MP; Laborde-Balen G; Protopopescu C; Aghokeng AF; Moatti JP; Spire B; Delaporte E; Laurent C; Boyer S; Biwolé-Sida M; Kouanfack C; Koulla-Shiro S; Bourgeois A; Delaporte E; Laurent C; Peeters M; Laborde-Balen G; Dontsop M; Kazé S; Mben JM; Aghokeng A; Edoul MG; Mpoudi-Ngolé E; Tongo M; Boyer S; Carrieri MP; Marcellin F; Moatti JP; Spire B; Abé C; Abega SC; Bonono CR; Mimcheu H; Ngo Yebga S; Paul Bile C; Abada S; Abanda T; Baga J; Bilobi Fouda P; Etong Mve P; Fetse Tama G; Kemo H; Ongodo A; Tadewa V; Voundi H; Ambani A; Atangana M; Biaback JC; Kennedy M; Kibedou H; Kounga F; Maguip Abanda M; Mamang E; Mikone A; Tang S; Tchuangue E; Tchuenko S; Yakan D; Assandje J; Ebana S; Ebo'o D; Etoundi D; Ngama G; Mbarga Ango P; Mbezele J; Mbong G; Moung C; Ekotto N; Nguemba Balla G; Ottou G; Tigougmo M; Beyala R; Ebene B; Effemba C; Eyebe F; Hadjaratou MM; Mbarga T; Metou M; Ndam M; Ngoa B; Ngock E; Obam N; Abomo AM; Angoula G; Ekassi E; Essama; Lentchou JJ; Mvilongo I; Ngapou J; Ntokombo F; Ondoua V; Palawo R; Sebe S; Sinou E; Wankam D; Zobo I; Stratall ANRS 12110 / ESTHER Study Group [Ad] Dirección: INSERM, UMR912 (SESSTIM), Marseille, France ; Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S912, IRD, Marseille, France ; ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France. [Ti] Título: Susceptibility to Transmitting HIV in Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural District Hospitals in Cameroon (Stratall ANRS 12110/ESTHER Trial). [So] Fuente: PLoS One;8(4):e62611, 2013. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicación: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumen: OBJECTIVES: Using cohort data nested in a randomized trial conducted in Cameroon, this study aimed to investigate time trends and predictors of the susceptibility to transmitting HIV during the first 24 months of treatment. METHODS: The outcome, susceptibility to transmitting HIV, was defined as reporting inconsistent condom use and experiencing incomplete virological suppression. Mixed logistic regressions were performed to identify predictors of this outcome among 250 patients reporting to have had sexual relationships either with HIV-negative or unknown HIV status partner(s). RESULTS: Despite an initial decrease from 76% at M0 to 50% at M6, the rate of inconsistent condom use significantly increased from M12 (59%) to M24 (66%) (p = 0.017). However, the proportion of patients susceptible to transmitting HIV significantly decreased over follow-up from 76% at M0, to 50% at M6, 31% at M12 and 27% at M24 (p<0.001). After controlling for age, gender and intervention group, we found that perceiving healthcare staff's readiness to listen as poor (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) [95% Confidence Interval (CI)] = 1.87 [1.01-3.46]), reporting to have sexual relationships more than once per week (AOR [95%CI] = 2.52 [1.29-4.93]), having more than one sexual partner (AOR [95%CI] = 2.53 [1.21-5.30]) and desiring a/another child (AOR [95%CI] = 2.07 [1.10-3.87]) were all associated with a higher risk of being susceptible to transmitting HIV. Conversely, time since ART initiation (AOR [95%CI] = 0.66 [0.53-0.83] for an extra 6 months and ART adherence (AOR [95%CI] = 0.33 [0.15-0.72]) were significantly associated with a lower risk of being susceptible to transmitting HIV. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease observed in the susceptibility to transmitting HIV suggests that fear of behavioural disinhibition should not be a barrier to universal access to ART. However, developing adequate preventive interventions matching patients' expectations -like the desire to have children- and strengthening healthcare staff's counselling skills are urgently needed to maximize the impact of ART in slowing the HIV epidemic. [Pt] Tipo de publicación: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mes de ingreso: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [St] Status: In-Data-Review [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062611

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[PMID]: 23453579 [Au] Autor: Liu R; Tan J; Lin Y; Jia R; Yang W; Liang C; Geng Y; Qiao W [Ad] Dirección: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics (Tianjin), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. [Ti] Título: HIV-1 Vpr activates both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathway by enhancing the phosphorylation of IKKα/ß. [So] Fuente: Virology;439(1):47-56, 2013 Apr 25. [Is] ISSN: 1096-0341 [Cp] País de publicación: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumen: The human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) Vpr plays an essential role in viral replication. A number of studies have reported that Vpr modulates the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Yet, the reported effects of Vpr on NF-κB signaling are controversial. In this study, we investigate the interplay between Vpr and NF-κB pathway. We discover that HIV-1 infection elevates the phosphorylation of IκBα and p100, and that this increase is greatly reduced when a Vpr-negative HIV-1 is used for infection. Our data further show that Vpr regulates the activity of IKKα/ß through interactions. In addition, Vpr modulates the phosphorylation of p65 and p100, suggesting that Vpr activates both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathway. Knock down of endogenous IKKα/ß result in a decrease in Vpr-mediated NF-κB and HIV-1 LTR activation. Given that Vpr is present in HIV-1 particles, our data suggest that Vpr activates the NF-κB pathway immediately after HIV-1 entry. [Mh] Términos MeSH primario: VIH-1/fisiología Quinasa I-kappa B/metabolismo FN-kappa B/metabolismo Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional Replicación Viral Productos del Gen vpr del Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana/metabolismo [Mh] Términos MeSH secundario: Línea Celular VIH-1/inmunología Humanos Quinasa I-kappa B/inmunología FN-kappa B/inmunología Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo Fosforilación Mapeo de Interacción de Proteínas Transducción de Señal Productos del Gen vpr del Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana/inmunología [Pt] Tipo de publicación: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nombre de substancia: 0 (NF-kappa B); 0 (Nuclear Proteins); 0 (SND1 protein, human); 0 (vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus); 0 (vpr protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1); EC 2.7.11.10 (I-kappa B Kinase) [Em] Mes de ingreso: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Fecha de ingreso para procesamiento: 130318 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 23288422 [Au] Autor: McLinden JH; Stapleton JT; Klinzman D; Murthy KK; Chang Q; Kaufman TM; Bhattarai N; Xiang J [Ad] Dirección: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. [Ti] Título: Chimpanzee GB virus C and GB virus A E2 envelope glycoproteins contain a peptide motif that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in human CD4â�º T-cells. [So] Fuente: J Gen Virol;94(Pt 4):774-82, 2013 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1465-2099 [Cp] País de publicación: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumen: GB virus type C (GBV-C) is a lymphotropic virus that can cause persistent infection in humans. GBV-C is not associated with any disease, but is associated with reduced mortality in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. Related viruses have been isolated from chimpanzees (GBV-Ccpz) and from New World primates (GB virus type A, GBV-A). These viruses are also capable of establishing persistent infection. We determined the nucleotide sequence encoding the envelope glycoprotein (E2) of two GBV-Ccpz isolates obtained from the sera of captive chimpanzees. The deduced GBV-Ccpz E2 protein differed from human GBV-C by 31 % at the amino acid level. Similar to human GBV-C E2, expression of GBV-Ccpz E2 in a tet-off human CD4(+) Jurkat T-cell line significantly inhibited the replication of diverse HIV-1 isolates. This anti-HIV-replication effect of GBV-Ccpz E2 protein was reversed by maintaining cells in doxycycline to reduce E2 expression. Previously, we found a 17 aa region within human GBV-C E2 that was sufficient to inhibit HIV-1. Although GBV-Ccpz E2 differed by 3 aa differences in this region, the chimpanzee GBV-C 17mer E2 peptide inhibited HIV-1 replication. Similarly, the GBV-A peptide that aligns with this GBV-C E2 region inhibited HIV-1 replication despite sharing only 5 aa with the human GBV-C E2 sequence. Thus, despite amino acid differences, the peptide region on both the GBV-Ccpz and the GBV-A E2 protein inhibit HIV-1 replication similar to human GBV-C. Consequently, GBV-Ccpz or GBV-A infection of non-human primates may provide an animal model to study GB virus-HIV interactions. [Mh] Términos MeSH primario: Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/virología Virus GB-A/fisiología Virus GB-C/fisiología VIH-1/fisiología Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/metabolismo Interferencia Viral Replicación Viral [Mh] Términos MeSH secundario: Animales Virus GB-A/aislamiento & purificación Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación Humanos Células Jurkat Datos de Secuencia Molecular Pan troglodytes Análisis de Secuencia de ADN Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicación: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S. [Nm] Nombre de substancia: 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins) [Em] Mes de ingreso: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Fecha de ingreso para procesamiento: 130318 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.047126-0

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[PMID]: 23239567 [Au] Autor: Pomier C; Rabaaoui S; Pouliquen JF; Couppié P; El Guedj M; Nacher M; Lacoste V; Wattel E; Kazanji M; Mortreux F [Ad] Dirección: Université de Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5239, Oncovirology and Biotherapies, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. [Ti] Título: Antiretroviral therapy promotes an inflammatory-like pattern of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) replication in human immunodeficiency virus type 1/HTLV-1 co-infected individuals. [So] Fuente: J Gen Virol;94(Pt 4):753-7, 2013 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1465-2099 [Cp] País de publicación: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumen: Upon antiretroviral therapy (ART) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) co-infected individuals frequently develop neurological disorders through hitherto unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that effective anti-HIV ART increases HTLV-1 proviral load through a polyclonal integration pattern of HTLV-1 in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets that is reminiscent of that typically associated with HTLV-1-related inflammatory conditions. These data indicate that preventing ART-triggered clonal expansion of HTLV-1-infected cells in co-infected individuals deserves investigation. [Mh] Términos MeSH primario: Antirretrovirales/administración & dosificación Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa/métodos Infecciones por VIH/quimioterapia Infecciones por HTLV-I/virología Virus 1 Linfotrópico T Humano/efectos de drogas Virus 1 Linfotrópico T Humano/patogenicidad Replicación Viral [Mh] Términos MeSH secundario: Antirretrovirales/efectos adversos Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa/efectos adversos Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/virología Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/virología Coinfección/quimioterapia Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones Virus 1 Linfotrópico T Humano/aislamiento & purificación Humanos Provirus/efectos de drogas Provirus/aislamiento & purificación Carga Viral Integración Viral/efectos de drogas [Pt] Tipo de publicación: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nombre de substancia: 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents) [Em] Mes de ingreso: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Fecha de ingreso para procesamiento: 130318 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.048348-0

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[PMID]: 23223624 [Au] Autor: De Candia C; Espada C; Duette G; Salomón H; Carobene M [Ad] Dirección: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 Piso11, C1121AGB Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Ti] Título: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 BF intersubtype recombinant viral protein U second alpha helix plays an important role in viral release and BST-2 degradation. [So] Fuente: J Gen Virol;94(Pt 4):758-66, 2013 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1465-2099 [Cp] País de publicación: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumen: We previously reported a naturally occurring BF intersubtype recombinant viral protein U (Vpu) variant with an augmented capacity to enhance viral replication. Structural analysis of this variant revealed that its transmembrane domain and α-helix I in the cytoplasmic domain (CTD) corresponded to subtype B, whereas the α-helix II in the CTD corresponded to subtype F1. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of the Vpu cytoplasmic α-helix II domain in viral release enhancement and in the down-modulation of BST-2 and CD4 from the cell surface. In addition, as serine residues in Vpu amino acid positions 61 or 64 have been shown to regulate Vpu intracellular half-life, which in turn could influence the magnitude of viral release, we also studied the impact of these residues on the VpuBF functions, since S61 and S64 are infrequently found among BF recombinant Vpu variants. Our results showed that the exchange of Vpu α-helix II between subtypes (B→F) directly correlated with the enhancement of viral release and, to a lesser extent, with changes in the capacity of the resulting chimera to down-modulate BST-2 and CD4. No differences in viral release and BST-2 down-modulation were observed between VpuBF and VpuBF-E61S. On the other hand, VpuBF-A64S showed a slightly reduced capacity to enhance viral production, but was modestly more efficient than VpuBF in down-modulating BST-2. In summary, our observations clearly indicate that α-helix II is actively involved in Vpu viral-release-promoting activity and that intersubtype recombination between subtypes B and F1 created a protein variant with a higher potential to boost the spread of the recombinant strain that harbours it. [Mh] Términos MeSH primario: Antígenos CD/metabolismo VIH-1/patogenicidad Proteínas del Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana/metabolismo Proteínas Reguladoras y Accesorias Virales/metabolismo Factores de Virulencia/metabolismo Liberación del Virus [Mh] Términos MeSH secundario: Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/antagonistas & inhibidores Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/metabolismo Genotipo VIH-1/clasificación VIH-1/genética Proteínas del Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana/genética Humanos Proteolisis Recombinación Genética Proteínas Reguladoras y Accesorias Virales/genética Factores de Virulencia/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicación: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nombre de substancia: 0 (Antigens, CD); 0 (BST2 protein, human); 0 (GPI-Linked Proteins); 0 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins); 0 (Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins); 0 (Virulence Factors); 0 (vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1) [Em] Mes de ingreso: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Fecha de ingreso para procesamiento: 130318 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.047746-0

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[PMID]: 23223619 [Au] Autor: Borggren M; Navér L; Casper C; Ehrnst A; Jansson M [Ad] Dirección: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. [Ti] Título: R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with efficient DC-SIGN use is not selected for early after birth in vertically infected children. [So] Fuente: J Gen Virol;94(Pt 4):767-73, 2013 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1465-2099 [Cp] País de publicación: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumen: The binding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to C-type lectin receptors may result in either enhanced trans-infection of T-cells or virus degradation. We have investigated the efficacy of HIV-1 utilization of DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin receptor, in the setting of intrauterine or intrapartum mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Viruses isolated from HIV-1-infected mothers at delivery and from their vertically infected children both shortly after birth and later during the progression of the disease were analysed for their use of DC-SIGN, binding and ability to trans-infect. DC-SIGN use of a child's earlier virus isolate tended to be reduced as compared with that of the corresponding maternal isolate. Furthermore, the children's later isolate displayed enhanced DC-SIGN utilization compared with that of the corresponding earlier virus. These results were also supported in head-to-head competition assays and suggest that HIV-1 variants displaying efficient DC-SIGN use are not selected for during intrauterine or intrapartum MTCT. However, viruses with increased DC-SIGN use may evolve later in paediatric HIV-1 infections. [Mh] Términos MeSH primario: Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo Infecciones por VIH/transmisión Infecciones por VIH/virología VIH-1/patogenicidad Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo Acoplamiento Viral [Mh] Términos MeSH secundario: Niño Preescolar Análisis por Conglomerados Femenino Genotipo Humanos Lactante Recién Nacido Masculino Datos de Secuencia Molecular Embarazo ARN Viral/genética Análisis de Secuencia de ADN [Pt] Tipo de publicación: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nombre de substancia: 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules); 0 (DC-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin); 0 (Lectins, C-Type); 0 (RNA, Viral); 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface) [Em] Mes de ingreso: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Fecha de ingreso para procesamiento: 130318 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.043620-0

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[PMID]: 23399840 [Au] Autor: Takaku S; Nakagawa Y; Owaki A; Shimizu M; Takahashi M; Takahashi H [Ad] Dirección: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan. salsa@nms.ac.jp [Ti] Título: Induction of apoptosis-resistant and TGF-ß-insensitive murine CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for HIV-1 gp160. [So] Fuente: Cell Immunol;280(2):138-47, 2012 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2163 [Cp] País de publicación: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumen: Although TGF-ß and IL-6 would turn CD8(+) T cells to differentiate into non-cytotoxic state, these treated cells were converted to cytolytic phenotypes after re-exposure to their antigenic epitope in vitro. Here, using spleen cells from TCR transgenic mice expressing TCR뱧 genes of clone RT1 recognizing an epitope peptide (P18-I10: RGPGRAFVTI) of HIV-1 gp160, we generated CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) activated by re-exposure to P18-I10 after primarily cultured with TGF-ß and IL-6 in vitro to examine their effector function. The CTLs, having strong cytotoxic activity in vitro, were not only resistant to Fas-FasL mediated apoptosis, but also insensitive to the suppression of their cytotoxicity by re-exposure to TGF-ß in vitro. Moreover, adoptive transfer experiments indicated that the CTLs are capable of eliminating recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1 gp160 in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that TGF-ß and IL-6 may play pivotal roles in inducing apoptosis-resistant and TGF-ß-insensitive CTLs in vitro. [Mh] Términos MeSH primario: Apoptosis Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología Citotoxicidad Inmunológica Proteínas gp160 de Envoltorio del VIH/inmunología Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/farmacología [Mh] Términos MeSH secundario: Animales Antígenos CD95/fisiología Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/efectos de drogas Epítopos Interleucina-6/farmacología Activación de Linfocitos Ratones Ratones Consanguíneos BALB C Ratones Transgénicos [Pt] Tipo de publicación: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nombre de substancia: 0 (Antigens, CD95); 0 (Epitopes); 0 (HIV Envelope Protein gp160); 0 (Interleukin-6); 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta); 0 (gp160 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1) [Em] Mes de ingreso: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Fecha de ingreso para procesamiento: 130307 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 23275539 [Au] Autor: Phan AT; Do NQ [Ad] Dirección: School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. phantuan@ntu.edu.sg [Ti] Título: Engineering of interlocked DNA G-quadruplexes as a robust scaffold. [So] Fuente: Nucleic Acids Res;41(4):2683-8, 2013 Feb 1. [Is] ISSN: 1362-4962 [Cp] País de publicación: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumen: Interlock is a structural element in DNA G-quadruplexes that can be compared with the commonly used complementary binding of 'sticky ends' in DNA duplexes. G-quadruplex interlocking can be a basis for the assembly of higher-order structures. In this study, we formulated a rule to engineer (3 + 1) interlocked dimeric G-quadruplexes and established the folding topology of the designed DNA sequences by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These interlocked G-quadruplexes are very stable and can serve as compact robust scaffolds for various applications. Different structural elements can be engineered in these robust scaffolds. We demonstrated the anti-HIV inhibition activity of the newly designed DNA sequences. [Mh] Términos MeSH primario: ADN/química G-Cuádruplex [Mh] Términos MeSH secundario: ADN/farmacología Integrasa de VIH/metabolismo Inhibidores de Integrasa VIH/química Inhibidores de Integrasa VIH/farmacología Modelos Moleculares Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular [Pt] Tipo de publicación: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nombre de substancia: 0 (HIV Integrase Inhibitors); 0 (p31 integrase protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1); 9007-49-2 (DNA); EC 2.7.7.- (HIV Integrase) [Em] Mes de ingreso: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Fecha de ingreso para procesamiento: 130220 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1304

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[PMID]: 23275531 [Au] Autor: Aduri R; Briggs KT; Gorelick RJ; Marino JP [Ad] Dirección: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research of the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. [Ti] Título: Molecular determinants of HIV-1 NCp7 chaperone activity in maturation of the HIV-1 dimerization initiation site. [So] Fuente: Nucleic Acids Res;41(4):2565-80, 2013 Feb 1. [Is] ISSN: 1362-4962 [Cp] País de publicación: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumen: Human immunodeficiency virus genome dimerization is initiated through an RNA-RNA kissing interaction formed via the dimerization initiation site (DIS) loop sequence, which has been proposed to be converted to a more thermodynamically stable linkage by the viral p7 form of the nucleocapsid protein (NC). Here, we systematically probed the role of specific amino acids of NCp7 in its chaperone activity in the DIS conversion using 2-aminopurine (2-AP) fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Through comparative analysis of NCp7 mutants, the presence of positively charged residues in the N-terminus was found to be essential for both helix destabilization and strand transfer functions. It was also observed that the presence and type of the Zn finger is important for NCp7 chaperone activity, but not the order of the Zn fingers. Swapping single aromatic residues between Zn fingers had a significant effect on NCp7 activity; however, these mutants did not exhibit the same activity as mutants in which the order of the Zn fingers was changed, indicating a functional role for other flanking residues. RNA chaperone activity is further correlated with NCp7 structure and interaction with RNA through comparative analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of NCp7 variants, and complexes of these proteins with the DIS dimer. [Mh] Términos MeSH primario: VIH-1/genética ARN Viral/química Productos del Gen gag del Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana/química [Mh] Términos MeSH secundario: 2-Aminopurina/química Secuencia de Aminoácidos Dimerización Fluorescencia Datos de Secuencia Molecular Mutación Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular Unión Proteica ARN Viral/metabolismo Dedos de Zinc/genética Productos del Gen gag del Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana/genética Productos del Gen gag del Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicación: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S. [Nm] Nombre de substancia: 0 (NCP7 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1); 0 (RNA, Viral); 0 (gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus); 452-06-2 (2-Aminopurine) [Em] Mes de ingreso: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Fecha de ingreso para procesamiento: 130220 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1350

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[PMID]: 22407465 [Au] Autor: Williams AB; Amico KR; Bova C; Womack JA [Ad] Dirección: School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. awilliams@sonnet.ucla.edu [Ti] Título: A proposal for quality standards for measuring medication adherence in research. [So] Fuente: AIDS Behav;17(1):284-97, 2013 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1573-3254 [Cp] País de publicación: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumen: A decade after widespread recognition that adherence to medication regimens is key to antiretroviral effectiveness, considerable controversy remains regarding a "gold standard" for adherence measurement. Each adherence measurement approach has strengths and weaknesses and each rests on specific assumptions. The range of assumptions regarding adherence measurement and the diversity with which each approach is implemented strongly suggest that the evaluation of a particular measure outside of the context in which it was used (e.g. the study's operational protocol) may result in undeserved confidence or lack of confidence in study results. The purpose of this paper is to propose a set of best practices across commonly used measurement methods. Recommendations regarding what information should be included in published reports regarding how adherence was measured are provided to promote improvement in the quality of measurement of medication adherence in research. [Mh] Términos MeSH primario: Fármacos Anti-VIH/administración & dosificación Monitoreo de Drogas/normas Infecciones por VIH/quimioterapia Cumplimiento de la Medicación Proyectos de Investigación/normas [Mh] Términos MeSH secundario: Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/normas Monitoreo de Drogas/métodos Humanos Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto/normas Autoinforme/normas [Pt] Tipo de publicación: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Nombre de substancia: 0 (Anti-HIV Agents) [Em] Mes de ingreso: 1304 [Cu] Fecha actualización por clase: 130506 [Lr] Fecha última revisión: 130506 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Fecha de ingreso para procesamiento: 130118 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/s10461-012-0172-7

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