Database : MEDLINE Search on : Colonic and Diseases [Words] References found : 31472 [refine] Displaying: 1 .. 10   in format [Detailed]

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[PMID]: 23538025 [Au] Autor: Kannan N; Guruvayoorappan C [Ad] Address: Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [Ti] Title: Protective effect of Bauhinia tomentosa on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis by regulating antioxidant and inflammatory mediators. [So] Source: Int Immunopharmacol;16(1):57-66, 2013 May. [Is] ISSN: 1878-1705 [Cp] Country of publication: Netherlands [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis (UC), are life-long and recurrent disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. The present study is designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Bauhinia tomentosa during ulcerative colitis (UC). Three groups of animals (n=6) were treated with B. tomentosa (5, 10, 20mg/kgB.wt respectively) for 5 consecutive days before induction of UC. UC was induced by intracolonic injection of 3% acetic acid. The colonic mucosal injury was assessed by macroscopic scoring and histological examination. Furthermore, the mucosal content of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity confirms that B. tomentosa could significantly inhibit colitis in a dose dependent manner. The myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression studies and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay also supported that B. tomentosa could significantly inhibit experimental colitis. The effect was comparable to the standard drug sulfasalazine. Colonic mucosal injury parallels with the result of histological and biochemical evaluations. The extracts obtained from B. tomentosa possess active substances, which exert marked protective effects in acute experimental colitis, possibly by regulating the antioxidant and inflammatory mediators. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1305 [Js] Journal subset: IM [St] Status: In-Data-Review

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[PMID]: 23638007 [Au] Autor: Montbarbon M; Pichavant M; Langlois A; Erdual E; Maggiotto F; Neut C; Mallevaey T; Dharancy S; Dubuquoy L; Trottein F; Cortot A; Desreumaux P; Gosset P; Bertin B [Ad] Address: Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France ; Inserm U995, F-59045 Lille, France. [Ti] Title: Colonic Inflammation in Mice Is Improved by Cigarette Smoke through iNKT Cells Recruitment. [So] Source: PLoS One;8(4):e62208, 2013. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] Country of publication: United States [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Cigarette smoke (CS) protects against intestinal inflammation during ulcerative colitis. Immunoregulatory mechanisms sustaining this effect remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of CS on experimental colitis and to characterize the intestinal inflammatory response at the cellular and molecular levels. Using the InExpose® System, a smoking device accurately reproducing human smoking habit, we pre-exposed C57BL/6 mice for 2 weeks to CS, and then we induced colitis by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). This system allowed us to demonstrate that CS exposure improved colonic inflammation (significant decrease in clinical score, body weight loss and weight/length colonic ratio). This improvement was associated with a significant decrease in colonic proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cytokine expression, as compared to unexposed mice (TNF (p = 0.0169), IFNγ (p<0.0001), and IL-17 (p = 0.0008)). Smoke exposure also induced an increased expression of IL-10 mRNA (p = 0.0035) and a marked recruitment of iNKT (invariant Natural Killer T; CD45+ TCRß+ CD1d tetramer+) cells in the colon of DSS-untreated mice. Demonstration of the role of iNKT cells in CS-dependent colitis improvement was performed using two different strains of NKT cells deficient mice. Indeed, in Jα18KO and CD1dKO animals, CS exposure failed to induce significant regulation of DSS-induced colitis both at the clinical and molecular levels. Thus, our study demonstrates that iNKT cells are pivotal actors in the CS-dependent protection of the colon. These results highlight the role of intestinal iNKT lymphocytes and their responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Targeting iNKT cells would represent a new therapeutic way for inflammatory bowel diseases. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1305 [Js] Journal subset: IM [St] Status: In-Data-Review [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062208

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[PMID]: 23487439 [Au] Autor: Khan MW; Keshavarzian A; Gounaris E; Melson JE; Cheon EC; Blatner NR; Chen ZE; Tsai FN; Lee G; Ryu H; Barrett TA; Bentrem DJ; Beckhove P; Khazaie K [Ad] Address: Authors' Affiliations: Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine; Rush University Medical Center; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; Division of Translational Immunology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, German Cancer Research Center; and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany. [Ti] Title: PI3K/AKT Signaling Is Essential for Communication between Tissue-Infiltrating Mast Cells, Macrophages, and Epithelial Cells in Colitis-Induced Cancer. [So] Source: Clin Cancer Res;19(9):2342-54, 2013 May 1. [Is] ISSN: 1078-0432 [Cp] Country of publication: United States [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: PURPOSE: To understand signaling pathways that shape inflamed tissue and predispose to cancer is critical for effective prevention and therapy for chronic inflammatory diseases. We have explored phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity in human inflammatory bowel diseases and mouse colitis models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We conducted immunostaining of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and unbiased high-throughput image acquisition and quantitative analysis of samples of noninflamed normal colon, colitis, dysplasia, and colorectal cancer. Mechanistic insights were gained from ex vivo studies of cell interactions, the piroxicam/IL-10(-/-) mouse model of progressive colitis, and use of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. RESULTS: Progressive increase in densities of pAKT-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and increase in densities of mast cells in the colonic submucosa were noted with colitis and progression to dysplasia and cancer. Mast cells recruited macrophages in ex vivo migration assays, and both mast cells and TAMs promoted invasion of cancer cells. Pretreatment of mast cells with LY294002 blocked recruitment of TAMs. LY294002 inhibited mast cell and TAM-mediated tumor invasion, and in mice, blocked stromal PI3K, colitis, and cancer. CONCLUSION: The PI3K/AKT pathway is active in cells infiltrating inflamed human colon tissue. This pathway sustains the recruitment of inflammatory cells through a positive feedback loop. The PI3K/AKT pathway is essential for tumor invasion and the malignant features of the piroxicam/IL-10(-/-) mouse model. LY294002 targets the PI3K pathway and hinders progressive colitis. These findings indicate that colitis and progression to cancer are dependent on stromal PI3K and sensitive to treatment with LY294002. Clin Cancer Res; 19(9); 2342-54. ©2013 AACR. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1305 [Js] Journal subset: IM [St] Status: In-Data-Review [do] DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2623

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[PMID]: 23061597 [Au] Autor: Reshef A; Gurland B; Zutshi M; Kiran RP; Hull T [Ad] Address: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. [Ti] Title: Colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis has a worse 30-day outcome when performed for colonic inertia than for a neoplastic indication. [So] Source: Colorectal Dis;15(4):481-6, 2013 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1463-1318 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: AIM: Whether bowel related dysfunction adversely affects postoperative recovery after total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (C + IRA) for colonic inertia (CI) has not been previously well evaluated. This study compared the early postoperative outcome of C + IRA for CI and for other noninflammatory indications. METHOD: Patients undergoing elective C + IRA from 1999 to 2010 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Since inflammation in the rectum or small bowel may influence the outcome, patients with inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Patients undergoing surgery for CI (group A) were compared with patients having the operation for other benign noninflammatory diseases (group B). Demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), surgical procedure and 30-day complications were assessed. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 333 patients undergoing elective C + IRA (99 men, mean age 39 ± 16 years). The procedure was laparoscopic in 163 (49%) patients. Groups A (n = 131) and B (n = 202) had similar age and ASA score (39 ± 11 vs 39 ± 19 years, P = 0.4; 2.2 ± 0.5 vs 2.4 ± 0.7). Group A patients had lower BMI (25 ± 5 vs 28 ± 8 kg/m(2) , P = 0.002), more women (99 vs 51%, P < 0.001) and fewer laparoscopic procedures (43 vs 53%, P = 0.04). Compared with group B, group A had a greater incidence of postoperative ileus (32 vs 19%, P = 0.009), higher overall morbidity (36 vs 15%, P < 0.001) and increased length of stay (8.4 ± 6 vs 7.2 ± 5 days, P < 0.006). These differences persisted when subgroups of patients who underwent laparoscopic or open surgery were compared. CONCLUSION: Although CI is considered a 'benign' condition, patients undergoing C + IRA for this indication have significant morbidity compared with patients having the operation for other noninflammatory benign conditions. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1303 [Js] Journal subset: IM [St] Status: In-Process [do] DOI: 10.1111/codi.12058

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[PMID]: 23399699 [Au] Autor: Sann H; Erichsen Jv; Hessmann M; Pahl A; Hoffmeyer A [Ad] Address: Nycomed: A Takeda Company, Institute for Pharmacology and Preclinical Drug Safety (IPAS), Haidkrugsweg 1, 22885 Barsbuettel, Germany. holger.sann@abbott.com [Ti] Title: Efficacy of drugs used in the treatment of IBD and combinations thereof in acute DSS-induced colitis in mice. [So] Source: Life Sci;92(12):708-18, 2013 Apr 9. [Is] ISSN: 1879-0631 [Cp] Country of publication: Netherlands [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: AIMS: Although acute dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice is frequently used as a preclinical model for testing drugs involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), only limited data is available that compares the efficacy of established drug treatments and combinations employed in IBD. We have therefore compared the efficacy of aminosalicylates (mesalazine, olsalazine), corticosteroids (budesonide), thiopurines (6-thioguanine (6-TG)) and cyclosporine A (CsA) and combinations thereof as well as the EP4 agonist AGN205203 in the acute DSS-colitis model. MAIN METHODS: Female BALB/c mice were challenged with 4% DSS in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis and treated daily with different drugs/combinations orally. Disease scores (diarrhoea, bleeding, disease activity index), systemic (body weight loss, serum amyloid A levels) and colonic (myeloperoxidase activity, length and histopathology) inflammation parameters were analysed. KEY FINDINGS: Mesalazine, olsalazine (100mg/kg) and budesonide (0.5mg/kg) were only weakly active or even worsened colitis. 6-TG dose-dependently reduced systemic and colonic inflammation parameters with estimated ED50 values between 0.5-4 mg/kg. CsA (10, 25 and 50mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced colitis with high efficacy on systemic inflammation. A combination of CsA 25mg/kg+olsalazine 100mg/kg produced a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect than the compounds given alone. AGN205203 (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg BID) was the most efficacious compound and almost completely inhibited colitis. SIGNIFICANCE: 6-TG and CsA are suitable reference compounds in the DSS mouse model. CsA+olsalazine, as a combination, was more efficacious than the compounds given alone, supporting combination treatments in IBD. [Mh] MeSH terms primary: Aminosalicylic Acids/therapeutic use Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use Budesonide/therapeutic use Colitis/drug therapy Cyclosporine/therapeutic use Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy Mesalamine/therapeutic use Thioguanine/therapeutic use [Mh] MeSH terms secundary: Animals Colitis/chemically induced Colitis/pathology Colon/drug effects Colon/pathology Dextran Sulfate Drug Therapy, Combination Female Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use Humans Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Name of substance: 0 (Aminosalicylic Acids); 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents); 0 (Gastrointestinal Agents); 0 (Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype); 154-42-7 (Thioguanine); 51333-22-3 (Budesonide); 59865-13-3 (Cyclosporine); 89-57-6 (Mesalamine); 9042-14-2 (Dextran Sulfate); ULS5I8J03O (olsalazine) [Em] Entry month: 1305 [Js] Journal subset: IM [Da] Date of entry for processing: 130319 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 22009715 [Au] Autor: Brown JB; Cheresh P; Zhang Z; Ryu H; Managlia E; Barrett TA [Ad] Address: Department of Pediatrics/Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [Ti] Title: P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is needed for sequential recruitment of T-helper 1 (Th1) and local generation of Th17 T cells in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. [So] Source: Inflamm Bowel Dis;18(2):323-32, 2012 Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1536-4844 [Cp] Country of publication: United States [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: BACKGROUND: Activated effector T cells contribute to tissue injury observed in inflammatory bowel disease. T cells are recruited to effector sites after activation in peripheral lymph nodes directs expression of tissue-specific homing receptors. One such mechanism for effector T cell recruitment employs activation-induced fucosylation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)-1 that mediates binding to endothelial P-selectin. Here we examine the differential role of PSGL-1 in recruiting effector T-cell subsets in colitis. METHODS: C57BL/6 wildtype and PSGL-1 mice received 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 6 days and were euthanized 7 and 14 days after the initiation of DSS. Disease activity was monitored throughout. Histologic colitis scores, colonic CD4+ accumulation, and cytokine production were assessed at days 7 and 14. Recruitment of T-helper (Th) subsets was assessed by enumerating adoptively transferred Th1 or Th17 CD4+ cells 2 days after transfer to DSS-treated mice. RESULTS: DSS colitis increases CD4+ T cells in colonic tissue and induces Th1 (interferon gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) and Th17 (interleukin [IL]-17, IL-22) cytokines. Loss of PSGL-1 attenuates DSS colitis, decreases colonic CD4+ T cell numbers, and reduces both Th1 and Th17 cytokine production. Colitis increases recruitment of Th1 (19-fold) and Th17 (2.5-fold) cells. PSGL-1 deficiency in transferred T cells abrogates colonic recruitment of Th1 cells in DSS colitis, whereas Th17 recruitment is unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: PSGL-1 selectively controls Th1 recruitment in colitis. Whereas Th17 recruitment is independent of PSGL-1, generation of colonic Th17 cytokine requires initial Th1 recruitment. Therefore, attenuating PSGL-1 binding may prevent colonic recruitment of disease-causing Th1 cells that promote local Th17 generation. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Entry month: 1301 [Js] Journal subset: IM [St] Status: In-Process [do] DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21779

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[PMID]: 23202608 [Au] Autor: Azira N MS; Zeehaida M [Ad] Address: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. nazlizainuddin@yahoo.com [Ti] Title: Severe chronic iron deficiency anaemia secondary to Trichuris dysentery syndrome - a case report. [So] Source: Trop Biomed;29(4):626-31, 2012 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 0127-5720 [Cp] Country of publication: Malaysia [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Trichuris dysentery syndrome is caused by Trichuris trichiura which contributes to one of the most common helminthic infections in the world. It is associated with heavy colonic infection that manifests as mucoid diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, rectal prolapse, iron deficiency anaemia, and finger clubbing. Here, we report a case of trichuris dysentery syndrome complicated with severe chronic iron deficiency anaemia in a 4-year-old girl who required blood transfusion. The nematode was visualized on stool microscopic and colonoscopic examination. A longer duration of anti-helminthic treatment is required to achieve effective and better outcome. [Mh] MeSH terms primary: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/pathology Dysentery/complications Dysentery/diagnosis Trichuriasis/complications Trichuriasis/diagnosis Trichuris/isolation & purification [Mh] MeSH terms secundary: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/parasitology Animals Anthelmintics/therapeutic use Child, Preschool Colonoscopy Dysentery/pathology Feces/parasitology Female Humans Microscopy Trichuriasis/pathology [Pt] Publication type: CASE REPORTS; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Name of substance: 0 (Anthelmintics) [Em] Entry month: 1305 [Js] Journal subset: IM [Da] Date of entry for processing: 121203 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 23134448 [Au] Autor: Xu XJ; Wu SM [Ad] Address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China. [Ti] Title: Multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract: report of three cases and literature review. [So] Source: J Dig Dis;13(12):649-53, 2012 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1751-2980 [Cp] Country of publication: Australia [La] Language: eng [Mh] MeSH terms primary: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology Intestinal Polyposis/pathology Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology [Mh] MeSH terms secundary: Aged Colonic Neoplasms/surgery Colonic Neoplasms/therapy Fatal Outcome Female Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/surgery Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/therapy Humans Intestinal Polyposis/surgery Lymphoma, Follicular/surgery Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/surgery Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy Male Middle Aged [Pt] Publication type: CASE REPORTS; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1305 [Js] Journal subset: IM [Da] Date of entry for processing: 121122 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00635.x

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[PMID]: 22682776 [Au] Autor: Uwah AN; Ackler J; Leighton JC; Pomerantz S; Tester W [Ad] Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA. ngozi411@yahoo.com [Ti] Title: The effect of diabetes on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. [So] Source: Clin Colorectal Cancer;11(4):275-9, 2012 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1938-0674 [Cp] Country of publication: United States [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is a significant source of morbidity for cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the relationship between preexisting diabetes and clinically significant (National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grades 2 and 3) OXIPN; between diabetes, and the cumulative dose at onset of OXIPN; and between other preexisting medical conditions and the development of OXIPN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records of all patients with stage II-IV colon cancer treated in the Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Philadelphia, with oxaliplatin from 2005 to 2009. Exclusion criteria included preexisting neuropathy, previous neurotoxic chemotherapy exposure, and incomplete medical records. The NCI Common Toxicity Criteria was used to grade sensory neuropathy. Univariate analysis was used to estimate odds ratios and confidence limits for prevalence of OXIPN in patients with and without diabetes. The mean level and cumulative doses were compared using the t test. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients met the study criteria; 23 oxaliplatin-treated patients were excluded. The crude incidence of any OXIPN was 65%. There was no relationship found between development of OXIPN and the presence of diabetes, smoking, hypertension, or statin use. However, the mean cumulative dose of oxaliplatin was significantly lower for patients with diabetes who developed neuropathy, compared with those without diabetes (388 vs. 610 mg/m(2); P = .021). CONCLUSION: Although the presence of diabetes did not appear to affect the severity of OXIPN, patients with diabetes developed OXIPN at a lower cumulative dose of oxaliplatin (P < .05). The results may have implications for treatment of patients with diabetes and colon cancer. [Mh] MeSH terms primary: Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy Diabetes Complications/etiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology Organoplatinum Compounds/adverse effects Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology [Mh] MeSH terms secundary: Calcium/metabolism Chemotherapy, Adjuvant Colonic Neoplasms/complications Diabetes Complications/epidemiology Diabetes Complications/pathology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Hypertension/complications Hypertension/physiopathology Incidence Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Staging Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/pathology Philadelphia/epidemiology Prognosis [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Name of substance: 0 (Antineoplastic Agents); 0 (Organoplatinum Compounds); 63121-00-6 (oxaliplatin); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) [Em] Entry month: 1305 [Js] Journal subset: IM [Da] Date of entry for processing: 121107 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 21840809 [Au] Autor: Havenaar R [Ad] Address: TNO, AJ Zeist, the Netherlands. rob.havenaar@tno.nl [Ti] Title: Intestinal health functions of colonic microbial metabolites: a review. [So] Source: Benef Microbes;2(2):103-14, 2011 Jun. [Is] ISSN: 1876-2891 [Cp] Country of publication: Netherlands [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: This review tries to find a scientific answer on the following two questions: (1) to what extent do we understand the specific role of colonic microbial metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), in maintaining the health status and prevention of diseases of the colon and the host; (2) to what extent can we influence or even control the formation of colonic microbial metabolites which are beneficial for the health status. The review focuses on the following topics: energy source, intestinal motility, defence barrier, oxidative stress with special attention for antiinflammatory and anti-carcinogen functions, and satiety. Also the risk of overproduction of SCFA is discussed. Reviewing the literature as present today, it can be concluded that physiological levels of SCFA are vital for the health and well-being of the host and that the presence of carbohydrates (dietary fibre, prebiotics) is essential to favour the metabolic activity in the direction of carbohydrate fermentation. For optimal motor activity of the ileum and colon, to regulate the physiological intestinal mobility, steadily fermentable dietary fibres or prebiotics are crucial. The formation of SCFA, especially propionate and butyrate, up to high physiological levels in the colon, much likely also contributes to the defence mechanisms of the intestinal wall. No final answer can be given yet about the role of SCFA in anti-inflammation and anti-carcinogenicity, but recently published research shows possible mechanisms in this field. The intake of prebiotics or specific dietary fibres promotes the formation of SCFA within the physiological range, and more or less specifically increases the levels of propionate and butyrate. In this way, they provide benefit to the host, especially the natural regulation of the digestive system. [Mh] MeSH terms primary: Bacteria/metabolism Carbohydrate Metabolism/physiology Colon/physiology Fatty Acids, Volatile/physiology Gastrointestinal Diseases/prevention & control [Mh] MeSH terms secundary: Colon/microbiology Dietary Fiber/metabolism Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism Fermentation/physiology Gastrointestinal Diseases/metabolism Humans Intestine, Large/microbiology Intestine, Large/physiology Oxidative Stress/physiology Prebiotics/microbiology [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Name of substance: 0 (Fatty Acids, Volatile); 0 (Prebiotics) [Em] Entry month: 1305 [Js] Journal subset: IM [Da] Date of entry for processing: 110815 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3920/BM2011.0003

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