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[PMID]: 23600606
[Au] Autor:Hargis AM; Myers S; Gortel K; Duclos D; Randolph-Habecker J
[Ad] Address:DermatoDiagnostics, Edmonds, WA, 98026, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
[Ti] Title:Proliferative, lymphocytic, infundibular mural folliculitis and dermatitis with prominent follicular apoptosis and parakeratotic casts in four Labrador retrievers: preliminary description and response to therapy.
[So] Source:Vet Dermatol;24(3):346-e77, 2013 Jun.
[Is] ISSN:1365-3164
[Cp] Country of publication:England
[La] Language:eng
[Ab] Abstract:OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical lesions and the response to therapy of a novel skin disease in four dogs, and to compare the lesions with those of other similar conditions. METHODS: Clinical lesions, the histopathological findings in skin biopsy samples, immunohistochemistry for CD3 and cleaved caspase-3 and the response to therapy were evaluated. RESULTS: Clinical lesions included multifocal, coalescing, verrucous, crusted papules and plaques with erythematous borders and comedones or follicular casts. Lesions were in haired skin; they occurred at the edges of paw pads and claw beds in one dog. Histopathological lesions included ortho- and more prominent parakeratotic hyperkeratosis involving follicular infundibular epithelium, with cast formation and a papillary epidermal surface. Lymphocytic exocytosis affected all strata of follicular infundibular epithelium and epidermis. Variable numbers of acidophilic shrunken keratinocytes, often bordered by lymphocytes (satellitosis), occupied the more superficial strata of the follicular infundibular epithelium and epidermis. Immunohistochemistry revealed numerous CD3+ T lymphocytes and fewer cleaved caspase-3-positive apoptotic keratinocytes in the infundibular hair follicle epithelium and epidermis, with numerous CD3+ T lymphocytes and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in the dermis. Two dogs responded completely to therapy with ciclosporin and remained lesion free off therapy; one dog responded to therapy with prednisone, azathioprine and ciclosporin, but relapsed; and one dog was not treated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The cause of the lesions is unknown; the presence of intraepithelial CD3+ lymphocytes and cleaved caspase-3-positive apoptotic keratinocytes and the positive response to immunosuppressive therapy suggest an immune response directed towards unidentified antigens expressed on the surface of keratinocytes.
[Pt] Publication type:JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Em] Entry month:1305
[Js] Journal subset:IM
[St] Status:In-Data-Review
[do] DOI:10.1111/vde.12022

  2 / 424551 MEDLINE  
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[PMID]: 23530471
[Au] Autor:Kimura T; Sekido M; Iio A; Chimura N; Shibata S; Kamishina H; Kamishina H; Maeda S
[Ad] Address:The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
[Ti] Title:Involvement of nuclear factor of activated T cells in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in canine keratinocytes stimulated with a cysteine protease.
[So] Source:Vet Dermatol;24(3):310-e69, 2013 Jun.
[Is] ISSN:1365-3164
[Cp] Country of publication:England
[La] Language:eng
[Ab] Abstract:BACKGROUND: A previous study demonstrated that the cysteine protease of Dermatophagoides farinae induced production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in a canine epidermal keratinocyte progenitor cell line (CPEK); however, the molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Given that the transcription of GM-CSF mRNA in human lymphocytes is mainly regulated by the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), it is hypothesized that NFAT also contributes to GM-CSF production in canine keratinocytes stimulated with a cysteine protease. METHODS: Nuclear translocation of NFAT was evaluated in CPEK cells in the absence or presence of the cysteine protease papain. We also investigated whether blockade of NFAT could inhibit GM-CSF production. RESULTS: Papain-induced nuclear translocation of NFAT, producing GM-CSF, was partly inhibited by ciclosporin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results suggest that GM-CSF production mediated by the cysteine protease is regulated not only by NFAT but also by unknown signalling pathways in canine keratinocytes.
[Pt] Publication type:JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Em] Entry month:1305
[Js] Journal subset:IM
[St] Status:In-Data-Review
[do] DOI:10.1111/vde.12017

  3 / 424551 MEDLINE  
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[PMID]: 23073908
[Au] Autor:Cooper CA; Nelson KM; Maga EA; Murray JD
[Ad] Address:Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
[Ti] Title:Consumption of transgenic cows' milk containing human lactoferrin results in beneficial changes in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic health of young pigs.
[So] Source:Transgenic Res;22(3):571-8, 2013 Jun.
[Is] ISSN:1573-9368
[Cp] Country of publication:Netherlands
[La] Language:eng
[Ab] Abstract:Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory protein that is produced in high quantities in human milk and aids in the gastrointestinal (GI) maturation of infants. Beneficial health effects have been observed when supplementing human and animal diets with lactoferrin. A herd of genetically engineered cattle that secrete recombinant human lactoferrin in their milk (rhLF-milk) have been generated which provide an efficient production system and ideal medium for rhLF consumption. The effects of consumption of rhLF-milk were tested on young pigs as an animal model for the GI tract of children. When comparing rhLF-milk fed pigs to non-transgenic milk fed pigs (control), we observed that rhLF-milk fed pigs had beneficial changes in circulating leukocyte populations. There was a significant decrease in neutrophils (p = 0.0036) and increase in lymphocytes (p = 0.0017), leading to a decreased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p = 0.0153), which is an indicator of decreased systemic inflammation. We also observed changes in intestinal villi architecture. In the duodenum, rhLF-milk fed pigs tended to have taller villi (p = 0.0914) with significantly deeper crypts (p < 0.0001). In the ileum, pigs consuming rhLF-milk had villi that were significantly taller (p = 0.0002), with deeper crypts (p < 0.0001), and a thinner lamina propria (p = 0.0056). We observed no differences in cytokine expression between rhLF-milk and control-milk fed pigs, indicating that consumption of rhLF-milk did not change cytokine signaling in the intestines. Overall favorable changes in systemic health and GI villi architecture were observed; indicating that consumption of rhLF-milk has the potential to induce positive changes in the GI tract.
[Pt] Publication type:JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Em] Entry month:1305
[Js] Journal subset:IM
[St] Status:In-Data-Review
[do] DOI:10.1007/s11248-012-9662-7

  4 / 424551 MEDLINE  
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[PMID]: 23541492
[Au] Autor:Toumi ML; Merzoug S; Baudin B; Tahraoui A
[Ad] Address:Laboratoire de Neuro-endocrinologie Appliquée, Département de Biologie, Université Badji Mokhtar, BP 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria. Electronic address: ml.toumi_annaba@yahoo.fr.
[Ti] Title:Quercetin alleviates predator stress-induced anxiety-like and brain oxidative signs in pregnant rats and immune count disturbance in their offspring.
[So] Source:Pharmacol Biochem Behav;107:1-10, 2013 Jun.
[Is] ISSN:1873-5177
[Cp] Country of publication:United States
[La] Language:eng
[Ab] Abstract:This study was performed in rats to investigate the effect of a psychogenic stress during late gestation on the immediate behavior and brain oxidative status in dams as well as on the immune cell counts in their offspring up to weaning. Besides, the ability of quercetin (a natural flavonoid) to prevent stress effects was evaluated. Quercetin was orally administered for 6 consecutive days before the pregnant rats were acutely exposed to predator stress on gestational day 19. Post-stress corticosterone level, brain oxidative stress parameters and anxiety-like behavior were assessed in dams, whereas immune cell counts were postnatally determined in both male and female pups. Predator stress caused an oxidative stress in the brain and elicited an elevation in plasma corticosterone with concomitant behavioral impairment in dams. Prenatally-stressed pups mainly showed a decrease in total leukocytes and lymphocytes along with monocytosis and granulocytosis, but these changes were sex-dependent throughout the postnatal period studied. Quercetin pretreatment blocked the stress-induced corticosterone release and alleviated the brain oxidative stress with the maternal anxiety measures being slightly attenuated, whereas its effects on the offspring immune cell counts were mostly revealed at birth. Our findings suggest that late gestational exposure to traumatic events may cause anxiety symptoms in dams, in which corticosterone and brain oxidative stress play a certain role, and trigger negative immune changes in the early postnatal life of progeny. Notably, quercetin intake before such adverse events seems to be beneficial against negative outcomes in both dams and offspring.
[Pt] Publication type:JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Em] Entry month:1305
[Js] Journal subset:IM
[St] Status:In-Data-Review

  5 / 424551 MEDLINE  
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[PMID]: 23671644
[Au] Autor:Wang LX; Mei ZY; Zhou JH; Yao YS; Li YH; Xu YH; Li JX; Gao XN; Zhou MH; Jiang MM; Gao L; Ding Y; Lu XC; Shi JL; Luo XF; Wang J; Wang LL; Qu C; Bai XF; Yu L
[Ad] Address:Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ; Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China ; Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
[Ti] Title:Low Dose Decitabine Treatment Induces CD80 Expression in Cancer Cells and Stimulates Tumor Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses.
[So] Source:PLoS One;8(5):e62924, 2013.
[Is] ISSN:1932-6203
[Cp] Country of publication:United States
[La] Language:eng
[Ab] Abstract:Lack of immunogenicity of cancer cells has been considered a major reason for their failure in induction of a tumor specific T cell response. In this paper, we present evidence that decitabine (DAC), a DNA methylation inhibitor that is currently used for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other malignant neoplasms, is capable of eliciting an anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in mouse EL4 tumor model. C57BL/6 mice with established EL4 tumors were treated with DAC (1.0 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 5 days. We found that DAC treatment resulted in infiltration of IFN-γ producing T lymphocytes into tumors and caused tumor rejection. Depletion of CD8(+), but not CD4(+) T cells resumed tumor growth. DAC-induced CTL response appeared to be elicited by the induction of CD80 expression on tumor cells. Epigenetic evidence suggests that DAC induces CD80 expression in EL4 cells via demethylation of CpG dinucleotide sites in the promoter of CD80 gene. In addition, we also showed that a transient, low-dose DAC treatment can induce CD80 gene expression in a variety of human cancer cells. This study provides the first evidence that epigenetic modulation can induce the expression of a major T cell co-stimulatory molecule on cancer cells, which can overcome immune tolerance, and induce an efficient anti-tumor CTL response. The results have important implications in designing DAC-based cancer immunotherapy.
[Pt] Publication type:JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Em] Entry month:1305
[Js] Journal subset:IM
[St] Status:In-Data-Review
[do] DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0062924

  6 / 424551 MEDLINE  
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[PMID]: 23671688
[Au] Autor:Kosulin K; Hoffmann F; Clauditz TS; Wilczak W; Dobner T
[Ad] Address:Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Department of Molecular Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
[Ti] Title:Presence of adenovirus species C in infiltrating lymphocytes of human sarcoma.
[So] Source:PLoS One;8(5):e63646, 2013.
[Is] ISSN:1932-6203
[Cp] Country of publication:United States
[La] Language:eng
[Ab] Abstract:Human adenoviruses are known to persist in T-lymphocytes of tonsils, adenoids and intestinal tract. The oncogenic potential of different adenovirus types has been widely studied in rodents, in which adenovirus inoculation can induce multiple tumors such as undifferentiated sarcomas, adenocarcinomas and neuroectodermal tumors. However, the oncogenic potential of this virus has never been proven in human subjects. Using a highly sensitive broad-spectrum qRT-PCR, we have screened a set of different human sarcomas including leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and gastro intestinal stroma tumors. Primers binding the viral oncogene E1A and the capsid-coding gene Hexon were used to detect the presence of adenovirus DNA in tumor samples. We found that 18% of the tested leiomyosarcomas and 35% of the liposarcomas were positive for the presence of adenovirus DNA, being species C types the most frequently detected adenoviruses. However, only in one sample of the gastro intestinal stroma tumors the virus DNA could be detected. The occurrence of adenovirus in the tumor sections was confirmed by subsequent fluorescence in-situ-hybridization analysis and co-staining with the transcription factor Bcl11b gives evidence for the presence of the virus in infiltrating T-lymphocytes within the tumors. Together these data underline, for the first time, the persistence of adenovirus in T-lymphocytes infiltrated in muscular and fatty tissue tumor samples. If an impaired immune system leads to the viral persistence and reactivation of the virus is involved in additional diseases needs further investigation.
[Pt] Publication type:JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Em] Entry month:1305
[Js] Journal subset:IM
[St] Status:In-Data-Review
[do] DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0063646

  7 / 424551 MEDLINE  
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[PMID]: 23671565
[Au] Autor:Walsh AD; Bimber BN; Das A; Piaskowski SM; Rakasz EG; Bean AT; Mudd PA; Ericsen AJ; Wilson NA; Hughes AL; O'Connor DH; Maness NJ
[Ad] Address:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
[Ti] Title:Acute Phase CD8+ T Lymphocytes against Alternate Reading Frame Epitopes Select for Rapid Viral Escape during SIV Infection.
[So] Source:PLoS One;8(5):e61383, 2013.
[Is] ISSN:1932-6203
[Cp] Country of publication:United States
[La] Language:eng
[Ab] Abstract:CD8+ T Lymphocytes (CTL) can control AIDS virus replication. However, natural selection favoring viral variants that escape CTL recognition is a common feature of both simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques and HIV infection of humans. Emerging data indicate that CTL directed against alternate reading frame (ARF)-derived epitopes (a.k.a. cryptic epitopes) are important components of the total virus-specific response in SIV and HIV infection but the contributions of these responses during the critical first several weeks of infection have not been determined. We used a focused deep sequencing approach to examine acute phase viral evolution in response to CTL targeting two polypeptides encoded by ARFs of SIVmac239 in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. We report high magnitude CTL responses as early as three weeks post-infection against epitopes within both ARFs, which both overlap the 5' end of the env gene. Further, mutations accumulated in the epitopes by three to four weeks post infection consistent with viral escape. Interestingly, these mutations largely maintained the primary amino acid sequence of the overlapping Envelope protein. Our data show that high frequency CTL target cryptic epitopes and exert selective pressure on SIV during the acute phase, underscoring the importance of these unique immune responses.
[Pt] Publication type:JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Em] Entry month:1305
[Js] Journal subset:IM
[St] Status:In-Data-Review
[do] DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0061383

  8 / 424551 MEDLINE  
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[PMID]: 23669473
[Au] Autor:Kavuturu S; Sarwani NE; Ruggeiro FM; Deshaies I; Kimchi ET; Kaifi JT; Staveley-O'Carroll KF; Gusani NJ
[Ad] Address:Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine. Hershey, PA, USA. ngusani@psu.edu.
[Ti] Title:Lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas. Can preoperative imaging distinguish this benign lesion from malignant or pre-malignant cystic pancreatic lesions?
[So] Source:JOP;14(3):250-5, 2013.
[Is] ISSN:1590-8577
[Cp] Country of publication:Italy
[La] Language:eng
[Ab] Abstract:CONTEXT: Lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas are rare true benign cystic tumors of the pancreas of uncertain etiology. Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas present a significant diagnostic dilemma in differentiating benign from premalignant or malignant variants. Since the first description of lymphoepithelial cysts in 1985, 109 cases have been reported in the literature. We describe 6 cases of this rare tumor, the preoperative imaging results, and a review the literature. PATIENTS: Five males and one female ranging in age from 47 to 76 years underwent resection for lymphoepithelial cysts. Five patients presented with abdominal pain related to the lesion and in one patient the lesion was discovered incidentally. Four patients had elevated serum CA 19-9 levels. Pre-operative imaging with a CT scan and MRI of the abdomen typically revealed a well defined hypodense mass with Hounsfield units (HU) in the range of 15 to 20. One patient had papillary projections into the lesion. The mean size was 3.3 cm (ranging from 1.8 cm to 4 cm). All lesions were exophytic off the pancreatic parenchyma (1 cyst was located in the head of the pancreas, 2 were in the body, and 3 were in the tail region). Pre-operative EUS-guided/CT-guided needle aspiration, when performed, was not diagnostic. All patients underwent resection (one pancreaticoduodenectomy, five left pancreatectomies) to remove these cystic neoplasms. Pathology revealed a cyst lined by non-dysplastic squamous cells surrounded by sheets of benign lymphocytes. No evidence of malignancy was found. CONCLUSION: Lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas are rare and are characteristically seen in men. While a hypodense mass (less than 20 HU) with papillary projections should be considered suspicious for lymphoepithelial cyst, a definitive diagnosis cannot be made solely based on preoperative imaging. EUS-guided biopsy coupled with biochemical/tumor marker studies are increasingly being used as a diagnostic tool to help differentiate between the various types of cystic pancreatic neoplasms. Imaging findings of lymphoepithelial cysts are non-specific and hence surgical resection is often required to rule out the presence of a malignant or pre-malignant cystic pancreatic lesion. In true lymphoepithelial cysts, malignant transformation is not seen and patients who have these cysts are not at increased risk of developing a pancreatic malignancy.
[Pt] Publication type:JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Em] Entry month:1305
[Js] Journal subset:IM
[St] Status:In-Data-Review
[do] DOI:10.6092/1590-8577/1229

  9 / 424551 MEDLINE  
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[PMID]: 22210807
[Au] Autor:Johnson G; Curry B; Cahalan L; Prater R; Beeler M; Gartner M; Biggerstaff J; Cahalan P
[Ad] Address:1Ension Inc. 240 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15238, USA.
[Ti] Title:In vitro assessment of blood compatibility: Residual and dynamic markers of cellular activation.
[So] Source:J Biomater Appl;27(8):925-36, 2013 May.
[Is] ISSN:1530-8022
[Cp] Country of publication:England
[La] Language:eng
[Ab] Abstract:The blood compatibility of materials and surfaces used for medical device fabrication is a crucial factor in their function and effectiveness. Expansion of device use into more sensitive and longer term applications warrants increasingly detailed evaluations of blood compatibility that reach beyond the customary measures mandated by regulatory requirements. A panel of tests that assess both deposition on the surface and activation of circulating blood in contact with the surface has been developed. Specifically, the ability of a surface to modulate the biological response of blood is assessed by measuring: (1) dynamic thrombin generation; (2) surface-bound thrombin activity after exposure to blood; (3) activation of monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets; (4) activation of complement; and (5) adherent monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets on blood-contacting surfaces. The tests were used to evaluate surfaces modified with immobilized heparin (Ension's proprietary bioactive surface) and demonstrated that the modified surfaces reduced platelet activation, leukocyte activation, and complement activation in flowing human blood. Perfusion of the surfaces with human platelet-rich plasma showed that the immobilized heparin surfaces also reduce both dynamic thrombin levels in the circulating plasma and residual thrombin generated at the material surface.
[Pt] Publication type:JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Em] Entry month:1305
[Js] Journal subset:IM
[St] Status:In-Data-Review
[do] DOI:10.1177/0885328211428525

  10 / 424551 MEDLINE  
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[PMID]: 23670076
[Au] Autor:Camus A; Soto E; Berliner A; Clauss T; Sanchez S
[Ad] Address:Department of Pathology and 4Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
[Ti] Title:Epitheliocystis hyperinfection in captive spotted eagle rays Aetobatus narinari associated with a novel Chlamydiales 16S rDNA signature sequence.
[So] Source:Dis Aquat Organ;104(1):13-21, 2013 Apr 29.
[Is] ISSN:0177-5103
[Cp] Country of publication:Germany
[La] Language:eng
[Ab] Abstract:This report details 2 cases of epitheliocystis in spotted eagle rays Aetobatus narinari associated with a novel Chlamydiales 16S rDNA signature sequence. Epitheliocystis is a common disease of variable severity affecting >50 species of wild and cultured freshwater and marine teleosts. Disease in elasmobranchs is rarely reported and descriptions are limited. Occurring in gill and skin epithelium, lesions are characterized by large hypertrophied cells with basophilic inclusions containing Gram-negative, chlamydia-like bacteria. Acute lethargy, labored respiration, and abnormal swimming developed in a captive spotted eagle ray following an uneventful quarantine period, and mild epitheliocystis lesions were found microscopically. Three months later, a second animal exhibited similar signs. A gill clip revealed myriad spherical bodies identical to the previous case, and treatment with chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline was initiated. Despite therapy, respiration became irregular and euthanasia was elected. Histologically, epitheliocystis inclusions up to 200 µm filled approximately 80% of lamellar troughs. Multifocal mild hypertrophy and hyperplasia of lamellar tips was accompanied by mild to moderate infiltrates of granulocytes and lymphocytes. Electron microscopy revealed a homogeneous population of elongate chlamydia-like bacterial forms similar in size and morphology to the primary long cells described in teleosts. Immunohistochemical staining with a polyclonal anti-chlamydial lipopolysaccharide antibody was positive. Sequence analysis of a unique 296 bp Chlamydiales signature sequence amplicon isolated from the rays showed greatest homology (85 to 87%) to 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis'.
[Pt] Publication type:JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Em] Entry month:1305
[Js] Journal subset:IM
[St] Status:In-Data-Review
[do] DOI:10.3354/dao02586


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