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[PMID]: 29243308 [Au] Autor: Fisher C; Adams J; Frawley J; Hickman L; Sibbritt D [Ad] Address: University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia. [Ti] Title: Western herbal medicine consultations for common menstrual problems; practitioner experiences and perceptions of treatment. [So] Source: Phytother Res;32(3):531-541, 2018 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1099-1573 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: To explore the prevalence with which Australian Western herbalists treat menstrual problems and their related treatment, experiences, perceptions, and interreferral practices with other health practitioners. Members of the Practitioner Research and Collaboration Initiative practice-based research network identifying as Western Herbalists (WHs) completed a specifically developed, online questionnaire. Western Herbalists regularly treat menstrual problems, perceiving high, though differential, levels of effectiveness. For menstrual problems, WHs predominantly prescribe individualised formulas including core herbs, such as Vitex agnus-castus, and problem-specific herbs. Estimated clients' weekly cost (median = $25.00) and treatment duration (median = 4-6 months) covering this Western herbal medicine treatment appears relatively low. Urban-based women are more likely than those rurally based to have used conventional treatment for their menstrual problems before consulting WHs (p = .001). Only 19% of WHs indicated direct contact by conventional medical practitioners regarding treatment of clients' menstrual problems despite 42% indicating clients' conventional practitioners recommended consultation with WH. Western herbal medicine may be a substantially prevalent, cost-effective treatment option amongst women with menstrual problems. A detailed examination of the behaviour of women with menstrual problems who seek and use Western herbal medicine warrants attention to ensure this healthcare option is safe, effective, and appropriately co-ordinated within women's wider healthcare use. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1712 [Cu] Class update date: 180306 [Lr] Last revision date: 180306 [St] Status: In-Process [do] DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6001

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[PMID]: 29460340 [Au] Autor: Somtimuang C; Olatunji OJ; Ovatlarnporn C [Ad] Address: Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand. [Ti] Title: Evaluation of in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of 14 medicinal plants constituted in Thai folk antidiabetic formularies. [So] Source: Chem Biodivers;, 2018 Feb 20. [Is] ISSN: 1612-1880 [Cp] Country of publication: Switzerland [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: The sporadic increase in the occurrence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus have compelled and vigorous search for alternative anti-diabetic therapeutic approach from medicinal plants and its bioactive. One of the major approach employed is the reduction of gastrointestinal glucose levels through the inhibition of carbohydrate digesting enzymes notably α-amylase and α- glucosidase. In this study, the ethanol extracts of 14 selected plants from Mor Porn's recipe were screened for their α-amylase and α- glucosidase inhibitory activity. The ethanolic extract from the stem of Vitex glabrata displayed the highest percentage inhibitory activity of 84.98 ± 0.59 and 84.71± 1.51 against α- glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, respectively. Chemical investigation of the active extract of V. glabrata indicated that pentacyclic triterpenes were the major compounds responsible for the activity. The result obtained from this study suggests the potential use of V. glabrata as an alternative natural source for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1802 [Cu] Class update date: 180220 [Lr] Last revision date: 180220 [St] Status: Publisher [do] DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800025

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[PMID]: 29274355 [Au] Autor: Pires VA; Cardozo-Junior EL; Ortmann CF; Maraschin JC; Favreto WAJ; Donaduzzi CM; Reginatto FH; Assreuy J [Ad] Address: Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Prati-Donaduzzi Pharmaceutical Co., Toledo, PR, Brazil. [Ti] Title: Lipid-lowering and antiatherogenic effects of Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke in a mice experimental model. [So] Source: J Ethnopharmacol;215:14-20, 2018 Apr 06. [Is] ISSN: 1872-7573 [Cp] Country of publication: Ireland [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke is a deciduous tree, native of South America. Its leaves are traditionally used to treat cardiovascular diseases. This activity is related to the presence of flavonoids, the major compounds of the crude extract. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study investigated the effects of the oral administration of crude extract and standardized fractions from V. megapotamica leaves on lipid profile and on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6 LDLr-KO mice treated with high-fat diet (HFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male C57BL/6 LDLr-KO mice were fed with HFD (cholesterol, 1.25%) for 30 days. They were treated with hydroethanolic extract (500 or 1000mg/kg/day) or fractions (125 or 250mg/kg/day). After 30 days of treatment, it was evaluated the serum lipid profile, atherogenic index, and atherosclerotic plaque. RESULTS: All doses of the hydroethanolic extract reduced significantly the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c and the atherogenic index. The n-butanolic fraction also reduced significantly the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c and the atherogenic index, at all doses, with exception for the triglycerides, which only the lower dose was effective. The residual fraction reduced significantly the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c and the atherogenic index, at all doses, with exception for the atherogenic index, which only the higher dose was effective. The atherosclerotic plaque formation was impaired only by the lower dose of the hydroethanolic extract. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our data suggest that V. megapotamica has potential for the treatment of dyslipidemias. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1712 [Cu] Class update date: 180215 [Lr] Last revision date: 180215 [St] Status: In-Process

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[PMID]: 29444494 [Au] Autor: Liu W; Zhang Y; Yang S; Han D [Ad] Address: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China. [Ti] Title: Terahertz time-domain attenuated total reflection spectroscopy applied to the rapid discrimination of the botanical origin of honeys. [So] Source: Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc;196:123-130, 2018 Feb 06. [Is] ISSN: 1873-3557 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: A new technique to identify the floral resources of honeys is demanded. Terahertz time-domain attenuated total reflection spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods was applied to discriminate different categorizes (Medlar honey, Vitex honey, and Acacia honey). Principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) have been used to find information of the botanical origins of honeys. Spectral range also was discussed to increase the precision of PLS-DA model. The accuracy of 88.46% for validation set was obtained, using PLS-DA model in 0.5-1.5THz. This work indicated terahertz time-domain attenuated total reflection spectroscopy was an available approach to evaluate the quality of honey rapidly. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1802 [Cu] Class update date: 180214 [Lr] Last revision date: 180214 [St] Status: Publisher

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[PMID]: 29315936 [Au] Autor: Heskes AM; Sundram TCM; Boughton BA; Jensen NB; Hansen NL; Crocoll C; Cozzi F; Rasmussen S; Hamberger B; Hamberger B; Staerk D; Møller BL; Pateraki I [Ad] Address: Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Ti] Title: Biosynthesis of bioactive diterpenoids in the medicinal plant Vitex agnus-castus. [So] Source: Plant J;93(5):943-958, 2018 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1365-313X [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Vitex agnus-castus L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant historically used throughout the Mediterranean region to treat menstrual cycle disorders, and is still used today as a clinically effective treatment for premenstrual syndrome. The pharmaceutical activity of the plant extract is linked to its ability to lower prolactin levels. This feature has been attributed to the presence of dopaminergic diterpenoids that can bind to dopamine receptors in the pituitary gland. Phytochemical analyses of V. agnus-castus show that it contains an enormous array of structurally related diterpenoids and, as such, holds potential as a rich source of new dopaminergic drugs. The present work investigated the localisation and biosynthesis of diterpenoids in V. agnus-castus. With the assistance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), diterpenoids were localised to trichomes on the surface of fruit and leaves. Analysis of a trichome-specific transcriptome database, coupled with expression studies, identified seven candidate genes involved in diterpenoid biosynthesis: three class II diterpene synthases (diTPSs); three class I diTPSs; and a cytochrome P450 (CYP). Combinatorial assays of the diTPSs resulted in the formation of a range of different diterpenes that can account for several of the backbones of bioactive diterpenoids observed in V. agnus-castus. The identified CYP, VacCYP76BK1, was found to catalyse 16-hydroxylation of the diol-diterpene, peregrinol, to labd-13Z-ene-9,15,16-triol when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Notably, this product is a potential intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway towards bioactive furan- and lactone-containing diterpenoids that are present in this species. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1801 [Cu] Class update date: 180215 [Lr] Last revision date: 180215 [St] Status: In-Data-Review [do] DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13822

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[PMID]: 29429059 [Au] Autor: Bao F; Tang R; Cheng L; Zhang C; Qiu C; Yuan T; Zhu L; Li H; Chen L [Ad] Address: Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China. [Ti] Title: Terpenoids from Vitex trifolia and their anti-inflammatory activities. [So] Source: J Nat Med;, 2018 Feb 10. [Is] ISSN: 1861-0293 [Cp] Country of publication: Japan [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: A new diterpenoid glucoside, (3S,5S,6S,8R,9R,10S)-3,6,9-trihydroxy-13(14)-labdean-16,15-olide 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (1), and a new iridoid glucoside, (1S, 5S,6R,9R)-10-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-5,6ß-dihydroxy iridoid 1-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (2), along with six known compounds (3-8) were isolated from Vitex trifolia L.. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. All these isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compounds 2, 4, 5, and 7 showed moderate inhibitory activities with IC values of 90.05, 88.51, 87.26, and 76.06 µM, respectively. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1802 [Cu] Class update date: 180211 [Lr] Last revision date: 180211 [St] Status: Publisher [do] DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1178-x

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[PMID]: 29298515 [Au] Autor: Song HM; Park GH; Park SB; Kim HS; Son HJ; Um Y; Jeong JB [Ad] Address: * Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea. [Ti] Title: Vitex rotundifolia Fruit Suppresses the Proliferation of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells through Down-regulation of Cyclin D1 and CDK4 via Proteasomal-Dependent Degradation and Transcriptional Inhibition. [So] Source: Am J Chin Med;46(1):191-207, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 0192-415X [Cp] Country of publication: Singapore [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Viticis Fructus (VF) as the dried fruit from Vitex rotundifolia L. used as a traditional medicine for treating inflammation, headache, migraine, chronic bronchitis, eye pain, and gastrointestinal infections has been reported to have antiproliferative effects against various cancer cells, including breast, lung and colorectal cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which VF mediates the inhibitory effect of the proliferation of cancer cells have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of VF on the down-regulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4 level associated with cancer cell proliferation. VF suppressed the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cell lines such as HCT116 and SW480. VF induced decrease in cyclin D1 and CDK4 in both protein and mRNA levels. However, the protein levels of cyclin D1 and CDK4 were decreased by VF at an earlier time than the change of mRNA levels; rather it suppressed the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 via the proteasomal degradation. In cyclin D1 and CDK4 degradation, we found that Thr286 phosphorylation of cyclin D1 plays a pivotal role in VF-mediated cyclin D1 degradation. Subsequent experiments with several kinase inhibitors suggest that VF-mediated degradation of cyclin D1 may be dependent on GSK3[Formula: see text] and VF-mediated degradation of CDK4 is dependent on ERK1/2, p38 and GSK3[Formula: see text]. In the transcriptional regulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4, we found that VF inhibited Wnt activation associated with cyclin D1 transcriptional regulation through TCF4 down-regulation. In addition, VF treatment down-regulated c-myc expression associated CDK4 transcriptional regulation. Our results suggest that VF has potential to be a candidate for the development of chemoprevention or therapeutic agents for human colorectal cancer. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1801 [Cu] Class update date: 180206 [Lr] Last revision date: 180206 [St] Status: In-Process [do] DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X18500118

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[PMID]: 29386163 [Au] Autor: Siddiqui S; Saify ZS; Jamali KS; Tufail P; Kanwal A; Kamal A; Khan F [Ad] Address: Department of Biochemistry, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. [Ti] Title: Neuroprotective capabilities of Vitex negundo in primary hippocampal neurons. [So] Source: Pak J Pharm Sci;31(1(Suppl.)):341-344, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1011-601X [Cp] Country of publication: Pakistan [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Vitex negundu (Vn) is a well-known aromatic shrub commonly used as a traditional folk medicine famous for its potential pharmacological and biological activities. Several chemical compounds are extracted and identified from the different parts of the Vn such as leaves, root, seeds and flowers. Number of researches reported the herb as antimicrobial, anti-androgenic, anti-osteoporotic, and anti-tumour, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and hepatoprotective. The effects of Vn on neurite outgrowth have not been identified till now. Therefore present study was designed to investigate the neurite outgrowth effects of Vn extract in hippocampal neurons. Neurons from P0 mice were isolated and cultured in defined medium containing the different concentrations of Vn (20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µg/ml) for 48 hrs. The presence of the neurites was confirmed by using ßIII-tubulin antibody which specifically labels only the neurites. Morphometric analysis was done by using Optika Pro-Vision software. The data show that Vn at 30 and 40 µg/ml significantly increased the mean average length of the longest neurite whereas at 150 and 200 µg/ml it significantly decreased the mean average length of the 10 longest neurite in hippocampal neurons. Nevertheless Vn did not show any significant effects on the sum of all the neurite lengths at any concentrations tested. Taken together the result shows that methanolic extract of Vn has potential to produce long neurites at 30 and 40 µg/ml and therefore can be act as a neuroprotective agent in the future drug development. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1802 [Cu] Class update date: 180201 [Lr] Last revision date: 180201 [St] Status: In-Data-Review

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[PMID]: 29386157 [Au] Autor: Khan F; Saify ZS; Jamali KS; Naz S; Hassan S; Siddiqui S [Ad] Address: Department of Neuroscience, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. [Ti] Title: Vitex negundo induces an anticonvulsant effect by inhibiting voltage gated sodium channels in murine Neuro 2A cell line. [So] Source: Pak J Pharm Sci;31(1(Suppl.)):297-303, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1011-601X [Cp] Country of publication: Pakistan [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Vitex negundo (Vn) extract is famous for the treatment of neurological diseases such as migraine and epilepsy. These neurological diseases have been associated with abnormally increased influx of sodium ions into the neurons. Drugs that inhibit voltage gated sodium channels can be used as potent anti-epileptics. Till now, the effects of Vn on sodium channels have not been investigated. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of methalonic fraction of Vn extract in Murine Neuro 2A cell line. Cells were cultured in a defined medium with or without the Vn extract (100 µg/ml). Sodium currents were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp method. The data show that methanolic extract of Vn inhibited sodium currents in a dose dependent manner (IC50 =161µg/ml). Vn (100 µg/ml) shifted the steady-state inactivation curve to the left or towards the hyper polarization state. However, Vn did not show any effects on outward rectifying potassium currents. Moreover, Vn (100 µg/ml) significantly reduced the sustained repetitive (48±4.8%, P<0.01) firing from neonatal hippocampal neurons at 12 DIV. Hence, our data suggested that inhibition of sodium channels by Vn may exert pharmacological effects in reducing pain and convulsions. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1802 [Cu] Class update date: 180201 [Lr] Last revision date: 180201 [St] Status: In-Data-Review

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[PMID]: 29247892 [Au] Autor: Wang WQ; Yin YP; Jun L; Xuan LJ [Ad] Address: State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China. [Ti] Title: Halimane-type diterpenoids from Vitex rotundifolia and their anti-hyperlipidemia activities. [So] Source: Phytochemistry;146:56-62, 2018 Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1873-3700 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Vitex rotundifolia is the variant of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Vitex trifolia. Diterpenoids from V. trifolia have shown anti-hyperlipidemia activity. As part of a continuous research program of searching for anti-hyperlipidemia constituents from TCM, 95% alcohol extract of the fruits of V. rotundifolia was fully studied, and 18 diterpenoids were isolated, including eight previously undescribed compounds (viterofolins A-H). Among them, viterofolins A-B were previously undescribed rearranged halimane-type diterpenoids, viterofolins CH were previously undescribed halimane-type diterpenoids. These compounds were then firstly evaluated in lipid (Dil-LDL) uptake assay in HepG2 cells. Viterofolin H, (5S, 6R, 8R, 9R, 10S)-6-acetoxy-9-hydroxy-13 (14)-labden-16,15-olide and previtexilactone showed moderate activities in promoting LDL uptake (1.27-1.35 fold). This work laid the foundation for searching anti-hyperlipidemia natural products. [Mh] MeSH terms primary: Biological Products/pharmacology Diterpenes/pharmacology Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism Vitex/chemistry [Mh] MeSH terms secundary: Biological Products/chemistry Biological Products/isolation & purification Diterpenes/chemistry Diterpenes/isolation & purification Hep G2 Cells Humans Hyperlipidemias/metabolism Hypolipidemic Agents/chemistry Hypolipidemic Agents/isolation & purification Medicine, Chinese Traditional Molecular Structure [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Name of substance: 0 (Biological Products); 0 (Diterpenes); 0 (Hypolipidemic Agents); 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL); 0 (halimane) [Em] Entry month: 1801 [Cu] Class update date: 180119 [Lr] Last revision date: 180119 [Js] Journal subset: IM [Da] Date of entry for processing: 171217 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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