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[PMID]: 29524797 [Au] Autor: Peeters LHC; de Groot IJM; Geurts ACH [Ad] Address: Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Rehabilitation, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: laura.hc.peeters@radboudumc.nl. [Ti] Title: Trunk involvement in performing upper extremity activities while seated in neurological patients with a flaccid trunk - A review. [So] Source: Gait Posture;62:46-55, 2018 Mar 06. [Is] ISSN: 1879-2219 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: BACKGROUND: Trunk control is essential during seated activities. The trunk interacts with the upper extremities (UE) and head by being part of a kinematic chain and by providing a stable basis. When trunk control becomes impaired, it may have consequences for the execution of UE tasks. AIM: To review trunk involvement in body movement and stability when performing seated activities and its relation with UE and head movements in neurological patients with a flaccid trunk, with a focus on childhood and development with age. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A search using PubMed was conducted and 32 out of 188 potentially eligible articles were included. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Patients with a flaccid trunk (e.g. with spinal cord injury or cerebral palsy) tend to involve the trunk earlier while reaching than healthy persons. Different balance strategies are observed in different types of patients, like using the contralateral arm as counterweight, eliminating degrees of freedom, or reducing movement speed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The key role of the trunk in performing activities should be kept in mind when developing interventions to improve seated task performance in neurological patients with a flaccid trunk. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180310 [Lr] Last revision date: 180310 [St] Status: Publisher

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[PMID]: 29524718 [Au] Autor: Schär RT; Schwarz C; Söll N; Raabe A; Z'Graggen WJ; Beck J [Ad] Address: Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: ralph.schaer@insel.ch. [Ti] Title: Early postoperative perils of intraventricular tumors: An observational comparative study. [So] Source: World Neurosurg;, 2018 Mar 07. [Is] ISSN: 1878-8769 [Cp] Country of publication: United States [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early postoperative patient surveillance after removal of intraventricular tumors is often hindered by delayed awakening and prolonged somnolence. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of early critical postoperative events after elective craniotomies for intraventricular tumors in adults as compared to extraventricular lesions. METHODS: An observational comparative study was conducted on adult patients who had undergone first-time elective craniotomies from November 2011 until August 2016. Patients were stratified into extraventricular lesions (group 1) and intraventricular tumors (group 2). The rates of late extubation, early postoperative seizures, emergency head CTs, and urgent surgical intervention within 48 hours and mortality within 30 days of surgery were analyzed from a prospective database. RESULTS: A total of 977 elective craniotomies were analyzed: group 1 (951 patients, 97.3%) vs. group 2 (26, 2.7%). In group 2 emergency CTs were significantly more often ordered (rate 34.6 % vs. 8.4%; OR 5.76, 95% CI 2.49-13.35, p = 0.0002), and the incidence of urgent surgical intervention was significantly higher (rate 11.5% vs. 0.8%; OR 15.38, 95% CI 3.83-61.72, p = 0.002) than in group 1. Main reason for urgent surgical intervention in group 2 was acute obstructive hydrocephalus. Overall surgical mortality after 30 days was 0.3% (3 cases in group 1, no case in group 2). CONCLUSION: Intraventricular tumors are at significantly higher risk for early emergency head CT and urgent surgical intervention. This patient cohort might benefit from routine intra- and early postoperative imaging, as well as intraoperative extraventricular drain placement. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180310 [Lr] Last revision date: 180310 [St] Status: Publisher

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[PMID]: 29524635 [Au] Autor: Wallace JW; Rasman BG; Dalton BH [Ad] Address: Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States. [Ti] Title: Vestibular-evoked responses indicate a functional role for intrinsic foot muscles during standing balance. [So] Source: Neuroscience;, 2018 Mar 07. [Is] ISSN: 1873-7544 [Cp] Country of publication: United States [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Maintaining standing balance involves multisensory processing and integration to produce dynamic motor responses. Electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) delivered over the mastoid processes can be used to explore the vestibular control of balance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intrinsic foot muscles exhibit vestibular-evoked balance responses and to characterize the traits associated with these responses. Electromyography (EMG) of the abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi and medial gastrocnemius and anterior-posterior (AP) forces were sampled while quietly standing participants were subjected to a random continuous EVS signal (peak-to-peak amplitude = ±3 mA). The relationship between EVS input and motor output was characterized in both the frequency (coherence) and time (cumulant density) domains. When head orientation was rotated in yaw from left to right, the biphasic cumulant density function was inverted for all muscle (EVS-EMG) and wholse-body (EVS-AP forces) balance responses. When vision was occluded, the EVS-EMG and EVS-AP forces coherence function amplitude increased at low frequencies (<2 Hz) and was accompanied by a heightened medium-latency peak amplitude for all muscles as well as the whole-body balance response (AP forces) compared to when static visual cues were present. The enhanced coherence amplitudes at lower frequencies may highlight a mechanism for the increase in postural sway from vision to occluded vision. The current findings indicate that the vestibular control of standing balance can be represented by the intrinsic foot muscles and implicate a postural role for these muscles in modulating quiet standing. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180310 [Lr] Last revision date: 180310 [St] Status: Publisher

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[PMID]: 29524554 [Au] Autor: Chu HY; Chen X; Jiang YE; Wang W; Qi X; Zhong ZM; Zeng MS; Zhu XF; Sun CZ [Ad] Address: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gaoyou People 's Hospital, 116 Fuqian Street, Gaoyou, China. [Ti] Title: Bafilomycin A1 increases the sensitivity of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells to cisplatin by inhibiting the lysosomal uptake of platinum ions but not autophagy. [So] Source: Cancer Lett;, 2018 Mar 07. [Is] ISSN: 1872-7980 [Cp] Country of publication: Ireland [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: The role of autophagy in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cisplatin resistance is unclear. We aimed to identify a possible synergistic effect of autophagy inhibitors and cisplatin in TSCC cells and explore the underlying mechanism. Our results indicate that autophagic flux was high in TSCC cells; Autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 increased cisplatin cytotoxicity in TSCC cells by inhibiting lysosomal uptake of platinum and enhancing intracellular platinum ion binding to DNA; Autophagy gene (Atg5) knockout in TSCC cells did not duplicate the above-mentioned sensitization of bafilomycin A1. Furthermore, we found that cisplatin resistance of TSCC cells was related to cisplatin inducing lysosome biogenesis in a TFEB-dependent manner, which was regulated by c-Abl. In summary, this is the first study to show that Bafilomycin A1 increases the sensitivity of TSCC cells to cisplatin by inhibiting lysosomal function but not autophagy. Lysosomes may be a potential target to increase cisplatin cytotoxicity toward TSCC cells. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180310 [Lr] Last revision date: 180310 [St] Status: Publisher

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[PMID]: 29524490 [Au] Autor: Li Y; Guan S; Liu C; Chen X; Zhu Y; Xie Y; Wang J; Ji X; Li L; Li Z; Zhang Y; Zeng X; Li M [Ad] Address: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hopstital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; Chuangchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China. [Ti] Title: Neuroprotective effects of Coptis chinensis Franch polysaccharide on amyloid-beta (Aß)-induced toxicity in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). [So] Source: Int J Biol Macromol;, 2018 Mar 07. [Is] ISSN: 1879-0003 [Cp] Country of publication: Netherlands [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Coptis chinensis Franch polysaccharide (CCP) on Aß transgenic CL4176 Caenorhabditis elegans, as well as its mechanism of action. The results in life span experiment showed that CCP could significantly increase the lifespan of C. elegans and the effect is in the descending order of 100 mg/L > 500 mg/L > 200 mg/L. The behavioral experiments also demonstrated that CCP at the concentration of 100 mg/L could delay the paralysis rate of C. elegans, which was significantly different from the control group. In terms of Aß toxicity in C. elegans, morphological observation using Thioflavin S staining method indicated that the deposition of Aß protein in the head area of the untreated C. elegans was much more than those in the CCP (100 mg/L)-treated CL4176. In line with this finding, fluorogenic quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that the transcriptional levels of HSP16.2 (Y46H3A.D) and HSP16.41 (Y46H3A.E) in C. elegans was 21 times and 79 times higher than those in untreated control. Thus, these data demonstrate that CCP could reduce Aß-induced toxicity by delaying the aging, decreasing the rate of paralysis, inhibiting the deposition of Aß, and increasing the expression levels of HSP genes in transgenic C. elegans. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180310 [Lr] Last revision date: 180310 [St] Status: Publisher

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[PMID]: 29520191 [Au] Autor: Zhang Q; Wei YM; Qi YG; Li BS [Ad] Address: Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250031, China. [Ti] Title: Early Changes in Apparent Diffusion Coefficient for Salivary Glands during Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Associated with Xerostomia. [So] Source: Korean J Radiol;19(2):328-333, 2018 Mar-Apr. [Is] ISSN: 2005-8330 [Cp] Country of publication: Korea (South) [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the early changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the salivary glands during radiotherapy (RT) and their association with the degree of xerostomia at 6 months after RT in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods: We enrolled 26 patients with NPC who underwent RT. Each patient underwent diffusion-weighted MRI of the salivary glands at rest and with gustatory stimulation within 1 week before RT and 2 weeks after the beginning of RT. The ADC at rest (ADC ) and increase and increase rate with stimulation (ADC , ADC ) of the submandibular and parotid glands were calculated. The differences in the variables' values between 2 weeks after the beginning of RT and baseline (ΔADC , ΔADC , and ΔADC ) were compared to the degree of xerostomia at 6 months after RT. Results: The ADC of the submandibular and parotid glands were both significantly higher at 2 weeks after the beginning of RT than found at baseline (both < 0.01). The ADC and ADC for the parotid glands were both significantly lower at 2 weeks after the beginning of RT than found at baseline (both < 0.01). ΔADC and ΔADC of the parotid glands were associated with the degree of xerostomia at 6 months after RT ( = -0.61 and -0.72, both < 0.01). Conclusion: The ADCs of the salivary glands change early during RT. The differences in the ADC increase and increase rate of the parotid glands between 2 weeks after the beginning of RT and baseline were associated with the degree of xerostomia at 6 months after RT. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180311 [Lr] Last revision date: 180311 [St] Status: In-Data-Review [do] DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.19.2.328

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[PMID]: 29516053 [Au] Autor: Manoiu MR; Amri JA; Èšicle A; Stan C [Ad] Address: Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency District Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania. [Ti] Title: Case report: bilateral optic nerve head drusen and glaucoma. [So] Source: Rom J Ophthalmol;61(4):310-314, 2017 Oct-Dec. [Is] ISSN: 2457-4325 [Cp] Country of publication: Romania [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Optic nerve head drusen is an incidental finding in current ophthalmological practice. Although patients rarely display symptoms, structural, and functional defects, there are exceptional cases when clinical appearance can make it difficult to diagnose underlying or coexisting conditions, such as glaucoma. The following case report demonstrates how overlapping optic nerve pathologies can interfere in clinical judgement and therapeutic decision making in a young male patient, with relevant family history for both glaucoma and bilateral optic nerve head drusen. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180311 [Lr] Last revision date: 180311 [St] Status: In-Process

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[PMID]: 29511685 [Au] Autor: Thanasupsombat C; Thongvigitmanee SS; Aootaphao S; Thajchayapong P [Ad] Address: X-Ray CT and Medical Imaging Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 112 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. [Ti] Title: A Simple Scatter Reduction Method in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for Dental and Maxillofacial Applications Based on Monte Carlo Simulation. [So] Source: Biomed Res Int;2018:5748281, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 2314-6141 [Cp] Country of publication: United States [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: The quality of images obtained from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is important in diagnosis and treatment planning for dental and maxillofacial applications. However, X-ray scattering inside a human head is one of the main factors that cause a drop in image quality, especially in the CBCT system with a wide-angle cone-beam X-ray source and a large area detector. In this study, the X-ray scattering distribution within a standard head phantom was estimated using the Monte Carlo method based on Geant4. Due to small variation of low-frequency scattering signals, the scattering signals from the head phantom can be represented as the simple predetermined scattering signals from a patient's head and subtracted the projection data for scatter reduction. The results showed higher contrast and less cupping artifacts on the reconstructed images of the head phantom and real patients. Furthermore, the same simulated scattering signals can also be applied to process with higher-resolution projection data. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180311 [Lr] Last revision date: 180311 [St] Status: In-Process [do] DOI: 10.1155/2018/5748281

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[PMID]: 29511374 [Au] Autor: Du Z; Ma HL; Zhang ZY; Zheng JW; Wang YA [Ad] Address: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China. [Ti] Title: Transgenic Expression of A Venous Malformation Related Mutation, , Significantly Induces Multiple Malformations of Zebrafish. [So] Source: Int J Med Sci;15(4):385-394, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1449-1907 [Cp] Country of publication: Australia [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: A mutation causing arginine-to-tryptophan substitution at residue 849 ( ) is commonly identified in heredofamilial venous malformation. However, there is no model to confirm the pathogenic role of . Humanized plasmid was constructed via PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis. After transcription and micro-injection, significantly induces multiple malformations in zebrafish: caudal vein plexus (CVP) defect, eye abnormalities, forebrain formation perturbations, and mandibular malformation. Histologically, these phenotypes accompany aphakia, confused retina plexiform layer, abnormal mandibular cartilage, ectopic myelencephalon proliferation and aberrant location of neurogliocytes. According to qRT-PCR, except for high expression of , the other CVP-related genes , , and are not significantly different from control. also induced upregulation of the signaling pathway. Gene array shows that under the effect of , consistent with high expression of and , high levels of , , and were partly confirmed. This model directly identifies the venous-related pathogenic role of . Under up-regulation of , could be considered a potential reason for venous defects. Moreover, the pathway may perform an important role as a key trigger for head multi-malformations. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180311 [Lr] Last revision date: 180311 [St] Status: In-Process [do] DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23054

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[PMID]: 29510739 [Au] Autor: Steele KE; Tan TH; Korn R; Dacosta K; Brown C; Kuziora M; Zimmermann J; Laffin B; Widmaier M; Rognoni L; Cardenes R; Schneider K; Boutrin A; Martin P; Zha J; Wiestler T [Ad] Address: MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA. SteeleK@MedImmune.com. [Ti] Title: Measuring multiple parameters of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in human cancers by image analysis. [So] Source: J Immunother Cancer;6(1):20, 2018 Mar 06. [Is] ISSN: 2051-1426 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: BACKGROUND: Immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapies are areas of intense research. The numbers and locations of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are important measures of the immune response to cancer with prognostic, pharmacodynamic, and predictive potential. We describe the development, validation, and application of advanced image analysis methods to characterize multiple immunohistochemistry-derived CD8 parameters in clinical and nonclinical tumor tissues. METHODS: Commercial resection tumors from nine cancer types, and paired screening/on-drug biopsies of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients enrolled in a phase 1/2 clinical trial investigating the PD-L1 antibody therapy durvalumab (NCT01693562), were immunostained for CD8. Additional NCT01693562 samples were immunostained with a CD8/PD-L1 dual immunohistochemistry assay. Whole-slide scanning was performed, tumor regions were annotated by a pathologist, and images were analyzed with customized algorithms using Definiens Developer XD software. Validation of image analysis data used cell-by-cell comparison to pathologist scoring across a range of CD8+ TIL densities of all nine cancers, relying primarily on 95% confidence in having at least moderate agreement regarding Lin concordance correlation coefficient (CCC = 0.88-0.99, CCC_lower = 0.65-0.96). RESULTS: We found substantial variability in CD8+ TILs between individual patients and across the nine types of human cancer. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma had several-fold more CD8+ TILs than some other cancers. TIL densities were significantly higher in the invasive margin versus tumor center for carcinomas of head and neck, kidney and pancreas, and NSCLC; the reverse was true only for prostate cancer. In paired patient biopsies, there were significantly increased CD8+ TILs 6 weeks after onset of durvalumab therapy (mean of 365 cells/mm over baseline; P = 0.009), consistent with immune activation. Image analysis accurately enumerated CD8+ TILs in PD-L1+ regions of lung tumors using the dual assay and also measured elongate CD8+ lymphocytes which constituted a fraction of overall TILs. CONCLUSIONS: Validated image analysis accurately enumerates CD8+ TILs, permitting comparisons of CD8 parameters among tumor regions, individual patients, and cancer types. It also enables the more complex digital solutions needed to better understand cancer immunity, like analysis of multiplex immunohistochemistry and spatial evaluation of the various components comprising the tumor microenvironment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01693562 . Study code: CD-ON-MEDI4736-1108. Interventional study (ongoing but not currently recruiting). Actual study start date: August 29, 2012. Primary completion date: June 23, 2017 (final data collection date for primary outcome measure). [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180311 [Lr] Last revision date: 180311 [St] Status: In-Data-Review [do] DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0326-x

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