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[PMID]: 29524883 [Au] Autor: Luo L; Gao Y; Yang C; Shao Z; Wu X; Li S; Xiong L; Chen C [Ad] Address: Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. [Ti] Title: Halofuginone attenuates intervertebral discs degeneration by suppressing collagen I production and inactivating TGFß and NF-кB pathway. [So] Source: Biomed Pharmacother;101:745-753, 2018 Mar 07. [Is] ISSN: 1950-6007 [Cp] Country of publication: France [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Most low back pain is caused by intervertebral discs (IVD) degeneration, a disease that prevalence is increasing with age. Halofuginone, an analog of ferbrifugine isolated from plant Dichroa febrifuga, has drawn much attention in recent years for the wide range of bioactivities in malaria, cancer, fibrotic and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we evaluated the benefit effects of halofuginone in IVD degeneration treatment in a validated rabbit puncture model. Halofuginone treatment could attenuate disc degeneration by suppressing the decrease of discs height and nucleus pulposus signal strength. Besides, halofuginone treatment could suppress mRNA and protein expression of collagen I in nucleus pulposus. This might possibly due to the inactivation of transform growth factor-ß (TGFß) signal pathway by down-regulating p-Samd3 and up-regulating inhibitory Smad7. Then, we evaluated the effects of halofuginone treatment on nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway and its downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines. The level of p-p65 and p-IκBα was down-regulated in halofuginone treated group, indicating the inactivation of NF-κB signal pathway. The mRNA expression of interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) was decreased in nucleus pulposus too, indicating the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, halofuginone treatment could attenuate IVD degeneration and this was possibly due to suppressing of collagen I production and inactivation of TGFß and NF-κB signal pathway in nucleus pulposus of degenerated discs. These results suggest that halofuginone has the potential for IVD degeneration treatment, but more research is needed to validate this. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180310 [Lr] Last revision date: 180310 [St] Status: Publisher

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[PMID]: 29524460 [Au] Autor: Gupta K; Phan N; Wang Q; Liu B [Ad] Address: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. [Ti] Title: Necroptosis in cardiovascular disease - a new therapeutic target. [So] Source: J Mol Cell Cardiol;, 2018 Mar 07. [Is] ISSN: 1095-8584 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Contrary to the apoptosis-necrosis binary view of cell death, recent experimental evidence demonstrates that several forms of necrosis, represented by necroptosis, are regulated or programmed in nature. Multiple death stimuli known to be associated with cardiovascular disease are capable of causing either apoptosis or necroptosis. Whether a cell dies from apoptosis or necroptosis has distinct consequences on inflammation. It is known that apoptosis, a non-lytic form of death mediated by the caspase family of proteases, does not generally evoke an immune response. Necroptosis, on the other hand, is a lytic form of cell death. Due to the rapid loss of plasma membrane integrity, cells dying from necroptosis release proinflammatory intracellular contents and subsequently cause inflammation. Our review delineates various genetic and biochemical evidence that demonstrates a compelling role of necroptosis in the pathogenesis and/or progression of cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and aortic aneurysm. Through recent studies of necroptosis in cardiovascular diseases, we attempt to discuss the role of necroptosis in vascular inflammation as well as the potential of necroptosis inhibitors in future clinical management of cardiovascular events. Inhibiting necroptosis in the vasculature has an overall protective role and necroptosis may represent a new therapeutic target to prevent the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180310 [Lr] Last revision date: 180310 [St] Status: Publisher

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[PMID]: 29515277 [Au] Autor: Olurishe CO; Kwanashie HO; Zezi AU; Danjuma NM; Mohammed B [Ad] Address: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. [Ti] Title: Sitagliptin- oleifera coadministration did not delay the progression nor ameliorated functional and morphological anomalies in alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy. [So] Source: Indian J Pharmacol;49(5):366-373, 2017 Sep-Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1998-3751 [Cp] Country of publication: India [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sitagliptin (ST) and (MO) Lam (Moringaceae) are used concomitantly by diabetic patients, with no study ascertaining for potential favorable or otherwise renal implications. We investigated the effect of coadministration of ST and MO leaf extract on functional and morphological biomarkers of alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diabetes was induced with a single dose of 150 mg/kg of alloxan intraperitoneally. Seven groups of eight rats per group were used, with Groups I, II, and VII as normal (NS), diabetic control (DC), and postprandial controls. Groups III, IV, V, and VI were diabetic rats on ST, MO, ST and MO (SM), for 42 days with 2 weeks delayed treatment in a postprandial hyperglycemic group (PPSM), respectively. Serum urea, albumin, electrolyte levels, lipid profile, and kidney tropism were determined in addition to histological examinations. RESULTS: There was a significant increase ( < 0.05) in kidney tropism comparing all drug-treated groups and DC to normal rats. Significant increases in serum urea were observed ( = 0.02) in DC, MO-treated, and SM-treated rats compared to normal rats and also in serum triglyceride ( < 0.05) in MO-treated and SM-treated rats compared to controls and other drug-treated groups. A mild reduction in severity of pathologic lesions was observed (glomerulosclerosis Grade 1) in SM-treated rats compared to a marked necrosis in DC (Grade 3). CONCLUSION: The coadministration of ST-MO did not delay the progression of functional anomalies and renal injury nor ameliorated the lesions associated with chronic DN in Wistar rats. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180311 [Lr] Last revision date: 180311 [St] Status: In-Data-Review [do] DOI: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_832_16

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[PMID]: 29515113 [Au] Autor: Sullivan GP; Henry CM; Clancy DM; Mametnabiev T; Belotcerkovskaya E; Davidovich P; Sura-Trueba S; Garabadzhiu AV; Martin SJ [Ad] Address: Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Ti] Title: Suppressing IL-36-driven inflammation using peptide pseudosubstrates for neutrophil proteases. [So] Source: Cell Death Dis;9(3):378, 2018 Mar 07. [Is] ISSN: 2041-4889 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Sterile inflammation is initiated by molecules released from necrotic cells, called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Members of the extended IL-1 cytokine family are important DAMPs, are typically only released through necrosis, and require limited proteolytic processing for activation. The IL-1 family cytokines, IL-36α, IL-36ß, and IL-36γ, are expressed as inactive precursors and have been implicated as key initiators of psoriatic-type skin inflammation. We have recently found that IL-36 family cytokines are proteolytically processed and activated by the neutrophil granule-derived proteases, elastase, and cathepsin G. Inhibitors of IL-36 processing may therefore have utility as anti-inflammatory agents through suppressing activation of the latter cytokines. We have identified peptide-based pseudosubstrates for cathepsin G and elastase, based on optimal substrate cleavage motifs, which can antagonize activation of all three IL-36 family cytokines by the latter proteases. Human psoriatic skin plaques displayed elevated IL-36ß processing activity that could be antagonized by peptide pseudosubstrates specific for cathepsin G. Thus, antagonists of neutrophil-derived proteases may have therapeutic potential for blocking activation of IL-36 family cytokines in inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180311 [Lr] Last revision date: 180311 [St] Status: In-Data-Review [do] DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0385-4

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[PMID]: 29515106 [Au] Autor: Xie X; Zhou W; Hu Y; Chen Y; Zhang H; Li Y [Ad] Address: Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China. [Ti] Title: A dual-function epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8)-derived peptide exhibits a potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte-activating effect and a specific inhibitory activity. [So] Source: Cell Death Dis;9(3):379, 2018 Mar 07. [Is] ISSN: 2041-4889 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: The identification and characterization of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that generate specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are vital to the development of cancer immunotherapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway substrate 8 gene (Eps8) is involved in regulating cancer progression and might be an ideal antigen. In this study, we searched for novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*2402-restricted epitopes derived from the Eps8 protein via the HLA-binding prediction algorithm. Among four candidates, peptides 327 (EFLDCFQKF), 534 (KYAKSKYDF) and 755 (LFSLNKDEL) induced peptide-specific CTLs to secrete higher levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and showed enhanced cytotoxic activity against malignant cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that peptide-specific CTLs showed effective antitumor responses, including upregulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), granzyme B and perforin. Treatment with peptide-sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) significantly reduced the tumor growth in vivo compared with the non-peptide-sensitized PBMC treatment. Importantly, our results indicated that peptide 327 may interfere with EGFR signaling by mechanistically disrupting Eps8/EGFR complex formation. We extended this observation that peptide 327 also suppressed the viability of cancer cells, blocked EGFR signal pathway and reduced the expression of downstream targets. Notably, conjugation of peptide 327 to the TAT sequence (TAT-327) resulted in potent antitumor activity and selective insertion into cancer cell membranes, where it adopted a punctate distribution. Furthermore, peptide 327 and TAT-327 displayed anticancer properties in xenograft models. Our results indicated that 327, 534 and 755 were novel HLA-A*2402-restricted epitopes from Eps8. By inhibiting the Eps8/EGFR interaction, peptide 327 and TAT-327 may serve as novel peptide inhibitors, which could provide an innovative approach for treating various cancers. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180311 [Lr] Last revision date: 180311 [St] Status: In-Data-Review [do] DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0420-5

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[PMID]: 29510134 [Au] Autor: Adler DG [Ad] Address: Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. [Ti] Title: Primary Endoscopic Therapy Should be Preferred Over Surgery for Patients With Infected Pancreatic Necrosis. [So] Source: Gastroenterology;, 2018 Mar 03. [Is] ISSN: 1528-0012 [Cp] Country of publication: United States [La] Language: eng [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180310 [Lr] Last revision date: 180310 [St] Status: Publisher

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[PMID]: 29506556 [Au] Autor: Zhu J; Jin M; Wang J; Zhang H; Wu Y; Li D; Ji X; Yang H; Yin C; Ren T; Xing J [Ad] Address: State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China. [Ti] Title: TNFα induces Ca influx to accelerate extrinsic apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. [So] Source: J Exp Clin Cancer Res;37(1):43, 2018 Mar 05. [Is] ISSN: 1756-9966 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-α has been proven an effective anticancer agent in preclinical studies. However, the translation of TNFα from research to clinic has been blocked by significant systemic toxicity and limited efficacy at maximal tolerated dose, which need urgently to be solved. METHODS: The level of cytosolic Ca was assessed by Fura-2 in HCC cells. After changing cytosolic Ca level by using agonists or inhibitors, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. We also detected the effect of ionomycin or parvalbumin on the anti-tumor activity of TNFα in a mice model. Lastly, we studied the roles of cytosolic Ca in the mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway. RESULTS: Here, we demonstrated that TNFα induced extracellular Ca influx into cytoplasm through transient receptor potential channel in HCC cells. Both cytosolic Ca scavenger and Ca -binding protein PV effectively desensitized hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TNFα, whereas combination ionomycin or 1,4,5-inositol triphosphate significantly sensitized HCC cells to TNFα, indicating that the increased level of cytosolic Ca was positively correlated with the TNFα-induced cell apoptosis in vitro. In a nude mice xenograft model, our data revealed that TNFα combined with ionomycin remarkably synergized the anti-tumor effect of TNFα. Furthermore, we found that TNFα-mediated extracellular Ca influx accelerated TNFα-induced extrinsic apoptosis through activating calpain/IAP/caspase3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides the evidence supporting a novel mechanism by which TNFα induces extracellular Ca influx to enhance cell apoptosis and suggests that increasing the level of cytosolic Ca might be an alternative strategy to improve the pro-apoptotic activity of TNFα in HCC cells, although suitable chemical or biological reagents need to be further tested. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180311 [Lr] Last revision date: 180311 [St] Status: In-Data-Review [do] DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0714-6

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[PMID]: 29496525 [Au] Autor: Mubaraki MA; Dkhil MA; Hafiz TA; Khalil MF; Al-Shaebi EM; Delic D; Elshaikh K; Al-Quraishy S [Ad] Address: Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. [Ti] Title: Vitamin D receptor regulates intestinal inflammatory response in mice infected with blood stage malaria. [So] Source: Microb Pathog;117:299-303, 2018 Feb 26. [Is] ISSN: 1096-1208 [Cp] Country of publication: England [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Malaria is a harmful disease affecting both tropical and subtropical countries and causing sometimes fatal complications. The effects of malaria-related complications on the intestine have been relatively neglected, and the reasons for the intestinal damage caused by malaria infection are not yet clear. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of intestinal vitamin D receptor on host-pathogen interactions during malaria induced in mice by Plasmodium chabaudi. To induce the infection, animals were infected with 10 P. chabaudi-parasitized erythrocytes. Mice were sacrificed on day 8 post-infection. The infected mice experienced a significant body weight loss and parasitaemia affecting about 46% of RBCs. Infection caused marked pathological changes in the intestinal tissue indicated by shortening of the intestine and villi. Moreover, the phagocytic activity of macrophages increased significantly (P < 0.01) in the infected villi compared to the non-infected ones. Infection by the parasite also induced marked upregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Vitamin D Receptor, interleukin-1ß, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma-mRNA. It can be implied from this that vitamin D receptor has a role in regulating malarial infection. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180310 [Lr] Last revision date: 180310 [St] Status: Publisher

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[PMID]: 29488037 [Au] Autor: Li WJ; Xu C; Wang K; Li TY; Wang XN; Yang H; Xing T; Li WX; Chen YH; Gao H; Ding L [Ad] Address: The Cancer Center of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China. [Ti] Title: Severe Intestinal Inflammation in the Small Intestine of Mice Induced by Controllable Deletion of Claudin-7. [So] Source: Dig Dis Sci;, 2018 Feb 27. [Is] ISSN: 1573-2568 [Cp] Country of publication: United States [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a potential tumor suppressor gene, Claudin-7 (Cldn7), which is a component of tight junctions, may play an important role in colorectal cancer occurrence and development. AIMS: To generate a knockout mouse model of inducible conditional Cldn7 in the intestine and analyze the phenotype of the mice after induction with tamoxifen. METHODS: We constructed Cldn7-flox transgenic mice and crossed them with Villin-CreERT2 mice. The Cldn7 inducible conditional knockout mice appeared normal and were well developed at birth. We induced Cldn7 gene deletion by injecting different dosages of tamoxifen into the mice and then conducted a further phenotypic analysis. RESULTS: After induction for 5 days in succession at a dose of 200 µl tamoxifen in sunflower oil at 10 mg/ml per mouse every time, the mice appeared dehydrated, had a lower temperature, and displayed inactivity or death. The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the intestines of the Cldn7 inducible conditional knockout mice had severe intestinal defects that included epithelial cell sloughing, necrosis, inflammation and hyperplasia. Owing to the death of ICKO mice, we adjusted the dose of tamoxifen to a dose of 100 µl in sunflower oil at 10 mg/ml per mouse (aged more than 8 weeks old) every 4 days. And we could induce atypical hyperplasia and adenoma in the intestine. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that the intestinal epithelial structure was destroyed. Electron microscopy experimental analysis indicated that the intercellular gap along the basolateral membrane of Cldn7 inducible conditional knockout mice in the intestine was increased and that contact between the cells and matrix was loosened. CONCLUSIONS: We generated a model of intestinal Cldn7 inducible conditional knockout mice. Intestinal Cldn7 deletion induced by tamoxifen initiated inflammation and hyperplasia in mice. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1803 [Cu] Class update date: 180311 [Lr] Last revision date: 180311 [St] Status: Publisher [do] DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-4973-z

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[PMID]: 29477696 [Au] Autor: Chen SX; Liao GJ; Yao PW; Wang SK; Li YY; Zeng WA; Liu XG; Zang Y [Ad] Address: Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative, Innovation Cente [Ti] Title: Calpain-2 Regulates TNF-α Expression Associated with Neuropathic Pain Following Motor Nerve Injury. [So] Source: Neuroscience;376:142-151, 2018 Feb 23. [Is] ISSN: 1873-7544 [Cp] Country of publication: United States [La] Language: eng [Ab] Abstract: Both calpain-2 (CALP2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) contribute to persistent bilateral hypersensitivity in animals subjected to L5 ventral root transection (L5-VRT), a model of selective motor fiber injury without sensory nerve damage. However, specific upstream mechanisms regulating TNF-α overexpression and possible relationships linking CALP2 and TNF-α have not yet been investigated in this model. We examined changes in CALP2 and TNF-α protein levels and alterations in bilateral mechanical threshold within 24 h following L5-VRT model injury. We observed robust elevation of CALP2 and TNF-α in bilateral dorsal root ganglias (DRGs) and bilateral spinal cord neurons. CALP2 and TNF-α protein induction by L5-VRT were significantly inhibited by pretreatment using the calpain inhibitor MDL28170. Administration of CALP2 to rats without nerve injury further supported a role of CALP2 in the regulation of TNF-α expression. Although clinical trials of calpain inhibition therapy for alleviation of neuropathic pain induced by motor nerve injury have not yet shown success, our observations linking CALP2 and TNF-α provide a framework of a systems' approach based perspective for treating neuropathic pain. [Pt] Publication type: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Entry month: 1802 [Cu] Class update date: 180310 [Lr] Last revision date: 180310 [St] Status: Publisher

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