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[PMID]: 28747424 [Au] Autor: Schwartz C; Khan AR; Floudas A; Saunders SP; Hams E; Rodewald HR; McKenzie ANJ; Fallon PG [Ad] Endereço: Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [Ti] Título: ILC2s regulate adaptive Th2 cell functions via PD-L1 checkpoint control. [So] Source: J Exp Med;214(9):2507-2521, 2017 Sep 04. [Is] ISSN: 1540-9538 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important effector cells driving the initiation of type 2 immune responses leading to adaptive T helper 2 (Th2) immunity. Here we show that ILC2s dynamically express the checkpoint inhibitor molecule PD-L1 during type 2 pulmonary responses. Surprisingly, PD-L1:PD-1 interaction between ILC2s and CD4 T cells did not inhibit the T cell response, but PD-L1-expressing ILC2s stimulated increased expression of GATA3 and production of IL-13 by Th2 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conditional deletion of PD-L1 on ILC2s impaired early Th2 polarization and cytokine production, leading to delayed worm expulsion during infection with the gastrointestinal helminth Our results identify a novel PD-L1-controlled mechanism for type 2 polarization, with ILC2s mediating an innate checkpoint to control adaptive T helper responses, which has important implications for the treatment of type 2 inflammation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antígeno B7-H1/fisiologia Linfócitos/fisiologia Células Th2/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Imunidade Adaptativa/imunologia Imunidade Adaptativa/fisiologia Animais Antígeno B7-H1/imunologia Fator de Transcrição GATA3/fisiologia Imunidade Celular/imunologia Imunidade Celular/fisiologia Interleucina-13/fisiologia Linfócitos/imunologia Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Nippostrongylus/imunologia Infecções por Strongylida/imunologia Células Th2/imunologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (B7-H1 Antigen); 0 (Cd274 protein, mouse); 0 (GATA3 Transcription Factor); 0 (Gata3 protein, mouse); 0 (Interleukin-13) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170728 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170051

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[PMID]: 29258532 [Au] Autor: Grandi G; Lind EO; Schaper R; Ågren E; Schnyder M [Ad] Endereço: Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Ulls väg 2B, SE-756 51, Uppsala, Sweden. giulio.grandi@slu.se. [Ti] Título: Canine angiostrongylosis in Sweden: a nationwide seroepidemiological survey by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and a summary of five-year diagnostic activity (2011-2015). [So] Source: Acta Vet Scand;59(1):85, 2017 Dec 19. [Is] ISSN: 1751-0147 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: For the first time in Sweden, Angiostrongylus vasorum was detected on the island of Sydkoster in foxes and dogs in 2003. After sporadic detection of the parasite in foxes in southern Sweden, the first positive canine faecal sample on the mainland was found in 2011. Since then a total of 2882 faecal samples have been analysed with the Baermann test at the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) during the years 2011-2015; 20 of them being positive. Contemporaneously, of over 525 fox necropsies, only three were found to be infected. To gather a more accurate knowledge of A. vasorum occurrence in Sweden, a large scale seroepidemiological survey was performed and totally 3885 serum samples from dogs were tested for both the presence of circulating antigens and of specific antibodies to A. vasorum. RESULTS: In total, 0.10% (n = 4, 95% Confidence Intervals, CI 0.03-0.26%) of the dogs were positive for both antigen and antibodies, whereas 0.51% (n = 20, CI 0.31-0.79%) of the tested dogs were only antigen positive and 0.88% (n = 34, CI 0.61-1.22%) only positive for specific antibodies. Seropositive animals, as well as the majority of A. vasorum-positive faecal samples tested during the same period, were spread over central and southern Sweden. Annual prevalence of positive faecal dog samples and of necropsied A. vasorum positive foxes (coming from southern Sweden) varied from 0.3 to 0.9% (overall: 0.7%, CI 0.4-1.1%) and 0.0 to 1.4% (overall: 0.3%, CI 0.1-0.9%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirmed that A. vasorum has become established in various geographical areas of central and southern Sweden. Veterinarians and dog owners should be aware of the potential risks of infection in large areas of the country, since canine angiostrongylosis may be a fatal disease if left untreated. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária Infecções por Strongylida/veterinária [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Angiostrongylus Animais Doenças do Cão/parasitologia Cães Fezes/parasitologia Raposas/parasitologia Estudos Soroepidemiológicos Infecções por Strongylida/epidemiologia Suécia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180202 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180202 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171221 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0351-7

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[PMID]: 29252992 [Au] Autor: Jarvi SI; Quarta S; Jacquier S; Howe K; Bicakci D; Dasalla C; Lovesy N; Snook K; McHugh R; Niebuhr CN [Ad] Endereço: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America. [Ti] Título: High prevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) on eastern Hawai'i Island: A closer look at life cycle traits and patterns of infection in wild rats (Rattus spp.). [So] Source: PLoS One;12(12):e0189458, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic pathogen and the etiological agent of human angiostrongyliasis or rat lungworm disease. Hawai'i, particularly east Hawai'i Island, is the epicenter for angiostrongyliasis in the USA. Rats (Rattus spp.) are the definitive hosts while gastropods are intermediate hosts. The main objective of this study was to collect adult A. cantonensis from wild rats to isolate protein for the development of a blood-based diagnostic, in the process we evaluated the prevalence of infection in wild rats. A total of 545 wild rats were sampled from multiple sites in the South Hilo District of east Hawai'i Island. Adult male and female A. cantonensis (3,148) were collected from the hearts and lungs of humanely euthanized Rattus rattus, and R. exulans. Photomicrography and documentation of multiple stages of this parasitic nematode in situ were recorded. A total of 45.5% (197/433) of rats inspected had lung lobe(s) (mostly upper right) which appeared granular indicating this lobe may serve as a filter for worm passage to the rest of the lung. Across Rattus spp., 72.7% (396/545) were infected with adult worms, but 93.9% (512/545) of the rats were positive for A. cantonensis infection based on presence of live adult worms, encysted adult worms, L3 larvae and/or by PCR analysis of brain tissue. In R. rattus we observed an inverse correlation with increased body mass and infection level of adult worms, and a direct correlation between body mass and encysted adult worms in the lung tissue, indicating that larger (older) rats may have developed a means of clearing infections or regulating the worm burden upon reinfection. The exceptionally high prevalence of A. cantonensis infection in Rattus spp. in east Hawai'i Island is cause for concern and indicates the potential for human infection with this emerging zoonosis is greater than previously thought. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Angiostrongylus cantonensis/fisiologia Ratos/parasitologia Infecções por Strongylida/veterinária [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Feminino Geografia Hawaii/epidemiologia Ilhas Estágios do Ciclo de Vida Modelos Lineares Masculino Prevalência Artéria Pulmonar/parasitologia Infecções por Strongylida/epidemiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180108 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180108 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171219 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189458

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[PMID]: 29045903 [Au] Autor: Osbourn M; Soares DC; Vacca F; Cohen ES; Scott IC; Gregory WF; Smyth DJ; Toivakka M; Kemter AM; le Bihan T; Wear M; Hoving D; Filbey KJ; Hewitson JP; Henderson H; Gonzàlez-Cìscar A; Errington C; Vermeren S; Astier AL; Wallace WA; Schwarze J; Ivens AC; Maizels RM; McSorley HJ [Ad] Endereço: MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK. [Ti] Título: HpARI Protein Secreted by a Helminth Parasite Suppresses Interleukin-33. [So] Source: Immunity;47(4):739-751.e5, 2017 Oct 17. [Is] ISSN: 1097-4180 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Infection by helminth parasites is associated with amelioration of allergic reactivity, but mechanistic insights into this association are lacking. Products secreted by the mouse parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus suppress type 2 (allergic) immune responses through interference in the interleukin-33 (IL-33) pathway. Here, we identified H. polygyrus Alarmin Release Inhibitor (HpARI), an IL-33-suppressive 26-kDa protein, containing three predicted complement control protein (CCP) modules. In vivo, recombinant HpARI abrogated IL-33, group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) and eosinophilic responses to Alternaria allergen administration, and diminished eosinophilic responses to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, increasing parasite burden. HpARI bound directly to both mouse and human IL-33 (in the cytokine's activated state) and also to nuclear DNA via its N-terminal CCP module pair (CCP1/2), tethering active IL-33 within necrotic cells, preventing its release, and forestalling initiation of type 2 allergic responses. Thus, HpARI employs a novel molecular strategy to suppress type 2 immunity in both infection and allergy. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Proteínas de Helminto/imunologia Interleucina-33/imunologia Nematospiroides dubius/imunologia Infecções por Strongylida/imunologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Alérgenos/imunologia Alternaria/imunologia Sequência de Aminoácidos Animais Western Blotting Eosinófilos/imunologia Proteínas de Helminto/genética Proteínas de Helminto/metabolismo Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/imunologia Seres Humanos Imunidade Inata/imunologia Interleucina-33/genética Interleucina-33/metabolismo Linfócitos/imunologia Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Camundongos Knockout Nematospiroides dubius/genética Nematospiroides dubius/metabolismo Ligação Proteica/imunologia Receptores de Interleucina/imunologia Receptores de Interleucina/metabolismo Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos Infecções por Strongylida/metabolismo Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Allergens); 0 (Helminth Proteins); 0 (Interleukin-33); 0 (Receptors, Interleukin); 0 (interleukin-33 receptor, mouse) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171106 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171106 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171019 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29045902 [Au] Autor: Minutti CM; Drube S; Blair N; Schwartz C; McCrae JC; McKenzie AN; Kamradt T; Mokry M; Coffer PJ; Sibilia M; Sijts AJ; Fallon PG; Maizels RM; Zaiss DM [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FL Edinburgh, UK. [Ti] Título: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression Licenses Type-2 Helper T Cells to Function in a T Cell Receptor-Independent Fashion. [So] Source: Immunity;47(4):710-722.e6, 2017 Oct 17. [Is] ISSN: 1097-4180 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Gastro-intestinal helminth infections trigger the release of interleukin-33 (IL-33), which induces type-2 helper T cells (Th2 cells) at the site of infection to produce IL-13, thereby contributing to host resistance in a T cell receptor (TCR)-independent manner. Here, we show that, as a prerequisite for IL-33-induced IL-13 secretion, Th2 cells required the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and of its ligand, amphiregulin, for the formation of a signaling complex between T1/ST2 (the IL-33R) and EGFR. This shared signaling complex allowed IL-33 to induce the EGFR-mediated activation of the MAP-kinase signaling pathway and consequently the expression of IL-13. Lack of EGFR expression on T cells abrogated IL-13 expression in infected tissues and impaired host resistance. EGFR expression on Th2 cells was TCR-signaling dependent, and therefore, our data reveal a mechanism by which antigen presentation controls the innate effector function of Th2 cells at the site of inflammation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Interleucina-13/imunologia Interleucina-33/imunologia Receptor do Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/imunologia Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/imunologia Células Th2/imunologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Anfirregulina/imunologia Anfirregulina/metabolismo Animais Linhagem Celular Células Cultivadas Expressão Gênica/genética Expressão Gênica/imunologia Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos Células HEK293 Seres Humanos Interleucina-13/genética Interleucina-13/metabolismo Interleucina-33/genética Interleucina-33/metabolismo Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/imunologia Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Camundongos Knockout Camundongos Transgênicos Nematospiroides dubius/imunologia Nematospiroides dubius/fisiologia Nocardia/imunologia Nocardia/fisiologia Nocardiose/imunologia Nocardiose/metabolismo Nocardiose/microbiologia Receptor do Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/genética Receptor do Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/metabolismo Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/metabolismo Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa Infecções por Strongylida/imunologia Infecções por Strongylida/metabolismo Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia Células Th2/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Amphiregulin); 0 (Interleukin-13); 0 (Interleukin-33); 0 (Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell); EC 2.7.10.1 (Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171106 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171106 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171019 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28942048 [Au] Autor: Falsone L; Colella V; Napoli E; Brianti E; Otranto D [Ad] Endereço: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata 98168 Messina, Italy. [Ti] Título: The cockroach Periplaneta americana as a potential paratenic host of the lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. [So] Source: Exp Parasitol;182:54-57, 2017 Nov. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2449 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: INTRODUCTION: Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is a well-known nematode affecting the respiratory system of felids worldwide. Snails and slugs act as intermediate hosts of this parasite, whereas rodents, birds and reptiles may serve as paratenic hosts. Periplaneta americana, the American brown cockroach, shares the same habitat and ecological features (e.g. nocturnal activity) with both snails and cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of P. americana to maintain alive A. abstrusus third stage larvae (L3s) after artificial inoculation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five specimens of P. americana were infected with 100 A. abstrusus L3s collected from experimentally infected Cornu aspersum snails, whereas five specimens were used as control group. After the infection, cockroaches were maintained in individual plastic boxes until dissection for the presence of L3s at 1 (T1), 5 (T5), 10 (T10), 15 (T15), and 20 (T20) days post-infection. RESULTS: Except for T15, alive A. abstrusus L3s (n = 63) were found at all time-points, being 26, 19, 16 and 2 L3s retrieved at T1, T5, T10 and T20, respectively. Eleven (17.4%) L3s were found within the digestive tract, 10 (15.9%) in other-than-digestive organs and 42 (66.7%) in the exoskeleton and associated tissues. Nine out of the twenty-five experimentally inoculated cockroaches (36%) died soon after the artificial infection (T1), while in the control group, two out of the five (40%) died before the end of the study (T15) with no difference in the mortality rate between groups. DISCUSSION: Results of this study suggest that P. americana could act as a paratenic host of A. abstrusus. Periplaneta americana cockroaches, have a ubiquitous distribution and may be preyed by cats, representing a potential source of infection to cats living in endemic areas. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Doenças do Gato/parasitologia Insetos Vetores/parasitologia Metastrongyloidea/fisiologia Periplaneta/parasitologia Infecções por Strongylida/veterinária [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Doenças do Gato/transmissão Gatos Fezes/parasitologia Metastrongyloidea/crescimento & desenvolvimento Caramujos/parasitologia Infecções por Strongylida/transmissão [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171031 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171031 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170925 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28938014 [Au] Autor: Pastille E; Frede A; McSorley HJ; Gräb J; Adamczyk A; Kollenda S; Hansen W; Epple M; Buer J; Maizels RM; Klopfleisch R; Westendorf AM [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. [Ti] Título: Intestinal helminth infection drives carcinogenesis in colitis-associated colon cancer. [So] Source: PLoS Pathog;13(9):e1006649, 2017 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1553-7374 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, strongly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer development. Parasitic infections caused by helminths have been shown to modulate the host's immune response by releasing immunomodulatory molecules and inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs). This immunosuppressive state provoked in the host has been considered as a novel and promising approach to treat IBD patients and alleviate acute intestinal inflammation. On the contrary, specific parasite infections are well known to be directly linked to carcinogenesis. Whether a helminth infection interferes with the development of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) is not yet known. In the present study, we demonstrate that the treatment of mice with the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus at the onset of tumor progression in a mouse model of CAC does not alter tumor growth and distribution. In contrast, H. polygyrus infection in the early inflammatory phase of CAC strengthens the inflammatory response and significantly boosts tumor development. Here, H. polygyrus infection was accompanied by long-lasting alterations in the colonic immune cell compartment, with reduced frequencies of colonic CD8+ effector T cells. Moreover, H. polygyrus infection in the course of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mediated colitis significantly exacerbates intestinal inflammation by amplifying the release of colonic IL-6 and CXCL1. Thus, our findings indicate that the therapeutic application of helminths during CAC might have tumor-promoting effects and therefore should be well-considered. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Colite/complicações Neoplasias do Colo/etiologia Helmintíase/complicações Enteropatias Parasitárias/complicações Infecções por Strongylida/complicações [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Carcinogênese/imunologia Modelos Animais de Doenças Feminino Citometria de Fluxo Helmintíase/imunologia Enteropatias Parasitárias/imunologia Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C Nematospiroides dubius Infecções por Strongylida/imunologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171022 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171022 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170923 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006649

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[PMID]: 28822203 [Au] Autor: Demiaszkiewicz AW; Filip KJ; Pyziel AM [Ad] Endereço: W. Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland [Ti] Título: The first report of Aelurostrongylus falciformis (Schlegel, 1933) (Nematoda, Metastrongyloidea) in badger (Meles meles) in Poland [So] Source: Ann Parasitol;63(2):117-120, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 2299-0631 [Cp] País de publicação: Poland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Aelurostrongylus falciformis belongs to the superfamily of Metastrongyloidea. This nematode occurs in European badgers and locates in lungs, in respiratory tract. Numerous species of land snails are intermediate hosts of the parasite. In 2015, parasitological necropsy of 9 badgers, shot in the Forest District Gleboki Bród in Augustowska Primeval Forest, was performed. Two examined animals were infected with nematodes A. falciformis. In the lungs of each badger two specimens of nematodes were detected (male and female). In the following article, description, morphometrical data and figures are presented. This is the first report of A. falciformis infection in badgers in Poland. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Metastrongyloidea Mustelidae/parasitologia Infecções por Strongylida/veterinária [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Feminino Masculino Metastrongyloidea/anatomia & histologia Polônia/epidemiologia Infecções por Strongylida/epidemiologia Infecções por Strongylida/patologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171017 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171017 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170820 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.17420/ap6302.94

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[PMID]: 28803904 [Au] Autor: Gao JF; Liu GH; Duan H; Gao Y; Zhang Y; Chang QC; Fang M; Wang CR [Ad] Endereço: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China; Department of Parasitology, Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, PR China. Electronic address: gaojunfeng_2005 [Ti] Título: Complete mitochondrial genomes of Triodontophorus serratus and Triodontophorus nipponicus, and their comparison with Triodontophorus brevicauda. [So] Source: Exp Parasitol;181:88-93, 2017 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2449 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Triodontophorus serratus and Triodontophorus nipponicus are two of the most common nematodes inhabiting in the large intestine of horse. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences of T. serratus and T. nipponicus have been determined. The mt genomes of T. serratus and T. nipponicus are circular molecules with 13,794 bp and 13,701 bp in size, respectively. These circular mt genomes encode 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes. All of these genes are transcribed in the same direction and gene arrangements are consistent with that of gene arrangement 3 (GA3-type). T. serratus and T. nipponicus had two non-coding regions, but T. brevicauda had three. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using concatenated amino acid sequences of the 12 protein-coding genes with three methods, indicating that three species of Triodontophorus clustered together with strong statistical support. However, the genera of Strongylus and Triodontophorus belonged to Strongylinae do not cluster together, and Triodontophorus is more closely related to Cylicocyclus insigne, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus goldi (Cyathostominae) than to Strongylus. The findings from the present study provide useful genetic markers for studying the molecular ecology, systematics, and population genetics of Triodontophorus in equine. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Genoma Mitocondrial Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia Infecções por Strongylida/veterinária Strongyloidea/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Composição de Bases Ceco/parasitologia Colo/parasitologia DNA de Helmintos/química DNA Mitocondrial/química Ordem dos Genes Genoma Mitocondrial/genética Cavalos Filogenia Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia Strongyloidea/classificação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (DNA, Helminth); 0 (DNA, Mitochondrial) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170920 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170920 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170815 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28759611 [Au] Autor: Kannan Y; Entwistle LJ; Pelly VS; Perez-Lloret J; Walker AW; Ley SC; Wilson MS [Ad] Endereço: Allergy and Anti-helminth Immunity Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom. [Ti] Título: TPL-2 restricts Ccl24-dependent immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus. [So] Source: PLoS Pathog;13(7):e1006536, 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1553-7374 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: TPL-2 (COT, MAP3K8) kinase activates the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway in innate immune responses following TLR, TNFR1 and IL-1R stimulation. TPL-2 contributes to type-1/Th17-mediated autoimmunity and control of intracellular pathogens. We recently demonstrated TPL-2 reduces severe airway allergy to house dust mite by negatively regulating type-2 responses. In the present study, we found that TPL-2 deficiency resulted in resistance to Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection, with accelerated worm expulsion, reduced fecal egg burden and reduced worm fitness. Using co-housing experiments, we found resistance to infection in TPL-2 deficient mice (Map3k8-/-) was independent of microbiota alterations in H. polygyrus infected WT and Map3k8-/-mice. Additionally, our data demonstrated immunity to H. polygyrus infection in TPL-2 deficient mice was not due to dysregulated type-2 immune responses. Genome-wide analysis of intestinal tissue from infected TPL-2-deficient mice identified elevated expression of genes involved in chemotaxis and homing of leukocytes and cells, including Ccl24 and alternatively activated genes. Indeed, Map3k8-/-mice had a significant influx of eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes and Il4GFP+ T cells. Conditional knockout experiments demonstrated that specific deletion of TPL-2 in CD11c+ cells, but not Villin+ epithelial cells, LysM+ myeloid cells or CD4+ T cells, led to accelerated resistance to H. polygyrus. In line with a central role of CD11c+ cells, CD11c+ CD11b+ cells isolated from TPL-2-deficient mice had elevated Ccl24. Finally, Ccl24 neutralization in TPL-2 deficient mice significantly decreased the expression of Arg1, Retnla, Chil3 and Ear11 correlating with a loss of resistance to H. polygyrus. These observations suggest that TPL-2-regulated Ccl24 in CD11c+CD11b+ cells prevents accelerated type-2 mediated immunity to H. polygyrus. Collectively, this study identifies a previously unappreciated role for TPL-2 controlling immune responses to H. polygyrus infection by restricting Ccl24 production. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Quimiocina CCL24/imunologia MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/imunologia Nematospiroides dubius/imunologia Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/imunologia Infecções por Strongylida/imunologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Quimiocina CCL24/genética Feminino Seres Humanos Imunidade Inata MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/genética Masculino Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Camundongos Knockout Nematospiroides dubius/genética Nematospiroides dubius/fisiologia Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética Infecções por Strongylida/enzimologia Infecções por Strongylida/genética Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia Células Th2/imunologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Ccl24 protein, mouse); 0 (Chemokine CCL24); 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins); EC 2.7.11.25 (MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases); EC 2.7.11.25 (Map3k8 protein, mouse) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170918 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170918 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170801 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006536

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