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[PMID]: 23185623 [Au] Autor: Ludynia K; Dehnhard N; Poisbleau M; Demongin L; Masello JF; Quillfeldt P [Ad] Endereço: Max-Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Radolfzell, Germany. kludynia@gmail.com [Ti] Título: Evaluating the impact of handling and logger attachment on foraging parameters and physiology in southern rockhopper penguins. [So] Source: PLoS One;7(11):e50429, 2012. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Logger technology has revolutionised our knowledge of the behaviour and physiology of free-living animals but handling and logger attachments may have negative effects on the behaviour of the animals and their welfare. We studied southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) females during the guard stage in three consecutive breeding seasons (2008/09-2010/11) to evaluate the effects of handling and logger attachment on foraging trip duration, dive behaviour and physiological parameters. Smaller dive loggers (TDRs) were used in 2010/11 for comparison to larger GPS data loggers used in all three seasons and we included two categories of control birds: handled controls and PIT control birds that were previously marked with passive integrative transponders (PITs), but which had not been handled during this study. Increased foraging trip duration was only observed in GPS birds during 2010/11, the breeding season in which we also found GPS birds foraging further away from the colony and travelling longer distances. Compared to previous breeding seasons, 2010/11 may have been a period with less favourable environmental conditions, which would enhance the impact of logger attachments. A comparison between GPS and TDR birds showed a significant difference in dive depth frequencies with birds carrying larger GPS data loggers diving shallower. Mean and maximum dive depths were similar between GPS and TDR birds. We measured little impact of logger attachments on physiological parameters (corticosterone, protein, triglyceride levels and leucocyte counts). Overall, handling and short-term logger attachments (1-3 days) showed limited impact on the behaviour and physiology of the birds but care must be taken with the size of data loggers on diving seabirds. Increased drag may alter their diving behaviour substantially, thus constraining them in their ability to catch prey. Results obtained in this study indicate that data recorded may also not represent their normal dive behaviour. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Migração Animal/fisiologia Mergulho Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação Reprodução/fisiologia Spheniscidae/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo Corticosterona/sangue Metabolismo Energético Feminino Contagem de Leucócitos Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos Oceanos e Mares Estações do Ano Triglicerídeos/sangue [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Blood Proteins); 0 (Triglycerides); 50-22-6 (Corticosterone) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 121127 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050429

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[PMID]: 23185608 [Au] Autor: Watanabe S; Sato K; Ponganis PJ [Ad] Endereço: Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan. watanabe@ma.fuma.fukuyama-u.ac.jp [Ti] Título: Activity time budget during foraging trips of emperor penguins. [So] Source: PLoS One;7(11):e50357, 2012. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: We developed an automated method using depth and one axis of body acceleration data recorded by animal-borne data loggers to identify activities of penguins over long-term deployments. Using this technique, we evaluated the activity time budget of emperor penguins (n = 10) both in water and on sea ice during foraging trips in chick-rearing season. During the foraging trips, emperor penguins alternated dive bouts (4.8 ± 4.5 h) and rest periods on sea ice (2.5 ± 2.3 h). After recorder deployment and release near the colony, the birds spent 17.9 ± 8.4% of their time traveling until they reached the ice edge. Once at the ice edge, they stayed there more than 4 hours before the first dive. After the first dive, the mean proportions of time spent on the ice and in water were 30.8 ± 7.4% and 69.2 ± 7.4%, respectively. When in the water, they spent 67.9 ± 3.1% of time making dives deeper than 5 m. Dive activity had no typical diurnal pattern for individual birds. While in the water between dives, the birds had short resting periods (1.2 ± 1.7 min) and periods of swimming at depths shallower than 5 m (0.25 ± 0.38 min). When the birds were on the ice, they primarily used time for resting (90.3 ± 4.1% of time) and spent only 9.7 ± 4.1% of time traveling. Thus, it appears that, during foraging trips at sea, emperor penguins traveled during dives >5 m depth, and that sea ice was primarily used for resting. Sea ice probably provides refuge from natural predators such as leopard seals. We also suggest that 24 hours of sunlight and the cycling of dive bouts with short rest periods on sea ice allow emperor penguins to dive continuously throughout the day during foraging trips to sea. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Mergulho Descanso Spheniscidae/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Comportamento Alimentar Camada de Gelo Oceanos e Mares Tempo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 121127 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050357

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[PMID]: 23185538 [Au] Autor: Xu W; Liu W; Huang G; Zou Z; Cai Z; Xu W [Ad] Endereço: Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. [Ti] Título: Decompression illness: clinical aspects of 5278 consecutive cases treated in a single hyperbaric unit. [So] Source: PLoS One;7(11):e50079, 2012. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Decompression illness (DCI) is a major concern in pressure-related activities. Due to its specific prerequisite conditions, DCI is rare in comparison with other illnesses and most physicians are inexperienced in treatment. In a fishery area in northern China, during the past decade, tens of thousands of divers engaged in seafood harvesting and thousands suffered from DCI. We established a hyperbaric facility there and treated the majority of the cases. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 5,278 DCI cases were admitted in our facility from February 2000 through December 2010 and treated using our recompression schedules. Cutaneous abnormalities, joint and muscular pain and neurological manifestations were three most common symptoms. The initial symptom occurred within 6 h after surfacing in 98.9% of cases, with an overall median latency of 62 min. The shorter the latent time, the more serious the symptoms would be (P<0.0001). Nine cases died before recompression and 5,269 were treated using four recompression schedules, with an overall effectiveness rate of 99.3%. The full recovery rate decreased with the increase of the delay from the onset of symptoms to the treatment (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: DCI presents specific occurrence rules. Recompression should be administered as soon as possible and should never be abandoned irrespective of the delay. The recompression schedules used were effective and flexible for variety conditions of DCI. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Doença da Descompressão/terapia Oxigenação Hiperbárica Recuperação de Função Fisiológica [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Doença da Descompressão/diagnóstico Doença da Descompressão/etiologia Doença da Descompressão/mortalidade Mergulho/efeitos adversos Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Índice de Gravidade de Doença Taxa de Sobrevida Fatores de Tempo Resultado de Tratamento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 121127 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050079

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[PMID]: 23085290 [Au] Autor: Dasmeh P; Davis RW; Kepp KP [Ad] Endereço: Technical University of Denmark, DTU Chemistry, DK 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. [Ti] Título: Aerobic dive limits of seals with mutant myoglobin using combined thermochemical and physiological data. [So] Source: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol;164(1):119-28, 2013 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1531-4332 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: This paper presents an integrated model of convective O(2)-transport, aerobic dive limits (ADL), and thermochemical data for oxygen binding to mutant myoglobin (Mb), used to quantify the impact of mutations in Mb on the dive limits of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii). We find that wild-type Mb traits are only superior under specific behavioral and physiological conditions that critically prolong the ADL, action radius, and fitness of the seals. As an extreme example, the mutations in the conserved His-64 reduce ADL up to 14±2min for routine aerobic dives, whereas many other mutations are nearly neutral in terms of ADL and the inferred fitness. We also find that the cardiac system, the muscle O(2)-store, animal behavior (i.e. pre-dive ventilation), and the oxygen binding affinity of Mb, K(O(2)), have co-evolved to optimize dive duration at routine aerobic diving conditions, suggesting that such conditions are mostly selected upon in seals. The model is capable of roughly quantifying the physiological impact of single-protein mutations and thus bridges an important gap between animal physiology and molecular (protein) evolution. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Mergulho/fisiologia Mioglobina/química Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos Focas Verdadeiras/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Comportamento Animal/fisiologia Transporte Biológico Evolução Molecular Histidina/química Histidina/genética Modelos Biológicos Músculo Esquelético/química Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia Mutação Mioglobina/genética Consumo de Oxigênio Ligação Proteica Especificidade da Espécie Fatores de Tempo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Myoglobin); 71-00-1 (Histidine) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 121126 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 23145606 [Au] Autor: Laplanche C [Ad] Endereço: UniversiteÌ� de Toulouse, INP, UPS, CNRS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. laplanche@gmail.com [Ti] Título: Bayesian three-dimensional reconstruction of toothed whale trajectories: passive acoustics assisted with visual and tagging measurements. [So] Source: J Acoust Soc Am;132(5):3225-33, 2012 Nov. [Is] ISSN: 1520-8524 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The author describes and evaluates a Bayesian method to reconstruct three-dimensional toothed whale trajectories from a series of echolocation signals. Localization by using passive acoustic data (time of arrival of source signals at receptors) is assisted by using visual data (coordinates of the whale when diving and resurfacing) and tag information (movement statistics). The efficiency of the Bayesian method is compared to the standard minimum mean squared error statistical approach by comparing the reconstruction results of 48 simulated sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) trajectories. The use of the advanced Bayesian method reduces bias (standard deviation) with respect to the standard method up to a factor of 8.9 (13.6). The author provides open-source software which is functional with acoustic data which would be collected in the field from any three-dimensional receptor array design. This approach renews passive acoustics as a valuable tool to study the underwater behavior of toothed whales. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Acústica Teorema de Bayes Ecolocação Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador Cachalote/fisiologia Natação Visão Ocular [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aceleração Animais Viés (Epidemiologia) Simulação por Computador Mergulho Humanos Modelos Lineares Cadeias de Markov Método de Monte Carlo Movimento (Física) Análise Numérica Assistida por Computador Som Espectrografia do Som Fatores de Tempo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; EVALUATION STUDIES; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 121113 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1121/1.4757740

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[PMID]: 22695534 [Au] Autor: Hansel J; Burgstahler C; Medler S; Axmann D; Niess AM; Tetzlaff K [Ad] Endereço: Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic V, University of Tuebingen, Silcherstrasse 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. jochen.hansel@med.uni-tuebingen.de [Ti] Título: Effect of simulated diving trips on pulmonary artery pressure in healthy men. [So] Source: Clin Res Cardiol;101(12):947-53, 2012 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1861-0692 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Environmental stresses, such as immersion, cold, and venous gas microbubbles, have been shown to contribute to an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) after single SCUBA dives. This study was carried out to investigate PAP changes following a dry chamber dive. METHODS: 17 male divers [mean age 32 years, standard deviation (SD) 7 years, mean body mass index 26 kg m(-2) (SD 3 kg m(-2))] participated in the study. Heart disease was ruled out by ECG, stress-ECG and transthoracic echocardiography in all subjects. Echocardiographic assessment of PAP (peak gradient at pulmonary and tricuspid valve), acceleration time (AT), ejection time (ET) and the ratio AT/ET as an estimate of PAP was performed directly prior to, directly, and 20 and 80 min after a simulated dive (maximal pressure 600 kPa, duration 60 min). RESULTS: AT/ET decreased from 0.40 (SD 0.03) to 0.34 (SD 0.03) directly after the dive (p = <0.0001), which was statistically significant, whereas 80 min after decompression, AT/ET tended to return to baseline levels (0.36, SD 0.03; p = 0.001). Other echocardiographic indices, e.g. ET, systolic PAP, and heart rate, did not change significantly after the dive. No gas microbubbles were detected during or after decompression. CONCLUSIONS: A transient decrease of both AT and AT/ET following a simulated hyperbaric dry chamber dive indicated an increase in mean PAP in healthy men. We speculate that factors other than immersion, cold, or gas microbubbles may contribute to an elevation of PAP after a single hyperbaric exposure. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia Descompressão Mergulho/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Ecocardiografia Doppler Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Artéria Pulmonar Fatores de Tempo Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 121119 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/s00392-012-0482-9

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[PMID]: 23098594 [Au] Autor: Cronin TW [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MA 21250, USA. Cronin@umbc.edu [Ti] Título: Visual optics: Accommodation in a splash. [So] Source: Curr Biol;22(20):R871-3, 2012 Oct 23. [Is] ISSN: 1879-0445 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Gannets are large seabirds that hunt fish from the air, making a plunge dive followed by active swimming pursuit of prey. A recent study shows that they convert from aerial to aquatic vision nearly instantly. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Acomodação Ocular/fisiologia Comportamento Animal Aves/fisiologia Visão Ocular [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Mergulho/fisiologia Comportamento Alimentar Voo Animal/fisiologia Natação/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 121026 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 23135676 [Au] Autor: Bestley S; Jonsen ID; Hindell MA; Guinet C; Charrassin JB [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. sophie.bestley@dal.ca [Ti] Título: Integrative modelling of animal movement: incorporating in situ habitat and behavioural information for a migratory marine predator. [So] Source: Proc Biol Sci;280(1750):20122262, 2013 Jan 7. [Is] ISSN: 1471-2954 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: A fundamental goal in animal ecology is to quantify how environmental (and other) factors influence individual movement, as this is key to understanding responsiveness of populations to future change. However, quantitative interpretation of individual-based telemetry data is hampered by the complexity of, and error within, these multi-dimensional data. Here, we present an integrative hierarchical Bayesian state-space modelling approach where, for the first time, the mechanistic process model for the movement state of animals directly incorporates both environmental and other behavioural information, and observation and process model parameters are estimated within a single model. When applied to a migratory marine predator, the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), we find the switch from directed to resident movement state was associated with colder water temperatures, relatively short dive bottom time and rapid descent rates. The approach presented here can have widespread utility for quantifying movement-behaviour (diving or other)-environment relationships across species and systems. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Migração Animal Ecologia/métodos Movimento Focas Verdadeiras/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Regiões Antárticas Teorema de Bayes Temperatura Baixa Simulação por Computador Mergulho Ecossistema Masculino Modelos Biológicos Comportamento Predatório Telemetria [Pt] Tipo de publicação: EVALUATION STUDIES; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1304 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 121122 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2262

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[PMID]: 22645056 [Au] Autor: Urbina MA; Glover CN [Ad] Endereço: School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. mauriciourbin@gmail.com [Ti] Título: Should I stay or should I go?: Physiological, metabolic and biochemical consequences of voluntary emersion upon aquatic hypoxia in the scaleless fish Galaxias maculatus. [So] Source: J Comp Physiol B;182(8):1057-67, 2012 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1432-136X [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Hypoxia represents a significant challenge to most fish, forcing the development of behavioural, physiological and biochemical adaptations to survive. It has been previously shown that inanga (Galaxias maculatus) display a complex behavioural repertoire to escape aquatic hypoxia, finishing with the fish voluntarily emerging from the water and aerially respiring. In the present study we evaluated the physiological, metabolic and biochemical consequences of both aquatic hypoxia and emersion in inanga. Inanga successfully tolerated up to 6 h of aquatic hypoxia or emersion. Initially, this involved enhancing blood oxygen-carrying capacity, followed by the induction of anaerobic metabolism. Only minor changes were noted between emersed fish and those maintained in aquatic hypoxia, with the latter group displaying a higher mean cell haemoglobin content and a reduced haematocrit after 6 h. Calculations suggest that inanga exposed to both aquatic hypoxia and air reduced oxygen uptake and also increased anaerobic contribution to meet energy demands, but the extent of these changes was small compared with hypoxia-tolerant fish species. Overall, these findings add to previous studies suggesting that inanga are relatively poorly adapted to survive aquatic hypoxia. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Adaptação Fisiológica Animais Selvagens/fisiologia Anóxia/veterinária Metabolismo Energético Osmeriformes/fisiologia Comportamento de Sucção Natação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Anóxia/sangue Anóxia/metabolismo Comportamento Animal Mergulho Proteínas de Peixes/sangue Água Doce/química Glicogenólise Glicólise Hemoglobinas/análise Respiração Bucal/veterinária Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo Nova Zelândia Distribuição Aleatória Rios [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Fish Proteins); 0 (Hemoglobins) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1304 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 121126 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/s00360-012-0678-3

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[PMID]: 23451587 [Au] Autor: Michel F [Ad] Endereço: Facharzt für Allgemeine Innere, Medizin und Pneumologie FMH, Tauchmedizin SUHMS, 6207 Nottwill. fr.michel@bluewin.ch [Ti] Título: [The lung and diving]. [Ti] Título: Lunge und Tauchen.. [So] Source: Rev Med Suisse;9(371):249, 2013 Jan 30. [Is] ISSN: 1660-9379 [Cp] País de publicação: Switzerland [La] Idioma: ger [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Asma/fisiopatologia Mergulho/efeitos adversos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Humanos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1304 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 130304 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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