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Id: biblio-950872 Autor: Kargupta, Roli; Puttaswamy, Sachidevi; Lee, Aiden J; Butler, Timothy E; Li, Zhongyu; Chakraborty, Sounak; Sengupta, Shramik. Título: Rapid culture-based detection of living mycobacteria using microchannel electrical impedance spectroscopy (m-EIS) Fonte: Biol. Res;50:21, 2017. tab, graf. Idioma: en. Projeto: NIH. Resumo: BACKGROUND: Multiple techniques exist for detecting Mycobacteria, each having its own advantages and drawbacks. Among them, automated culture-based systems like the BACTEC-MGIT™ are popular because they are inexpensive, reliable and highly accurate. However, they have a relatively long "time-to-detection" (TTD). Hence, a method that retains the reliability and low-cost of the MGIT system, while reducing TTD would be highly desirable. METHODS: Living bacterial cells possess a membrane potential, on account of which they store charge when subjected to an AC-field. This charge storage (bulk capacitance) can be estimated using impedance measurements at multiple frequencies. An increase in the number of living cells during culture is reflected in an increase in bulk capacitance, and this forms the basis of our detection. M. bovis BCG and M. smegmatis suspensions with differing initial loads are cultured in MGIT media supplemented with OADC and Middlebrook 7H9 media respectively, electrical "scans" taken at regular intervals and the bulk capacitance estimated from the scans. Bulk capacitance estimates at later time-points are statistically compared to the suspension's baseline value. A statistically significant increase is assumed to indicate the presence of proliferating mycobacteria. RESULTS: Our TTDs were 60 and 36 h for M. bovis BCG and 20 and 9 h for M. smegmatis with initial loads of 1000 CFU/ml and 100,000 CFU/ml respectively. The corresponding TTDs for the commercial BACTEC MGIT 960 system were 131 and 84.6 h for M. bovis BCG and 41.7 and 12 h for M smegmatis, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our culture-based detection method using multi-frequency impedance measurements is capable of detecting mycobacteria faster than current commercial systems. Descritores: Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos Espectroscopia Dielétrica Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação Mycobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento -Fatores de Tempo Reprodutibilidade dos Testes Meios de Cultura Mycobacterium/classificação Limites: Humanos Responsável: CL1.1 - Biblioteca Central

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Id: biblio-950876 Autor: Zhang, Li; Tan, Jinyun; Jiang, Xiaoping; Qian, Weiwei; Yang, Ting; Sun, Xijun; Chen, Zhaohui; Zhu, Qiwen. Título: Neuron-derived CCL2 contributes to microglia activation and neurological decline in hepatic encephalopathy Fonte: Biol. Res;50:26, 2017. graf. Idioma: en. Projeto: Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project. Resumo: BACKGROUND: CCL2 was up-regulated in neurons and involved in microglia activation and neurological decline in mice suffering from hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, no data exist concerning the effect of neuron-derived CCL2 on microglia activation in vitro. METHODS: The rats were pretreated with CCL2 receptor inhibitors (INCB or C021, 1 mg/kg/day i.p.) for 3 days prior to thioacetamide (TAA) administration (300 mg/kg/day i.p.) for inducing HE model. At 8 h following the last injection (and every 4 h after), the grade of encephalopathy was assessed. Blood and whole brains were collected at coma for measuring CCL2 and Iba1 expression. In vitro, primary neurons were stimulated with TNF-α, and then the medium were collected for addition to microglia cultures with or without INCB or C021 pretreatment. The effect of the medium on microglia proliferation and activation was evaluated after 24 h. RESULTS: CCL2 expression and microglia activation were elevated in the cerebral cortex of rats received TAA alone. CCL2 receptors inhibition improved neurological score and reduced cortical microglia activation. In vitro, TNF-α treatment induced CCL2 release by neurons. Medium from TNF-α stimulated neurons caused microglia proliferation and M1 markers expression, including iNOS, COX2, IL-6 and IL-1ß, which could be suppressed by INCB or C021 pretreatment. The medium could also facilitate p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα phosphorylation, and NF-κB inhibition reduced the increased IL-6 and IL-1ß expression induced by the medium. CONCLUSION: Neuron-derived CCL2 contributed to microglia activation and neurological decline in HE. Blocking CCL2 or inhibiting microglia excessive activation may be potential strategies for HE. Descritores: Encefalopatia Hepática/metabolismo Microglia/metabolismo Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo Receptores de Quimiocinas/antagonistas & inibidores Neurônios/metabolismo -Tioacetamida Expressão Gênica Encefalopatia Hepática/induzido quimicamente Encefalopatia Hepática/terapia Interleucina-6/metabolismo Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos Quimiocina CCL2/antagonistas & inibidores Meios de Cultura/farmacologia Modelos Animais de Doenças Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Limites: Animais Ratos Responsável: CL1.1 - Biblioteca Central

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Id: lil-761172 Autor: SOUZA, Margarida Neves; ORTIZ, Stéfanie Otowicz; MELLO, Marcelo Martins; OLIVEIRA, Flávio de Mattos; SEVERO, Luiz Carlos; GOEBEL, Cristine Souza. Título: Comparison between four usual methods of identification of candida species / Comparação entre quatro métodos usuais de identificação de espécies de Candida Fonte: Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo;57(4):281-287, July-Aug. 2015. tab. Idioma: en. Resumo: SUMMARYInfection by Candidaspp. is associated with high mortality rates, especially when treatment is not appropriate and/or not immediate. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly identify the genus and species of Candida. The aim of this study was to compare the identification of 89 samples of Candidaspp. by the manual methods germ tube test, auxanogram and chromogenic medium in relation to the ID 32C automated method. The concordances between the methods in ascending order, measured by the Kappa index were: ID 32C with CHROMagar Candida(κ = 0.38), ID 32C with auxanogram (κ = 0.59) and ID 32C with germ tube (κ = 0.9). One of the species identified in this study was C. tropicalis,which demonstrated a sensitivity of 46.2%, a specificity of 95.2%, PPV of 80%, NPV of 81.1%, and an accuracy of 80.9% in tests performed with CHROMagar Candida;and a sensitivity of 76.9%, a specificity of 96.8%, PPV of 90.9%, NPV of 91%, and an accuracy of 91% in the auxanogram tests. Therefore, it is necessary to know the advantages and limitations of methods to choose the best combination between them for a fast and correct identification of Candidaspecies. RESUMOA infecção por Candidaspp. está associada com alta mortalidade, principalmente quando o tratamento não é adequado, nem imediato. Assim, a correta identificação do gênero e espécie é necessária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar 89 amostras de Candidaspp. pelos métodos manuais prova do tubo germinativo, auxanograma e CHROMagar em relação ao método automatizado ID 32C. As concordâncias entre os métodos em ordem crescente, medidas pelo coeficiente de Kappa, foram: ID 32C com CHROMagar Candida(κ = 0,38), ID 32C com auxanograma (κ = 0,59) e ID 32C com tubo germinativo (κ = 0,9). Uma das espécies identificadas neste trabalho foi a C. tropicalis, que demonstrou uma sensibilidade de 46,2%, especificidade de 95,2%, VPP de 80%, VPN de 81,1% e acurácia de 80,9% nos testes com CHROMagar Candidae uma sensibilidade de 76,9%, especificidade de 96,8%, VPP de 90,9%, VPN de 91% e acurácia de 91% nos testes de auxanograma. Portanto, o conhecimento das vantagens e limitações dos métodos é necessário para a escolha da melhor combinação entre os mesmos visando uma rápida e correta identificação das espécies de Candida. Descritores: Candida/classificação Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica/métodos -Candida/isolamento & purificação Meios de Cultura Sensibilidade e Especificidade Limites: Humanos Tipo de Publ: Estudo Comparativo Responsável: BR1.1 - BIREME

4 / 1706

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Id: lil-765516 Autor: Hernández-Botero, Johan Sebastián; Pérez-Cárdenas, Jorge Enrique. Título: Identificación de Candida glabrata y otras especies comunes del género Candida mediante el uso secuencial del medio de cultivo cromógeno y la prueba del tubo germinal / Identification of Candida glabrata and other common Candida species using chromogenic agar and germ tube test / Identificação de Candida glabrata e outras espécies comuns do gênero Candida mediante o uso sequencial do meio de cultivo cromogênico e a prova do tubo germinal Fonte: Iatreia;28(4):355-367, oct.-dic. 2015. ilus, tab. Idioma: es. Resumo: Introdución: se han usado agar cromógeno (AC) y la prueba del tubo germinal (PTG) para identificar C. albicans. Sin embargo, ninguna de estas dos pruebas por separado permite la identificación de C. glabrata. Objetivo: analizar la eficacia diagnóstica del uso secuencial del AC y la PTG para identificar las especies más comunes de Candida. Métodos: se identificaron 436 aislamientos usando el AC y luego la PTG; se utilizaron las pruebas bioquímicas como estándar de oro, y se determinaron la sensibilidad y especificidad del esquema secuencial con sus intervalos de confianza. Resultados: el uso en serie del AC y la PTG tuvo sensibilidad del 97,9 % (IC95 %: 96,0-99,9) para identificar C. albicans/dubliniensis y del 90,9 % (IC95 %: 84,0-97,8) para identificar C. tropicalis, con especificidad del 100 % para ambas especies. El mismo esquema permitió identificar C. glabrata con sensibilidad del 92,5 % (IC95 %: 86,2- 98,8) y especificidad del 96,6 % (IC95 %: 95,0-98,6), y el complejo C. parapsilosis con especificidad del 96,3 % (IC95 %: 94,5-98,1). Conclusiones: el esquema propuesto permite la identificación de C. albicans/dubliniensis, C. tropicalis y C. glabrata con sensibilidad y especificidad adecuadas, y podría ser útil en entornos clínicos de bajos recursos. Introduction: Chromogenic agar and germ tube test have been used for decades to identify C. albicans. However, neither of these tests separately allows identification of C. glabrata. Objective: To test the efficacy of chromogenic agar and germ tube test used serially to identify the most common Candida species found in clinical practice, with emphasis on C. glabrata. Methods: 436 isolates were identified using the chromogenic medium followed by the germ tube test. Biochemical tests were used as gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity and confidence intervals (95 %) of the serial identification system were determined. Results: Sensitivity was 97.9 % (IC95 %: 96.0-99.9) to identify C. albicans/dubliniensis, and 90.9 % (IC95 %: 84.0-97.8) for C. tropicalis; specificity was 100 % for both species. Sensitivity was 92.5 % (IC95 %: 86.2-98.8) for identification of C. glabrata with 96.6 % (IC95 %: 95.0-98.6) specificity. Concerning identification of the C. parapsilosis complex, specificity was 96.3 % (IC95 %: 94.5-98.1). Conclusion: The proposed serial scheme has adequate sensitivity and specificity for identification of C. albicans/dubliniensis, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. It could be useful in low-resources clinical settings. Se usaram agar cromogênico (AC) e a prova do tubo germinal (PTG) para identificar C. albicans. No entanto, nenhuma destas duas provas por separado permite a identificação de C. glabrata. Objetivo: analisar a eficácia diagnóstica do uso sequencial do AC e a PTG para identificar as espécies mais comuns de Candida. Métodos: identificaram-se 436 isolamentos usando o AC e depois a PTG; utilizaram-se as provas bioquímicas como padrão de ouro, e se determinaram a sensibilidade e especificidade do esquema sequencial com seus intervalos de confiança. Resultados: o uso em série do AC e a PTG teve sensibilidade de 97,9 % (IC95 %: 96,0-99,9) para identificar C. albicans/dubliniensis e de 90,9 % (IC95 %: 84,0-97,8) para identificar C. tropicalis, com especificidade de 100 % para ambas espécies. O mesmo esquema permitiu identificar C. glabrata com sensibilidade de 92,5 % (IC95 %: 86,2- 98,8) e especificidade de 96,6 % (IC95 %: 95,0-98,6), e o complexo C. parapsilose com especificidade de 96,3 % (IC95 %: 94,5-98,1). Conclusões: o esquema proposto permite a identificação de C. albicans/dubliniensis, C. tropicalis e C. glabrata com sensibilidade e especificidade adequadas, e poderia ser útil em meios clínicos de baixos recursos. Descritores: Candida Candida glabrata -Compostos Cromogênicos Meios de Cultura Limites: Humanos Tipo de Publ: Artigo Clássico Responsável: CO332 - Facultad de Medicina

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Id: biblio-1151489 Autor: Huerta, Elisa; Gorup, Daisy; Manríquez, Manuel; Cruz Choappa, Rodrigo; Vieille, Peggy; González-Arriagada, Wilfredo. Título: Efficacy of copper sulphate on candida albicans on heat-polymerized acrylic resin / Eficacia del sulfato de cobre sobre candida albicans en resinas acrílicas de termocurado Fonte: J. oral res. (Impresa);9(1):57-62, feb. 28, 2020. graf, tab. Idioma: en. Resumo: The ageing of population is increasing, and a great percentage of these patients wear removable prostheses, and can suffer denture stomatitis, a condition that has been associated with candidiasis. Aims: To evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of Copper Sulfate against Candida albicans in samples of heat-polymerized acrylic resin, compared to nystatin, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. Materials and Methods: Initially, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of copper sulfate for Candida albicans was determined by microdilution. Then, 54 resin samples were divided into 6 treatment groups corresponding to Nystatin 100.000 UI, Sodium Hypochlorite 0.5%, chlorhexidine 0.12%, Copper Sulfate 4.7µg/ml, Copper Sulfate 9.4µg/ml and physiological saline solution, in which samples were submerged for 6 hours. Resin samples were then washed and cultured on solid media at 37°C for 72 hours. The number of colony-forming units was determined using a Quebec colony counter. The statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Copper sulfate at a concentration of 9.4µg/ml presented a similar effectiveness as the other control products regarding the reduction in the number of colonies of Candida albicans post-treatment. Conclusion: The effectiveness of copper sulfate against Candida albicans on acrylic resin was similar to that of nystatin, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. En las últimas décadas se ha observado un aumento de la población de adultos mayores, de los cuales un gran porcentaje es portador de prótesis removible, y dos tercios pueden sufrir estomatitis subprotésica, enfermedad que es asociada a infecciones como candidiasis. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad antimicótica in vitro del sulfato de cobre en placas de resinas acrílicas de termocurado inoculadas con Candida albicans, frente a Nistatina, Hipoclorito de Sodio y Clorhexidina. Material y Métodos: Inicialmente, y mediante microdilución del sulfato de cobre, se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) para Candida albicans. En la fase experimental, 54 muestras de resina se dividieron en 6 grupos correspondientes a Nistatina 100.000 UI, Hipoclorito 0.5%, Clorhexidina 0.12%, Sulfato de Cu 4.7µg/ml, Sufato de Cu 9.4 µg/ml y suero fisiológico. Las muestras fueron sumergidas en estos agentes por 6 horas, para posteriormente ser lavadas y cultivada en medios solidos a 37°C por 72 horas. Luego se realizó el conteo de unidades formadoras de colonias mediante contador tipo Quebec. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Resultado: El sulfato de cobre a una concentración de 9.4µg/ ml presentó una efectividad similar a los otros productos, en la reducción de colonias de Candida albicans. Conclusión: La efectividad del sulfato de cobre contra Candida albicans fue semejante a la de Nistatina, Hipoclorito y Clorhexidina. Descritores: Resinas Acrílicas Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos Sulfato de Cobre/farmacologia -Hipoclorito de Sódio Estomatite sob Prótese Técnicas In Vitro Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico Clorexidina Meios de Cultura Limites: Humanos Responsável: CL30.1 - Biblioteca

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Id: biblio-1151424 Autor: Miñano, José; Espinoza, Maria V. Título: In vitro efficacy of five pediatric toothpastes in the inhibition of streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 / Eficacia in vitro de cinco pastas dentales pediátricas en la inhibición de streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Fonte: J. oral res. (Impresa);9(1):29-35, feb. 28, 2020. ilus, tab. Idioma: en. Resumo: The present in vitro study compared the inhibitory action of five pediatric toothpastes against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, comparative and experimental study. The microorganism Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 was inoculated onto solid culture medium of Müeller-Hinton supplemented with blood, then the plates were inoculated with five pediatric toothpastes: Oral B Stages, Colgate Smiles, Aquafresh My Little Teeth, Dentito and Denture Kids. Samples were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Subsequently the inhibition halos were measured; the experiment was repeated 20 times for each sample. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA complemented with Tukey's test. Results: Oral B Stages yielded a mean inhibitory halo of 23.2mm, Colgate Smiles an average of 21.7mm, Aquafresh My Little Teeth of 13.6mm, Dentito of 18.5mm, and Denture Kids a mean of 23.0mm. When performing the ANOVA test, it was found that there was a significant difference in the inhibitory action of pediatric toothpastes (p<0.005) and when using Tukey's multiple comparison test, Oral B and Denture Kids presented similar inhibitory action. Conclusion: All toothpastes presented inhibitory action against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. A significant difference between their effectiveness was observed. Oral B Stages showed the greatest degree of inhibition. El presente estudio in vitrocomparo la eficacia inhibitoria de cinco pastas dentales pediátricas frente a la bacteria Streptococcus mutansATCC25175. Material y Métodos: El estudio fue transversal, comparativo y experimental. Se inoculó Streptococcus mutansATCC 25175 en un medio de cultivo Müeller-Hinton complementado con sangre, luego a las placas cultivadas se le inocularon cincopastas dentales pediátricas: Oral B Stages, Colgate Smiles, Aquafresh My LittleTeeth, Dentito y Denture Kids. Se incubó a 37ºC por 48 horas y posteriormente semidió los halos de inhibición, se replicó el experimento 20 veces para cada uno. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el test de ANVA complementado con el test de Tukey. Resultado: Oral B Stages generó una media inhibitoria de 23,2mm, ColgateSmiles una media de 21,7mm, Aquafresh My Little Teeh de 13,6mm, Dentitode 18,5mm y finalmente Denture Kids una media de 23,0mm. Al realizar laprueba ANOVA se encontró que hay diferencia significativa en la acción inhibitoriade las pastas dentales pediátricas (p<0.005) y al emplear la prueba Tukey (comparación de múltiples) la pasta Oral B y Denture Kids presentaron acción inhibidora similar. Conclusión:Todas las pastas presentaron acción inhibitoria sobre Streptococcus mutansATCC 25175 existiendo diferencia significativa entre la efectividad de estas, con la pasta Oral B Stages demuestrando mayor acción inhibitoria. Descritores: Streptococcus mutans Cremes Dentais/análise -Higiene Bucal Peru Técnicas In Vitro Estudos Transversais Meios de Cultura Cárie Dentária Limites: Humanos Criança Responsável: CL30.1 - Biblioteca

7 / 1706

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Id: biblio-950891 Autor: Quiroz, Karla A; Berrios, Miguel; Carrasco, Basilio; Retamales, Jorge B; Caligari, Peter D. S; García-Gonzáles, Rolando. Título: Meristem culture and subsequent micropropagation of Chilean strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis (L) Duch. ) Fonte: Biol. Res;50:20, 2017. tab, graf. Idioma: en. Projeto: Fondo de Innovación para la Competitividad Regional (FIC-R). Resumo: BACKGROUND: Vegetative propagation of Fragaria sp. is traditionally carried out using stolons. This system of propagation, in addition to being slow, can spread plant diseases, particularly serious being viral. In vitro culture of meristems and the establishment of micropropagation protocols are important tools for solving these problems. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to develop in vitro propagation of the commercial strawberry in order to produce virus-free plants of high quality. These previous results can serve as the basis for developing in vitro-based propagation technologies in the less studied species Fragaria chiloensis. RESULTS: In this context, we studied the cultivation of meristems and establishment of a micropropagation protocol for F. chiloensis. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) improved the meristem regeneration efficiency of F. chiloensis accessions. Similarly, the use of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the culture media increased the average rate of multiplication to 3-6 shoots per plant. In addition, the use of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), had low levels (near zero) of explant losses due to oxidation. However, plant height as well as number of leaves and roots were higher in media without growth regulators, with average values of 0.5 cm, 9 leaves and 4 roots per plant. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time in Chilean strawberry, meristem culture demonstrated to be an efficient tool for eliminating virus from infected plants, giving the possibility to produce disease free propagation material. Also, the addition of PVP into the basal MS medium improved the efficiency of plant recovery from isolated meristems. Farmers can now access to high quality plant material produced by biotech tools which will improve their technological practices. Descritores: Purinas/farmacologia Regeneração/efeitos dos fármacos Compostos de Benzil/farmacologia Brotos de Planta/embriologia Meristema/crescimento & desenvolvimento Fragaria/embriologia -Chile Brotos de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos Meristema/efeitos dos fármacos Meios de Cultura Fragaria/efeitos dos fármacos Responsável: CL1.1 - Biblioteca Central

8 / 1706

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Id: lil-322798 Autor: Douval Borges, Carlos; Urdanivia Cruz, María O; Herrera Alonso, Francisco. Título: Ensayo de un medio de cultivo para conservación y transporte de estreptococo / Assay of a culture medium for the conservation and transport of Streptococcus Fonte: Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol;40(1):26-30, ene.-abr. 2002. tab. Idioma: es. Resumo: Para contribuir al aislamiento y diagnóstico eficiente del estreptococo beta hemolítico, causante de escarlatina en algunos círculos infantiles de la ciudad de Cienfuegos, se decidió obtener un medio de cultivo diferente al convencional que garantizara la viabilidad de las cepas para estudios ulteriores, por lo que se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de determinar la efectividad de un medio de cultivo sencillo, de bajo costo y fácil preparación para la conservación y transporte de cepas de Estreptococos en los laboratorios de Microbiología del Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología del Hospital ®Gustavo Aldereguía Lima¼ de la provincia de Cienfuegos, en el período comprendido entre los meses de enero a abril del 2000. Se ensayó una modificación del caldo Todd-Hewitt con 0,1 porciento de extracto de levadura y agar para obtener este medio. De 52 cepas estudiadas, 50 mostraron viabilidad al cabo de 30 días (96 porciento) y de 10 cepas conservadas por 100 días, 9 (90 porciento) demostraron crecimiento y hemólisis. El sustrato mostró también su eficacia como medio de transporte al trasladarse 16 cepas a un centro de referencia distante y mantenerse el 100 porciento viables y útiles para su estudio Descritores: Escarlatina Streptococcus Streptococcus pyogenes Meios de Cultura Técnicas Bacteriológicas Responsável: CU1.1 - Biblioteca Médica Nacional

9 / 1706

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Id: biblio-907779 Autor: Jaramillo-Grajales, Marisol; Torres-Villa, Robinson A; Pabón-Gelves, Elizabeth; Marín-Muñoz, Paula A; Barrientos-Urdinola, Kaory; Montagut-Ferizzola, Yeison; Robledo-Restrepo, Jaime A. Título: Diagnóstico de tuberculosis: desdelo tradicional hasta el desarrollo actual / Diagnosis of tuberculosis: from the traditional to the present development Fonte: Med. lab;21(7-8):311-332, 2015. tab, ilus. Idioma: es. Resumo: Resumen: la tuberculosis es un problema de salud pública que afecta a millones de personas, siendo la cuarta causa de muerte por enfermedad infecciosa en el mundo. En su más reciente reporte, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) menciona que la infección tuberculosa es curable con un tratamiento adecuado; sin embargo, es una necesidad la detección precoz de casos y la mejora del diagnóstico como medida de control. En esta revisión se presenta una recopilación de los métodos de detección de tuberculosis desde los tradicionales hasta las nuevas alternativas en desarrollo. Como métodos convencionales de diagnóstico para la detección de la tuberculosis se han usado el examen directo con coloración de esputo y el cultivo para determinar la presencia de la micobacteria; estos métodos presentan desventajas importantes que afectan la sensibilidad y tiempo para el diagnóstico.Recientes avances en pruebas rápidas incluyen el desarrollo de técnicas moleculares e inmunoensayosque pueden detectar micobacterias resistentes a antibióticos y anticuerpos de la respuesta inmune del hospedero. Sin embargo, esta enfermedad no cuenta con una prueba de diagnóstico precisa que permita la detección y el diagnóstico rápido con la mínima pérdida de pacientes. Frente a estos retos, en la actualidad se encuentran en desarrollo nuevas pruebas basadas en biosensores mediante el uso de biomarcadores adecuados de la enfermedad. Abstract: Tuberculosis is a public health problem that affects millions of people, being the fourth common cause of death due infectious disease in the world. In a recent report, the World Health Organization (WHO) argues that tuberculosis infection is curable with proper treatment; however its early detection and improved diagnosis tools are necessary for tuberculosis control. In this review, a compilation of methods for detecting tuberculosis from traditional to new developing alternatives are presented. As conventional diagnostic methods for detecting tuberculosis have been used direct sputumsmear and cell culture to establish the presence of mycobacteria; however, these methods have significant disadvantages which include sensitivity and time for diagnosis. Among recent advances in rapid tests are the development of molecular techniques and immunoassays to detect antibiotics mycobacteria resistance and antibodies from the host immune response. However, this disease does not have an accuracy diagnostic test that allows rapid detection and diagnosis with minimal loss of patients. Currently, to deal with these challenges, new tests based on biosensors are developing, using appropriate biomarkers of disease. Descritores: Técnicas Biossensoriais Meios de Cultura Teste Tuberculínico Tuberculose Limites: Humanos Tipo de Publ: Revisão Responsável: CO373.9 - EDIMECO - Editora Médica Colombiana S.A.

10 / 1706

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Id: lil-789480 Autor: Raveendran, Reena; Wattal, Chand. Título: Utility of multiplex real-time PCR in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis Fonte: Braz. j. infect. dis;20(3):235-241, May.-June 2016. tab, graf. Idioma: en. Resumo: Abstract Objective The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is still a challenge because of its pauci-bacillary nature. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of a multiplex PCR assay in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and to compare the efficiency of two targets, IS6110 and MPB64 to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods 150 extrapulmonary samples (61 pus/aspirate, 46 tissue, 32 body fluids, and 11 urine) from clinically suspected cases of tuberculosis were included in the study. All the samples were subjected to direct fluorescent microscopy, TB culture (BacT/ALERT 3D, biomerieux, Durham, North Carolina, USA) and a Multiplexed Tandem PCR targeting two mycobacterial DNA sequences, IS6110 and MPB64. Master-Mix reagents and primers were prepared by AusDiagnostics Pvt. Ltd (Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia). The performance of the assay was assessed using a composite gold standard, which included clinical characteristics, microbiology smear as well as culture, histopathology, cytology, radiology, and response to antitubercular therapy. Results 20.3%, 23.6%, and 45.3% of specimens were positive by smear, culture, and PCR, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex PCR was 91.9% and 88.4%, respectively, using the composite gold standard. Positive and negative predictive values of the PCR were estimated as 85.1% and 93.8%, respectively. Higher positivity was observed with target IS6110 (44.6%) as compared to target MPB64 (18.9%). The sensitivities of IS6110 and MPB64 individual targets were 90.3% and 64.5%, respectively, and specificities were 88.4% and 97.7%, respectively. Conclusion PCR can play an important role in rapid and accurate diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. IS6110 alone is an effective target in our part of the country. Descritores: Tuberculose/diagnóstico Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética Antígenos de Bactérias/genética -DNA Bacteriano/análise Amplificação de Genes Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos Sensibilidade e Especificidade Meios de Cultura Limites: Humanos Responsável: BR1.1 - BIREME

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