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[PMID]: 29482802 [Au] Autor: Huang X; Chen L; Xia YB; Xie M; Sun Q; Yao B [Ad] Endereço: Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. [Ti] Título: Effects of electroacupuncture on luteal regression and steroidogenesis in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome model rat. [So] Source: Life Sci;197:1-9, 2018 Mar 15. [Is] ISSN: 1879-0631 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: AIMS: Electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective and safe therapeutic method widely used for treating clinical diseases. Previously, we found that EA could decrease serum hormones and reduce ovarian size in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) rat model. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that contribute to these improvements remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HE staining was used to count the number of corpora lutea (CL) and follicles. Immunohistochemical and ELISA were applied to examine luteal functional and structural regression. Immunoprecipitation was used for analyzing the interaction between NPY (neuropeptide Y) and COX-2; western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the expressions of steroidogenic enzymes and PKA/CREB pathway. KEY FINDINGS: EA treatment significantly reduced the ovarian weight and the number of CL, also decreased ovarian and serum levels of PGE2 and COX-2 expression; increased ovarian PGF2α levels and PGF2α/PGE2 ratio; decreased PCNA expression and distribution; and increased cyclin regulatory inhibitor p27 expression to have further effect on the luteal formation, and promote luteal functional and structural regression. Moreover, expression of COX-2 in ovaries was possessed interactivity increased expression of NPY. Furthermore, EA treatment lowered the serum hormone levels, inhibited PKA/CREB pathway and decreased the expressions of steroidogenic enzymes. Hence, interaction with COX-2, NPY may affect the levels of PGF2α and PGE2 as well as impact the proliferation of granulosa cells in ovaries, thus further reducing the luteal formation, and promoting luteal structural and functional regression, as well as the ovarian steroidogenesis following EA treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: EA treatment could be an option for preventing OHSS in ART. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Corpo Lúteo Dinoprosta/metabolismo Dinoprostona/biossíntese Eletroacupuntura Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Corpo Lúteo/metabolismo Corpo Lúteo/patologia Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/biossíntese Modelos Animais de Doenças Feminino Regulação da Expressão Gênica Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana/metabolismo Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana/patologia Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana/terapia Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/biossíntese Ratos Ratos Sprague-Dawley [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen); B7IN85G1HY (Dinoprost); EC 1.14.99.1 (Cyclooxygenase 2); EC 1.14.99.1 (Ptgs2 protein, rat); K7Q1JQR04M (Dinoprostone) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180301 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180301 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180228 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29364921 [Au] Autor: Nowak M; Boos A; Kowalewski MP [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Ti] Título: Luteal and hypophyseal expression of the canine relaxin (RLN) system during pregnancy: Implications for luteotropic function. [So] Source: PLoS One;13(1):e0191374, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: By acting through its receptors (RXFP1, RXFP2), relaxin (RLN) exerts species-specific effects during pregnancy; possible luteotropic effects through stimulation of prolactin (PRL) release have been suggested. In the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) serum PRL increases in pregnant bitches shortly after RLN appears in the circulation, and a possible functional relationship between the RLN and the PRL systems in regulating progesterone secretion has been implied. Therefore, here (Study 1) the luteal expression and localization of the RLN system was investigated by immunohistochemistry using custom-made antibodies and semi-quantitative PCR, at selected time points during gestation: pre-implantation (d. 8-12), post-implantation (d. 18-25), mid-gestation (d. 35-40) and at normal and antigestagen-induced luteolysis. Further, (Study 2) hypophyseal expression of the RLN system and its spatial association with PRL was assessed. Luteal expression of RLN, but not of its receptors, was time-dependent: it increased significantly following implantation towards mid-gestation and decreased at prepartum. Antigestagen treatment resulted in downregulation of RLN and RXFP2. Whereas RLN was localized in steroidogenic cells, RXFP1 and RXFP2 also stained strongly in macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. The RLN system was detected in the canine adenohypophysis and was co-localized with PRL in hypophyseal lactotrophs. The intraluteal RLN seems to be involved in regulating the canine corpus luteum (CL) in a time-dependent manner. The presence of RLN family members in the adenohypophysis implies their possible involvement in regulating the availability of PRL and other pituitary hormones. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Corpo Lúteo/fisiologia Hipófise/fisiologia Relaxina/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Manutenção do Corpo Lúteo/genética Manutenção do Corpo Lúteo/fisiologia Cães Estrenos/farmacologia Feminino Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos Imuno-Histoquímica Modelos Biológicos Gravidez Prolactina/sangue Prolactina/fisiologia RNA Mensageiro/genética RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas-G/genética Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas-G/fisiologia Receptores de Peptídeos/genética Receptores de Peptídeos/fisiologia Relaxina/sangue Relaxina/genética Especificidade da Espécie [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Estrenes); 0 (RNA, Messenger); 0 (Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled); 0 (Receptors, Peptide); 0 (relaxin receptors); 0UT4JLE1CM (aglepristone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-69-1 (Relaxin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180226 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180226 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180125 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191374

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[PMID]: 28466535 [Au] Autor: Phoophitphong D; Srisuwatanasagul S; Tummaruk P [Ad] Endereço: Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. [Ti] Título: Leptin Immunohistochemical Staining in the Porcine Ovary. [So] Source: Anat Histol Embryol;46(4):334-341, 2017 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1439-0264 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: This study aimed to investigate leptin immuno-staining of the porcine ovary in different reproductive stages. Ovaries from 21 gilts were collected from slaughterhouses. The ovarian tissue sections were incubated with a polyclonal anti-leptin as a primary antibody. The immuno-staining in ovarian tissue compartments was calculated using imaging software. Leptin immuno-staining was found in primordial, primary, preantral and antral follicles. Leptin immuno-staining was expressed in the oocyte and granulosa and theca interna layers in both preantral and antral follicles. In the corpora lutea, leptin immuno-staining was found in the cytoplasm of the luteal cells. The leptin immuno-staining in the granulosa cell layer of preantral follicles did not differ compared to antral follicles (90.7 and 91.3%, respectively, P > 0.05). However, the leptin immuno-staining in the theca interna layer of preantral follicles was lower than antral follicles (49.4 and 74.3%, respectively, P < 0.001). There was no difference in leptin immuno-staining in the granulosa cell layer between follicular and luteal phases (92.4 and 89.7%, respectively, P > 0.05). However, the leptin immuno-staining in the theca interna layer of follicular phase was greater than that in the luteal phase (72.7 and 51.0%, respectively, P < 0.001). These findings indicated that leptin exists in different compartments of the porcine ovary, including the oocyte, granulosa cells, theca interna cells, corpus luteum, blood vessel and smooth muscles. Therefore, this morphological study confirmed a close relationship between leptin and ovarian function in the pig. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Leptina/análise Ovário/química Suínos/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Proteínas Angiogênicas Animais Peso Corporal/fisiologia Corpo Lúteo/química Feminino Fase Folicular Células da Granulosa/química Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária Fase Luteal Oócitos/química Folículo Ovariano/anatomia & histologia Folículo Ovariano/química Ovário/metabolismo Suínos/anatomia & histologia Células Tecais/química Ganho de Peso/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (AGGF1 protein, human); 0 (Angiogenic Proteins); 0 (Leptin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171229 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171229 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170504 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12274

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[PMID]: 27773348 [Au] Autor: Rebordão MR; Galvão A; Pinto-Bravo P; Pinheiro J; Gamboa S; Silva E; Mateus L; Ferreira-Dias G [Ad] Endereço: CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Coimbra, Portugal. [Ti] Título: Endometrial prostaglandin synthases, ovarian steroids, and oxytocin receptors in mares with oxytocin-induced luteal maintenance. [So] Source: Theriogenology;87:193-204, 2017 Jan 01. [Is] ISSN: 1879-3231 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Oxytocin (OXT) has been used to prolong the luteal phase in mares, but its mechanism of action is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic exogenous OXT administration to mid-luteal phase mares on luteal maintenance. Also, endometrial expression of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), prostaglandin F α, E and I synthases (AKR1C3, PTGES, and PTGIS), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), progesterone receptor (PGR), and estrogen receptors 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2) were assessed in mares experiencing luteal maintenance 2 weeks after chronic exogenous OXT administration. Control mares (n = 5; C group) received 6 mL of saline im, whereas OXT (60 units/mare) was administered im (n = 6; OXT group), every 12 hours, on days 7 to 14 postovulation. After endometrial biopsy in groups C (Day 10) and OXT (Day 24), luteolysis occurred within 3 or 6 days, respectively. Luteal maintenance took place in 4 of 6 (67%) of OXT-treated mares. Progesterone in C group was the highest on biopsy day (P < 0.05). In OXT mares, PTGS2, ESR1 (P < 0.05), PTGES, PTGIS, PGR, and ESR2 (P < 0.01) gene transcription decreased, whereas OXTR increased (P < 0.05) in comparison with the C group. In OXT-treated mares, endometrial ESR2 protein expression decreased (P < 0.05), but OXTR increased (P < 0.05) compared with control animals. In both experimental groups, PTGS2 was mainly immunolocalized in surface epithelium, whereas AKR1C3, PTGES, PTGIS, and PGR were in surface and glandular epithelia. ESR1 and ESR2 were found in glandular epithelium and OXTR in stromal cells. High immunolabeling for PTGES, PTGIS, PGR, and OXTR and low for ESR2 was detected in endometrium of OXT-group mares with extended diestrus. Prolonged luteal function associated with chronic OXT treatment may be related to different spatial expression of OXTR and PGR in the endometrium. The observed reduction of endometrial ESR2 may be responsible for the maintenance of PGR in luminal and glandular epithelium. Also, ESR2 may attenuate the transcriptional activity of ESR1 in mare endometrium. This study offers new knowledge on the endometrial expression of ovarian steroids and OXT receptors in OXT pharmacologically induced luteal maintenance in the mare. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Corpo Lúteo/efeitos dos fármacos Cavalos/fisiologia Ovário/fisiologia Ocitocina/farmacologia Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/metabolismo Receptores de Ocitocina/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Corpo Lúteo/fisiologia Estrogênios/genética Estrogênios/metabolismo Feminino Ocitócicos/farmacologia Progestinas/genética Progestinas/metabolismo Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/genética Receptores Estrogênicos/genética Receptores Estrogênicos/metabolismo Receptores de Ocitocina/genética Receptores de Progesterona/genética Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Estrogens); 0 (Oxytocics); 0 (Progestins); 0 (Receptors, Estrogen); 0 (Receptors, Oxytocin); 0 (Receptors, Progesterone); 50-56-6 (Oxytocin); EC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1704 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171201 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171201 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161025 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28529269 [Au] Autor: Funahashi R; Sakamoto T; Taguchi N; Naiki R; Terashima R; Kawaminami M; Kurusu S [Ad] Endereço: Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan. [Ti] Título: Possible role of PPARγ in the negative regulation of ovulatory cascade and luteal development in rats. [So] Source: J Vet Med Sci;79(6):1043-1051, 2017 Jun 16. [Is] ISSN: 1347-7439 [Cp] País de publicação: Japan [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a member of a nuclear receptor family, has been shown to be implicated in various reproductive processes. Here, we evaluated possible roles of PPARγ in ovulation and luteal development in a gonadotropins-primed immature rat model. Immunoreactive PPARγ was expressed in granulosa cells of eCG-stimulated mature follicles, and its expression level decreased following ovulatory hCG stimulus. Intra-bursal treatment with rosiglitazone (a PPARγ agonist) simultaneously with subcutaneously administered hCG blocked the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in preovulatory follicles. Consistently, tissue levels of their respective products, prostaglandin (PG) E and progesterone (P4), were reduced, leading to significantly decreased ovulation rate. GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, was almost ineffective to alter those values. Local treatment with rosiglitazone 24 hr after hCG administration caused reductions in the size, StAR expression and P4 secretion of corpus luteum 48 hr later. Obtained data are possible functional evidence with rats for granulosa cell PPARγ as a negative regulator of PG and P4 synthesis during follicle rupture and transformation to luteal tissue. LH/hCG-induced decreases in PPARγ expression and its activity would be an early component in the proper induction of following ovulatory cascade and luteal development. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Corpo Lúteo/crescimento & desenvolvimento Ovulação/fisiologia PPAR gama/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia Corpo Lúteo/efeitos dos fármacos Corpo Lúteo/fisiologia Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo Regulação para Baixo Eicosanoides/biossíntese Feminino Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos PPAR gama/agonistas PPAR gama/antagonistas & inibidores Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo Ratos Ratos Wistar Esteroides/biossíntese Tiazolidinedionas/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Chorionic Gonadotropin); 0 (Eicosanoids); 0 (PPAR gamma); 0 (PPAR gamma, rat); 0 (Phosphoproteins); 0 (Steroids); 0 (Thiazolidinediones); 0 (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein); 05V02F2KDG (rosiglitazone); EC 1.14.99.1 (Cyclooxygenase 2); EC 1.14.99.1 (Ptgs2 protein, rat) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171024 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171024 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170523 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0162

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[PMID]: 28525334 [Au] Autor: Markiewicz W; Jaroszewski JJ [Ad] Endereço: . [Ti] Título: Influence of ß2- and ß3-adrenoceptor agonists on contractile activity of the porcine myometrium in the luteal phase and the first days of pregnancy. [So] Source: Pol J Vet Sci;20(1):111-121, 2017 Mar 28. [Is] ISSN: 1505-1773 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: This study analysed the relaxant properties of salbutamol (ß2-adrenoceptors agonist) and BRL 37344 (ß3-adrenoceptors agonist) regarding the contractility of porcine myometrium on days 10-14 of the oestrous cycle (cyclic group; n = 10) and on days 3-5 of pregnancy (early pregnant group; n = 6). The activity of myometrial strips (tension, frequency and amplitude) was recorded under isometric conditions using force transducers. The contractility was assessed further following the administration of increasing concentrations of the agonists (10-9-10-4 M), both with and without ß-adrenoceptor antagonists (butaxamine - a selective ß2- adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol- a non-selective ß1- and ß2-adrenoceptor antagonist and bupranolol - a non-selective ß1-, ß2- and ß3-adrenoceptor antagonist) at a concentration of 10-4 M. Although neither salbutamol nor BRL 37344 caused changes in the tension, at the highest concentrations they decreased the frequency and amplitude of contractions. These changes were more evident after salbutamol treatment and in the early pregnant group. Antagonists given alone did not cause changes in the parameters examined but changed some activity of the agonists. Butoxamine reduced the decrease in frequency and amplitude induced by salbutamol and produced a decrease in the tension after BRL 37344 treatment in the early pregnant group. Propranolol reduced the decrease in frequency and amplitude induced by salbutamol in both examined groups and did not cause significant changes in BRL 37344 activity. The administration of bupranolol before salbutamol treatment caused an increase in the tension and reduced the decrease in the frequency in the cyclic group. Moreover, bupranolol eliminated a decrease in frequency and induced an increase in amplitude caused by BRL 37344 in both groups and these changes were more evident in the early pregnant group. The data indicates that both ß2- and ß3-adenoreceptors are involved in the regulation of the contractility in both groups, but the changes after agonists and antagonists treatment are more evident in the early pregnant myometrium. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/farmacologia Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/farmacologia Corpo Lúteo/efeitos dos fármacos Miométrio/fisiologia Prenhez Suínos/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Albuterol/farmacocinética Albuterol/farmacologia Animais Bupranolol/farmacocinética Bupranolol/farmacologia Butoxamina/farmacocinética Butoxamina/farmacologia Corpo Lúteo/fisiologia Interações Medicamentosas Etanolaminas/farmacocinética Etanolaminas/farmacologia Feminino Gravidez Prenhez/fisiologia Contração Uterina/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists); 0 (Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists); 0 (Ethanolamines); 0NM31M53PW (Butoxamine); 5DZZ1926YW (BRL 37344); 858YGI5PIT (Bupranolol); QF8SVZ843E (Albuterol) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1706 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170520 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28504476 [Au] Autor: Imakawa K; Bai R; Nakamura K; Kusama K [Ad] Endereço: Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ti] Título: Thirty years of interferon-tau research; Past, present and future perspective. [So] Source: Anim Sci J;88(7):927-936, 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1740-0929 [Cp] País de publicação: Australia [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The year 2017 marks the 30th year since the discovery was made of amino acid and complementary DNA sequences of ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1), later renamed as interferon-tau (IFNτ). Ovine TP-1 was originally found as a secretory product of sheep conceptuses that rescues maternal corpus luteum (CL) and in fact, the uterine infusion of oTP-1 extended inter-estrous intervals. Finding this signaling molecule as an IFN-like sequence was surprising to the scientific community in reproduction because a homologous molecule in humans possesses anti-viral and anti-prolific activity and is often used in human medicines. However, since its discovery was made, large efforts have been made in the elucidation of transcriptional regulation and functions of bovine and ovine IFNτs, more importantly, the improvement of pregnancy rates in sheep and cattle, most of which resulted in unsuccessful outcomes. In this review, physiological, cellular and molecular events associated with continued secretion of progesterone, maternal recognition of pregnancy, identification, transcriptional regulation and function of IFNτ, and its future perspectives will be discussed. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Interferon Tipo I Proteínas da Gravidez Pesquisa/tendências [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Sequência de Aminoácidos Animais Antivirais Sequência de Bases Bovinos Corpo Lúteo Ciclo Estral/efeitos dos fármacos Feminino Seres Humanos Interferon Tipo I/química Interferon Tipo I/genética Interferon Tipo I/farmacologia Interferon Tipo I/fisiologia Gravidez Proteínas da Gravidez/química Proteínas da Gravidez/genética Proteínas da Gravidez/farmacologia Proteínas da Gravidez/fisiologia Progesterona/secreção Ovinos Fatores de Tempo Transcrição Genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antiviral Agents); 0 (Interferon Type I); 0 (Pregnancy Proteins); 0 (trophoblastin); 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170921 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170921 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170516 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1111/asj.12807

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[PMID]: 28498971 [Au] Autor: El Zowalaty AE; Li R; Zheng Y; Lydon JP; DeMayo FJ; Ye X [Ad] Endereço: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602. [Ti] Título: Deletion of RhoA in Progesterone Receptor-Expressing Cells Leads to Luteal Insufficiency and Infertility in Female Mice. [So] Source: Endocrinology;158(7):2168-2178, 2017 Jul 01. [Is] ISSN: 1945-7170 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) is widely expressed throughout the female reproductive system. To assess its role in progesterone receptor-expressing cells, we generated RhoA conditional knockout mice RhoAd/d (RhoAf/f-Pgr-Cre+/-). RhoAd/d female mice had comparable mating activity, serum luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and estradiol levels and ovulation with control but were infertile with progesterone insufficiency, indicating impaired steroidogenesis in RhoAd/d corpus luteum (CL). RhoA was highly expressed in wild-type luteal cells and conditionally deleted in RhoAd/d CL. Gestation day 3.5 (D3.5) RhoAd/d ovaries had reduced numbers of CL, less defined corpus luteal cord formation, and disorganized CL collagen IV staining. RhoAd/d CL had lipid droplet and free cholesterol accumulation, indicating the availability of cholesterol for steroidogenesis, but disorganized ß-actin and vimentin staining, indicating disrupted cytoskeleton integrity. Cytoskeleton is important for cytoplasmic cholesterol movement to mitochondria and for regulating mitochondria. Dramatically reduced expression of mitochondrial markers heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), voltage-dependent anion channel, and StAR was detected in RhoAd/d CL. StAR carries out the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis. StAR messenger RNA expression was reduced in RU486-treated D3.5 wild-type CL and tended to be induced in progesterone-treated D3.5 RhoAd/d CL, with parallel changes of HSP60 expression. These data demonstrated the in vivo function of RhoA in CL luteal cell cytoskeleton integrity, cholesterol transport, StAR expression, and progesterone synthesis, and a positive feedback on StAR expression in CL by progesterone signaling. These findings provide insights into mechanisms of progesterone insufficiency. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Manutenção do Corpo Lúteo/genética Infertilidade Feminina/genética Células Lúteas/metabolismo Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Corpo Lúteo/metabolismo Feminino Deleção de Genes Masculino Camundongos Camundongos Knockout Ovário/metabolismo Gravidez Progesterona/deficiência Progesterona/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Receptors, Progesterone); 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone); EC 3.6.5.2 (rhoA GTP-Binding Protein) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170929 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170929 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170513 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1796

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[PMID]: 28412388 [Au] Autor: Anuradha; Krishna A [Ad] Endereço: Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India. [Ti] Título: Prolactin modulates luteal activity in the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx during delayed embryonic development. [So] Source: Gen Comp Endocrinol;248:27-39, 2017 Jul 01. [Is] ISSN: 1095-6840 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of prolactin as a modulator of luteal steroidogenesis during the period of delayed embryonic development in Cynopterus sphinx. A marked decline in circulating prolactin levels was noted during the months of November through December coinciding with the period of decreased serum progesterone and delayed embryonic development. The seasonal changes in serum prolactin levels correlated positively with circulating progesterone (P) level, but inversely with circulating melatonin level during first pregnancy showing delayed development in Cynopterus sphinx. The results also showed decreased expression of prolactin receptor-short form (PRL-RS) both in the corpus luteum and in the utero-embryonic unit during the period of delayed embryonic development. Bats treated in vivo with prolactin during the period of delayed development showed significant increase in serum progesterone and estradiol levels together with significant increase in the expression of PRL-RS, luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R), steroidogenic acute receptor protein (STAR) and 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3ß-HSD) in the ovary. Prolactin stimulated ovarian angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor) and cell survival (B-cell lymphoma 2) in vivo. Significant increases in ovarian progesterone production and the expression of prolactin-receptor, LH-R, STAR and 3ß-HSD proteins were noted following the exposure of LH or prolactin in vitro during the delayed period. In conclusion, short-day associated increased melatonin level may be responsible for decreased prolactin release during November-December. The decline in prolactin level might play a role in suppressing P and estradiol-17ß (E2) estradiol levels thereby causing delayed embryonic development in C. sphinx. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Quirópteros/embriologia Quirópteros/metabolismo Corpo Lúteo/metabolismo Desenvolvimento Embrionário/efeitos dos fármacos Prolactina/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos Quirópteros/sangue Colesterol/sangue Corpo Lúteo/efeitos dos fármacos Estradiol/sangue Feminino Hormônio Luteinizante/metabolismo Melatonina/sangue Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos Gravidez Progesterona/sangue Prolactina/sangue Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo Receptores da Prolactina/metabolismo Ovinos Útero/efeitos dos fármacos Útero/metabolismo Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2); 0 (Receptors, Prolactin); 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A); 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone); 4TI98Z838E (Estradiol); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-67-9 (Luteinizing Hormone); 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol); JL5DK93RCL (Melatonin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171106 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171106 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170417 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28403161 [Au] Autor: Flajsman K; Jerina K; Pokorny B [Ad] Endereço: Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Ti] Título: Age-related effects of body mass on fertility and litter size in roe deer. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(4):e0175579, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: We analysed effects of females' body mass and age on reproductive capacity of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in a large sample set of 1312 females (305 yearlings and 1007 adults), hunted throughout Slovenia, central Europe, in the period 2013-2015. Body mass positively affected probability of ovulation and potential litter size (number of corpora lutea), although its effect was more pronounced in yearlings than in adults. Between age groups, we found clear differences in responses of both reproductive parameters to body mass which influences primarily reproductive performance of younger, and in particular, lighter individuals: at the same body mass yearlings would at average have smaller litters than adults, and at lower body mass also young to middle-aged adults would have smaller litters than old ones. In addition, while yearlings have to reach a critical threshold body mass to attain reproductive maturity, adult females are fertile (produce ova) even at low body mass. However, at higher body mass also younger individuals shift their efforts into the reproduction, and after reaching an age-specific threshold the body mass does not have any further effects on the reproductive output of roe deer females. Increased reproductive capacity at more advanced age, combined with declining body mass suggests that old does allocate more of their resources in reproduction than in body condition. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cervos/fisiologia Fertilidade [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Envelhecimento Animais Peso Corporal Corpo Lúteo/citologia Feminino Tamanho da Ninhada de Vivíparos Eslovênia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1704 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170824 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170824 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170414 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175579

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