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[PMID]: 29188462 [Au] Autor: Kim JH; Chang YS; Lee DW; Kim CG; Kim JW [Ad] Endereço: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, #156 Youngdeungpo-dong 4ga, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 150-034, South Korea. kimoph@gmail.com. [Ti] Título: Quantification of retinal changes after resolution of submacular hemorrhage secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. [So] Source: Jpn J Ophthalmol;62(1):54-62, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1613-2246 [Cp] País de publicação: Japan [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the thickness of retinal layers after resolution of submacular hemorrhage secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. METHODS: This study included 21 patients (21 eyes) who had been diagnosed with submacular hemorrhage secondary to PCV and treated using anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy. After the hemorrhage had resolved, the thicknesses of the retinal layers were measured on horizontal- and vertical-crosshair optical coherence tomography scan images. The thickness of each layer in the region affected by the hemorrhage was compared with the thickness of the layer in the corresponding region in the fellow eye, as well as between an unaffected region in the eye with the hemorrhage and the corresponding region in the fellow eye. RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed 5.5±2.8 months after diagnosis. In the horizontal OCT images, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) + photoreceptor layer (PRL) were significantly thinner in the affected region than in the corresponding region (P = 0.019 and P <0.001, respectively). In the vertical OCT image, the ONL+PRL was significantly thinner in the affected region than in the corresponding region (P <0.001). The thickness of the retinal layer in the unaffected region did not differ from that in the corresponding region of the fellow eye. CONCLUSIONS: The significant thinning of the outer retinal layers in the regions affected by submacular hemorrhage suggests that the hemorrhage induces marked damage in the outer retinal layers, explaining the poor visual prognosis of submacular hemorrhage. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Neovascularização de Coroide/fisiopatologia Pólipos/fisiopatologia Hemorragia Retiniana/fisiopatologia Neurônios Retinianos/patologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico Neovascularização de Coroide/complicações Neovascularização de Coroide/tratamento farmacológico Corantes/administração & dosagem Feminino Angiofluoresceinografia Seres Humanos Verde de Indocianina/administração & dosagem Injeções Intravítreas Masculino Meia-Idade Pólipos/complicações Pólipos/tratamento farmacológico Ranibizumab/uso terapêutico Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/uso terapêutico Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/uso terapêutico Hemorragia Retiniana/tratamento farmacológico Hemorragia Retiniana/etiologia Estudos Retrospectivos Tomografia de Coerência Óptica Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores Acuidade Visual [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Angiogenesis Inhibitors); 0 (Coloring Agents); 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins); 0 (VEGFA protein, human); 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A); 15C2VL427D (aflibercept); EC 2.7.10.1 (Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor); IX6J1063HV (Indocyanine Green); ZL1R02VT79 (Ranibizumab) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180119 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180119 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171201 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/s10384-017-0549-2

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[PMID]: 29075762 [Au] Autor: Okado S; Ueno S; Kominami T; Nakanishi A; Inooka D; Sayo A; Kondo M; Terasaki H [Ad] Endereço: Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. [Ti] Título: Temporal Properties of Flicker ERGs in Rabbit Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. [So] Source: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci;58(12):5518-5525, 2017 Oct 01. [Is] ISSN: 1552-5783 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Purpose: We determined the effects of a remodeled inner retina on the flicker electroretinograms (ERGs) in a rabbit eye at an advanced stage of inherited retinal degeneration. Methods: Six wild-type (WT) and four rhodopsin P347L transgenic (Tg) rabbits were studied at 18 months of age. Flicker ERGs were elicited by sinusoidal stimuli at frequencies of 3.906 to 50.781 Hz. To block the ON and OFF retinal pathways, 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB), and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3(1H, 4H)-dione (CNQX), respectively, were injected intravitreally. The amplitudes and phases of the fundamental components of the pre- and postdrug ERGs were analyzed. The postsynaptic APB (ON-) and CNQX (OFF-) sensitive components were determined by examining the phases and amplitude vectors. Results: The temporal properties of the Tg rabbits were different from those of the WT rabbits and had unique features; at 3.906 Hz, the amplitude was depressed but it increased by more than 3.5-fold at 15.625 Hz. The reduction of the amplitude at 3.906 Hz in Tg rabbits was caused by a cancelation of the ON and OFF components by a phase difference of 180°. On the other hand, an increase in the amplitude at 15.625 Hz in Tg rabbits was caused by the summation of the ON and OFF components, which had an approximate 120° phase difference. Conclusions: The temporal properties of the flicker ERGs of Tg rabbits were affected markedly by the remodeling of the retinal neurons. Evaluations of the flicker ERGs in RP eyes must be done with careful considerations of the current findings. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Eletrorretinografia/métodos Retina/fisiopatologia Retinite Pigmentosa/fisiopatologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Animais Geneticamente Modificados Modelos Animais de Doenças Estimulação Luminosa Coelhos Retina/patologia Neurônios Retinianos/fisiologia Retinite Pigmentosa/diagnóstico [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171102 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171102 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171028 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22332

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[PMID]: 28953973 [Au] Autor: Wang S; Hu T; Wang Z; Li N; Zhou L; Liao L; Wang M; Liao L; Wang H; Zeng L; Fan C; Zhou H; Xiong K; Huang J; Chen D [Ad] Endereço: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China. [Ti] Título: Macroglia-derived thrombospondin 2 regulates alterations of presynaptic proteins of retinal neurons following elevated hydrostatic pressure. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(9):e0185388, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Many studies on retinal injury and repair following elevated intraocular pressure suggest that the survival ratio of retinal neurons has been improved by various measures. However, the visual function recovery is far lower than expected. The homeostasis of retinal synapses in the visual signal pathway is the key structural basis for the delivery of visual signals. Our previous studies found that complicated changes in the synaptic structure between retinal neurons occurred much earlier than obvious degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in rat retinae. The lack of consideration of these earlier retinal synaptic changes in the rescue strategy may be partly responsible for the limited visual function recovery with the types of protective methods for retinal neurons used following elevated intraocular pressure. Thus, research on the modulatory mechanisms of the synaptic changes after elevated intraocular pressure injury may give new light to visual function rescue. In this study, we found that thrombospondin 2, an important regulator of synaptogenesis in central nervous system development, was distributed in retinal macroglia cells, and its receptor α2δ-1 was in retinal neurons. Cell cultures including mixed retinal macroglia cells/neuron cultures and retinal neuron cultures were exposed to elevated hydrostatic pressure for 2 h. The expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (the marker of activated macroglia cells), thrombospondin 2, α2δ-1 and presynaptic proteins were increased following elevated hydrostatic pressure in mixed cultures, but the expression levels of postsynaptic proteins were not changed. SiRNA targeting thrombospondin 2 could decrease the upregulation of presynaptic proteins induced by the elevated hydrostatic pressure. However, in retinal neuron cultures, elevated hydrostatic pressure did not affect the expression of presynaptic or postsynaptic proteins. Rather, the retinal neuron cultures with added recombinant thrombospondin 2 protein upregulated the level of presynaptic proteins. Finally, gabapentin decreased the expression of presynaptic proteins in mixed cultures by blocking the interaction of thrombospondin 2 and α2δ-1. Taken together, these results indicate that activated macroglia cells may participate in alterations of presynaptic proteins of retinal neurons following elevated hydrostatic pressure, and macroglia-derived thrombospondin 2 may modulate these changes via binding to its neuronal receptor α2δ-1. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Pressão Hidrostática Neuroglia/metabolismo Terminações Pré-Sinápticas/metabolismo Neurônios Retinianos/metabolismo Trombospondinas/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo Células Cultivadas Proteína 4 Homóloga a Disks-Large Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/metabolismo Proteínas de Arcabouço Homer/metabolismo Seres Humanos Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo Ratos Sprague-Dawley Sinapsinas/metabolismo Sinaptofisina/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cacna2d2 protein, rat); 0 (Calcium Channels); 0 (Carrier Proteins); 0 (Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein); 0 (Dlg4 protein, rat); 0 (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein); 0 (Homer Scaffolding Proteins); 0 (Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins); 0 (Membrane Proteins); 0 (Synapsins); 0 (Synaptophysin); 0 (Thrombospondins); 0 (gephyrin); 0 (thrombospondin 2) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170928 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185388

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[PMID]: 28945811 [Au] Autor: Mukherjee N; McBurney-Lin S; Kuo A; Bedlack R; Tseng H [Ad] Endereço: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America. [Ti] Título: Retinal thinning in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients without ophthalmic disease. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(9):e0185242, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: IMPORTANCE: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects motor neurons. Recently, three causative genes have been implicated in both ALS and glaucoma. However, it is still uncertain whether patients with ALS have neurodegeneration in their retinas. If so, retinal thickness measurements might be a useful biomarker for ALS progression. Previous work in this area has been inconclusive, as it has not taken into account the effect of ophthalmic diseases on retinal thinning. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are differences in retinal neurons in ALS patients utilizing spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). We tested the hypothesis that ALS patients exhibit retinal neurodegeneration that is not associated with ophthalmic diseases. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: Observational, comparative, cross-sectional study performed on patients recruited from the Duke University Medical Center ALS clinic. Patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination to rule out ocular pathology. 21 patients met inclusion criteria. Two eyes with ocular pathology were excluded, leading to a total of 40 eyes of 21 patients included in the study. Retinal neurodegeneration was assessed by retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurement using SD-OCT (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: ALS disease severity, determined through the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R); mean and six sector RNFL thickness values compared to age-adjusted values in the normative database provided by Heidelberg Engineering; RNFL thickness correlation with ALSFRS-R, ALSFRS-R progression rate, forced vital capacity (FVC), and visual acuity. RESULTS: ALSFRS-R mean score was 30+/-10. Mean RNFL thickness in ALS patients was 88.95 +/- 10.8 microns, significantly thinner than values in the normative database (95.81 +/- 0.8). These RNFL thickness values did not demonstrate correlation to ALSFRS-R score, ALSFRS-R progression rate, FVC, intraocular pressure, or visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Using SD-OCT, our study shows that ALS patients without ocular pathology exhibit thinned retinal layers. Future studies are warranted to clarify the clinical relationship between retinal thinning and motor neuron loss in ALS. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/patologia Retina/patologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/genética Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/fisiopatologia Estudos Transversais Progressão da Doença Feminino Seres Humanos Pressão Intraocular Masculino Meia-Idade Degeneração Neural/patologia Fibras Nervosas/patologia Neurônios Retinianos/patologia Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos Acuidade Visual [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171023 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171023 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170926 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185242

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[PMID]: 28926564 [Au] Autor: Humplik J; Tkacik G [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria. [Ti] Título: Probabilistic models for neural populations that naturally capture global coupling and criticality. [So] Source: PLoS Comput Biol;13(9):e1005763, 2017 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1553-7358 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Advances in multi-unit recordings pave the way for statistical modeling of activity patterns in large neural populations. Recent studies have shown that the summed activity of all neurons strongly shapes the population response. A separate recent finding has been that neural populations also exhibit criticality, an anomalously large dynamic range for the probabilities of different population activity patterns. Motivated by these two observations, we introduce a class of probabilistic models which takes into account the prior knowledge that the neural population could be globally coupled and close to critical. These models consist of an energy function which parametrizes interactions between small groups of neurons, and an arbitrary positive, strictly increasing, and twice differentiable function which maps the energy of a population pattern to its probability. We show that: 1) augmenting a pairwise Ising model with a nonlinearity yields an accurate description of the activity of retinal ganglion cells which outperforms previous models based on the summed activity of neurons; 2) prior knowledge that the population is critical translates to prior expectations about the shape of the nonlinearity; 3) the nonlinearity admits an interpretation in terms of a continuous latent variable globally coupling the system whose distribution we can infer from data. Our method is independent of the underlying system's state space; hence, it can be applied to other systems such as natural scenes or amino acid sequences of proteins which are also known to exhibit criticality. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Biologia Computacional/métodos Modelos Neurológicos Modelos Estatísticos Neurônios/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Neurônios Retinianos/fisiologia Termodinâmica Urodelos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171018 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171018 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170920 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005763

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[PMID]: 28898356 [Au] Autor: Amini N; Daneshvar R; Sharifipour F; Romero P; Henry S; Caprioli J; Nouri-Mahdavi K [Ad] Endereço: Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States. [Ti] Título: Structure-Function Relationships in Perimetric Glaucoma: Comparison of Minimum-Rim Width and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Parameters. [So] Source: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci;58(11):4623-4631, 2017 Sep 01. [Is] ISSN: 1552-5783 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Purpose: To test the hypotheses that: (1) structure-function (SF) relationships between visual fields (VF) and Bruch's membrane opening-based minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) measurements are superior to those for peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) in perimetric glaucoma; (2) BMO-MRW measurements may extend the utility of structural measurement across the range of glaucoma severity; and (3) to estimate the influence of Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) size on BMO-MRW measurements. Methods: One hundred eight perimetric glaucoma eyes (68 patients) with good quality spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images of the optic disc and pRNFL, and reliable VF within 6 months were recruited. Relationship of global and sectoral BMO-MRW and pRNFL thickness with corresponding VF parameters and the influence of normalizing BMO-MRW (on BMO circumference, nBMO-MRW) on SF relationships were investigated. Broken-stick models were used to compare the point at which pRNFL and BMO-MRW parameters reached their measurement floor. Results: The median (interquartile range) of VF mean deviation was -5.9 (-12.6 to -3.6) dB. Spearman correlation coefficients between pRNFL, BMO-MRW, and nBMO-MRW measures and corresponding VF cluster average deviations ranged between 0.55 to 0.80, 0.35 to 0.66, and 0.38 to 0.65, respectively. Bruch's membrane opening-MRW parameters demonstrated weaker SF relationships compared with pRNFL globally and in temporal, temporal-superior, and nasal-inferior sectors (P < 0.03). Normalization of BMO-MRW did not significantly influence SF relationships. Conclusions: Structure-function relationships were somewhat weaker with BMO-MRW parameters compared with pRNFL in eyes with perimetric glaucoma. Bruch's membrane opening-MRW normalization did not significantly change SF relationships in this group of eyes with mild departures from average BMO size. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/patologia Neurônios Retinianos/patologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Lâmina Basilar da Corioide/patologia Feminino Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/diagnóstico por imagem Seres Humanos Masculino Disco Óptico/patologia Índice de Gravidade de Doença Tomografia de Coerência Óptica Campos Visuais [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170920 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170920 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170913 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21936

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[PMID]: 28827801 [Au] Autor: Neri P [Ad] Endereço: Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, Département d'études cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France. [Ti] Título: Object segmentation controls image reconstruction from natural scenes. [So] Source: PLoS Biol;15(8):e1002611, 2017 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1545-7885 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The structure of the physical world projects images onto our eyes. However, those images are often poorly representative of environmental structure: well-defined boundaries within the eye may correspond to irrelevant features of the physical world, while critical features of the physical world may be nearly invisible at the retinal projection. The challenge for the visual cortex is to sort these two types of features according to their utility in ultimately reconstructing percepts and interpreting the constituents of the scene. We describe a novel paradigm that enabled us to selectively evaluate the relative role played by these two feature classes in signal reconstruction from corrupted images. Our measurements demonstrate that this process is quickly dominated by the inferred structure of the environment, and only minimally controlled by variations of raw image content. The inferential mechanism is spatially global and its impact on early visual cortex is fast. Furthermore, it retunes local visual processing for more efficient feature extraction without altering the intrinsic transduction noise. The basic properties of this process can be partially captured by a combination of small-scale circuit models and large-scale network architectures. Taken together, our results challenge compartmentalized notions of bottom-up/top-down perception and suggest instead that these two modes are best viewed as an integrated perceptual mechanism. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Modelos Neurológicos Neurônios/fisiologia Retina/fisiologia Neurônios Retinianos/fisiologia Visão Ocular Córtex Visual/fisiologia Percepção Visual [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Algoritmos Biomarcadores/análise Mapeamento Encefálico Eletroencefalografia Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Rede Nervosa/fisiologia Processamento Espacial Campos Visuais Vias Visuais/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Biomarkers) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171009 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171009 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170823 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002611

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[PMID]: 28806446 [Au] Autor: Kung F; Wang W; Tran TS; Townes-Anderson E [Ad] Endereço: Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, United States. [Ti] Título: Sema3A Reduces Sprouting of Adult Rod Photoreceptors In Vitro. [So] Source: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci;58(10):4318­4331, 2017 08 01. [Is] ISSN: 1552-5783 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Purpose: Rod photoreceptor terminals respond to retinal injury with retraction and sprouting. Since the guidance cue Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) is observed in the retina after injury, we asked whether Sema3A contributes to structural plasticity in rod photoreceptors. Methods: We used Western blots and alkaline phosphatase (AP)-tagged neuropilin-1 (NPN-1) to detect the expression of Sema3A in an organotypic model of porcine retinal detachment. We then examined Sema3A binding to cultured salamander rod photoreceptors using AP-tagged Sema3A. For functional analysis, we used a microspritzer to apply a gradient of Sema3A-Fc to isolated salamander rod photoreceptors over 24 hours. Results: Sema3A protein was biochemically detected in porcine retinal explants in the retina 7, 24, and 72 hours after detachment. In sections, NPN-1 receptor was bound to the inner and outer retina. For isolated rod photoreceptors, Sema3A localized to synaptic terminals and to neuritic processes after 1 week in vitro. In microspritzed rod photoreceptors, process initiation occurred away from high concentrations of Sema3A. Sema3A significantly decreased the number of processes formed by rod photoreceptors although the average length of processes was not affected. The cellular orientation of rod photoreceptors relative to the microspritzer also significantly changed over time; this effect was reduced with the Sema3A inhibitor, xanthofulvin. Conclusion: Sema3A is expressed in the retina after detachment, binds to rod photoreceptors, affects cell orientation, and reduces photoreceptor process initiation in vitro. Our results suggest that Sema3A contributes to axonal retraction in retinal injury, whereas rod neuritic sprouting and regenerative synaptogenesis may require a reduction in semaphorin signaling. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Modelos Animais de Doenças Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia Descolamento Retiniano/metabolismo Neurônios Retinianos/fisiologia Células Fotorreceptoras Retinianas Bastonetes/metabolismo Semaforina-3A/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo Ambystoma Animais Western Blotting Células Cultivadas Neuritos/fisiologia Neuropilina-1/metabolismo Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos Terminações Pré-Sinápticas Suínos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Semaphorin-3A); 144713-63-3 (Neuropilin-1); EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170915 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170915 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170815 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21075

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[PMID]: 28803066 [Au] Autor: Do YJ; Sul JW; Jang KH; Kang NS; Kim YH; Kim YG; Kim E [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea. [Ti] Título: A novel RIPK1 inhibitor that prevents retinal degeneration in a rat glaucoma model. [So] Source: Exp Cell Res;359(1):30-38, 2017 Oct 01. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2422 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are exposed to ischemic stress with elevation of the intraocular pressure and are subsequently lost. Necroptosis, a type of regulated necrosis, is known to play a pivotal role in this loss. We observed that receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), the key player of necroptosis, was activated by diverse ischemic stresses, including TCZ, chemical hypoxia (CH), and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). In this study, we introduce a RIPK1-inhibitory compound (RIC) with a novel scaffold. RIC inhibited downstream events following RIPK1 activation, including necrosome formation and mitochondrial dysfunction in RGC5 cells. Moreover, RIC protected RGCs against ischemic injury in the rat glaucoma model, which was induced by acute high intraocular pressure. However, RIC displayed biochemical characteristics that are distinct from those of previous RIPK1 inhibitors (necrostatin-1; Nec-1 and Compound 27; Cpd27). RIC protected RGCs against OGD insult, while Nec-1 and Cpd27 did not. Conversely, Nec-1 and Cpd27 protected RGCs from TNF-stimulated death, while RIC failed to inhibit the death of RGCs. This implies that RIPK1 activates alternative pathways depending on the context of the ischemic insults. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Glaucoma/tratamento farmacológico Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico Degeneração Retiniana/tratamento farmacológico Degeneração Retiniana/prevenção & controle [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos Hipóxia Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Células Cultivadas Cicloeximida Modelos Animais de Doenças Glaucoma/complicações Glaucoma/patologia Glucose/deficiência Células HT29 Seres Humanos Injeções Intraperitoneais Isquemia/complicações Isquemia/patologia Masculino Camundongos Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos Mitocôndrias/metabolismo Necrose Neuroproteção/efeitos dos fármacos Oligopeptídeos Oxigênio Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo Ratos Sprague-Dawley Degeneração Retiniana/complicações Degeneração Retiniana/patologia Neurônios Retinianos/efeitos dos fármacos Neurônios Retinianos/metabolismo Neurônios Retinianos/patologia Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Oligopeptides); 0 (Protein Kinase Inhibitors); 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha); 0 (benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartic acid); 98600C0908 (Cycloheximide); EC 2.7.11.1 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases); EC 2.7.11.1 (RIP1 protein, rat); IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose); S88TT14065 (Oxygen) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171016 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171016 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170814 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28674177 [Au] Autor: Arcaro MJ; Livingstone MS [Ad] Endereço: Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 michael_arcaro@hms.harvard.edu. [Ti] Título: Retinotopic Organization of Scene Areas in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex. [So] Source: J Neurosci;37(31):7373-7389, 2017 Aug 02. [Is] ISSN: 1529-2401 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Primates have specialized domains in inferior temporal (IT) cortex that are responsive to particular image categories. Though IT traditionally has been regarded as lacking retinotopy, several recent studies in monkeys have shown that retinotopic maps extend to face patches along the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and neighboring regions of IT cortex. Here, we used fMRI to map the retinotopic organization of medial ventral temporal cortex in four monkeys (2 male and 2 female). We confirm the presence of visual field maps within and around the lower bank of the STS and extend these prior findings to scene-selective cortex in the ventral-most regions of IT. Within the occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS), we identified two retinotopic areas, OTS1 and OTS2. The polar angle representation of OTS2 was a mirror reversal of the OTS1 representation. These regions contained representations of the contralateral periphery and were selectively active for scene versus face, body, or object images. The extent of this retinotopy parallels that in humans and shows that the organization of the scene network is preserved across primate species. In addition retinotopic maps were identified in dorsal extrastriate, posterior parietal, and frontal cortex as well as the thalamus, including both the lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar. Together, it appears that most, if not all, of the macaque visual system contains organized representations of visual space. Primates have specialized domains in inferior temporal (IT) cortex that are responsive to particular image categories. Though retinotopic maps are considered a fundamental organizing principle of posterior visual cortex, IT traditionally has been regarded as lacking retinotopy. Recent imaging studies have demonstrated the presence of several visual field maps within the lateral IT. Using neuroimaging, we found multiple representations of visual space within ventral IT cortex of macaques that included scene-selective cortex. Scene domains were biased toward the peripheral visual field. These data demonstrate the prevalence of visual field maps throughout the primate visual system, including late stages in the ventral visual hierarchy, and support the idea that domains representing different categories are biased toward different parts of the visual field. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Rede Nervosa/fisiologia Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia Neurônios Retinianos/fisiologia Lobo Temporal/fisiologia Córtex Visual/fisiologia Campos Visuais/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Feminino Macaca mulatta Masculino Vias Neurais/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170822 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170822 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170705 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0569-17.2017

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