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[PMID]: 29335537 [Au] Autor: Hu D; Clarke JA; Eliason CM; Qiu R; Li Q; Shawkey MD; Zhao C; D'Alba L; Jiang J; Xu X [Ad] Endereço: Shenyang Normal University, Paleontological Museum of Liaoning, Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Land and Resources, 253 North Huanghe Street, 110034, Shenyang, China. hudongyu@synu.edu.cn. [Ti] Título: A bony-crested Jurassic dinosaur with evidence of iridescent plumage highlights complexity in early paravian evolution. [So] Source: Nat Commun;9(1):217, 2018 01 15. [Is] ISSN: 2041-1723 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The Jurassic Yanliao theropods have offered rare glimpses of the early paravian evolution and particularly of bird origins, but, with the exception of the bizarre scansoriopterygids, they have shown similar skeletal and integumentary morphologies. Here we report a distinctive new Yanliao theropod species bearing prominent lacrimal crests, bony ornaments previously known from more basal theropods. It shows longer arm and leg feathers than Anchiornis and tail feathers with asymmetrical vanes forming a tail surface area even larger than that in Archaeopteryx. Nanostructures, interpreted as melanosomes, are morphologically similar to organized, platelet-shaped organelles that produce bright iridescent colours in extant birds. The new species indicates the presence of bony ornaments, feather colour and flight-related features consistent with proposed rapid character evolution and significant diversity in signalling and locomotor strategies near bird origins. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aves/anatomia & histologia Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia Dinossauros/anatomia & histologia Plumas/anatomia & histologia Fósseis [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Evolução Biológica Cor Voo Animal Melanossomas Asas de Animais/anatomia & histologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S. [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180117 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02515-y

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[PMID]: 28747395 [Au] Autor: Nabawy MRA; Crowther WJ [Ad] Endereço: School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK mostafa.ahmednabawy@manchester.ac.uk. [Ti] Título: The role of the leading edge vortex in lift augmentation of steadily revolving wings: a change in perspective. [So] Source: J R Soc Interface;14(132), 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1742-5662 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The presence of a stable leading edge vortex (LEV) on steadily revolving wings increases the maximum lift coefficient that can be generated from the wing and its role is important to understanding natural flyers and flapping wing vehicles. In this paper, the role of LEV in lift augmentation is discussed under two hypotheses referred to as 'additional lift' and 'absence of stall'. The 'additional lift' hypothesis represents the traditional view. It presumes that an additional suction/circulation from the LEV increases the lift above that of a potential flow solution. This behaviour may be represented through either the 'Polhamus leading edge suction' model or the so-called 'trapped vortex' model. The 'absence of stall' hypothesis is a more recent contender that presumes that the LEV prevents stall at high angles of attack where flow separation would normally occur. This behaviour is represented through the so-called 'normal force' model. We show that all three models can be written in the form of the same potential flow kernel with modifiers to account for the presence of a LEV. The modelling is built on previous work on quasi-steady models for hovering wings such that model parameters are determined from first principles, which allows a fair comparison between the models themselves, and the models and experimental data. We show that the two models which directly include the LEV as a lift generating component are built on a physical picture that does not represent the available experimental data. The simpler 'normal force' model, which does not explicitly model the LEV, performs best against data in the literature. We conclude that under steady conditions the LEV as an 'absence of stall' model/mechanism is the most satisfying explanation for observed aerodynamic behaviour. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Modelos Biológicos Asas de Animais/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Fenômenos Biomecânicos Simulação por Computador Voo Animal/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180228 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180228 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170728 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29439229 [Au] Autor: Wainwright PC [Ad] Endereço: Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. pcwainwright@ucdavis.edu. [Ti] Título: How hummingbirds stay nimble on the wing. [So] Source: Science;359(6376):636-637, 2018 02 09. [Is] ISSN: 1095-9203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aves Voo Animal [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Fenômenos Biomecânicos Asas de Animais [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; COMMENT [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180227 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180227 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180214 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1126/science.aar7615

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[PMID]: 29385390 [Au] Autor: Chen T; Cong Q; Qi Y; Jin J; Choy KL [Ad] Endereço: Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R., China. [Ti] Título: Hydrophobic durability characteristics of butterfly wing surface after freezing cycles towards the design of nature inspired anti-icing surfaces. [So] Source: PLoS One;13(1):e0188775, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The hydrophobicity and anti-icing performance of the surfaces of some artificial hydrophobic coatings degraded after several icing and de-icing cycles. In this paper, the frost formation on the surfaces of butterfly wings from ten different species was observed, and the contact angles were measured after 0 to 6 frosting/defrosting cycles. The results show that no obvious changes in contact angle for the butterfly wing specimens were not obvious during the frosting/defrosting process. Further, the conclusion was inferred that the topography of the butterfly wing surface forms a special space structure which has a larger space inside that can accommodate more frozen droplets; this behavior prevents destruction of the structure. The findings of this study may provide a basis and new concepts for the design of novel industrially important surfaces to inhibit frost/ice growth, such as durable anti-icing coatings, which may decrease or prevent the socio-economic loss. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Borboletas Congelamento Gelo Asas de Animais [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Borboletas/classificação Especificidade da Espécie [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Ice) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180227 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180227 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180201 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188775

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[PMID]: 29225171 [Au] Autor: Bi C; Meng F; Yang L; Cheng L; Wang P; Chen M; Fang M; Xie H [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. [Ti] Título: CtBP represses Dpp signaling as a dimer. [So] Source: Biochem Biophys Res Commun;495(2):1980-1985, 2018 01 08. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2104 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) is a highly conserved transcriptional co-repressor in animal development and human diseases. In Drosophila, CtBP is critical for fly development and is thought to exert its repressive roles in many signaling pathways including Dpp/BMP pathway. Here we provide evidence that although wild type CtBP negatively and dominantly influences Dpp signaling in fly presumptive wings, mutant CtBP unable to form dimer does not, indicating that dimerization is required for the repression role of CtBP in Dpp signaling in vivo. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Oxirredutases do Álcool/metabolismo Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo Drosophila/crescimento & desenvolvimento Drosophila/metabolismo Morfogênese/fisiologia Asas de Animais/crescimento & desenvolvimento Asas de Animais/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Células Cultivadas Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/fisiologia Multimerização Proteica/fisiologia Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins); 0 (Drosophila Proteins); 0 (dpp protein, Drosophila); EC 1.1.- (Alcohol Oxidoreductases); EC 1.1.1.- (C-terminal binding protein) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180214 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180214 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171212 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29329292 [Au] Autor: Feindt W; Oppenheim SJ; DeSalle R; Goldstein PZ; Hadrys H [Ad] Endereço: University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, ITZ-Division of Ecology and Evolution, Hannover, Germany. [Ti] Título: Transcriptome profiling with focus on potential key genes for wing development and evolution in Megaloprepus caerulatus, the damselfly species with the world's largest wings. [So] Source: PLoS One;13(1):e0189898, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The evolution, development and coloration of insect wings remains a puzzling subject in evolutionary research. In basal flying insects such as Odonata, genomic research regarding bauplan evolution is still rare. Here we focus on the world's largest odonate species-the "forest giant" Megaloprepus caerulatus, to explore its potential for looking deeper into the development and evolution of wings. A recently discovered cryptic species complex in this genus previously considered monotypic is characterized by morphological differences in wing shape and color patterns. As a first step toward understanding wing pattern divergence and pathways involved in adaptation and speciation at the genomic level, we present a transcriptome profiling of M. caerulatus using RNA-Seq and compare these data with two other odonate species. The de novo transcriptome assembly consists of 61,560 high quality transcripts and is approximately 93% complete. For almost 75% of the identified transcripts a possible function could be assigned: 48,104 transcripts had a hit to an InterPro protein family or domain, and 28,653 were mapped to a Gene Ontology term. In particular, we focused on genes related to wing development and coloration. The comparison with two other species revealed larva-specific genes and a conserved 'core' set of over 8,000 genes forming orthologous clusters with Ischnura elegans and Ladona fulva. This transcriptome may provide a first point of reference for future research in odonates addressing questions surrounding the evolution of wing development, wing coloration and their role in speciation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Evolução Biológica Perfilação da Expressão Gênica Odonatos/genética Asas de Animais/crescimento & desenvolvimento [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180210 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180210 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180113 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189898

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[PMID]: 29390685 [Au] Autor: Yin D; Wei Z; Wang Z; Zhou C [Ad] Endereço: College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China. [Ti] Título: Measurement of shape and deformation of insect wing. [So] Source: Rev Sci Instrum;89(1):014301, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1089-7623 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: To measure the shape and deformation of an insect wing, a scanning setup adopting laser triangulation and image matching was developed. Only one industry camera with two light sources was employed to scan the transparent insect wings. 3D shape and point to point full field deformation of the wings could be obtained even when the wingspan is less than 3 mm. The venation and corrugation could be significantly identified from the results. The deformation of the wing under pin loading could be seen clearly from the results as well. Calibration shows that the shape and deformation measurement accuracies are no lower than 0.01 mm. Laser triangulation and image matching were combined dexterously to adapt wings' complex shape, size, and transparency. It is suitable for insect flight research or flapping wing micro-air vehicle development. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Lasers Asas de Animais/anatomia & histologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Simulação por Computador Voo Animal Insetos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180208 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180208 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180203 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1063/1.5019200

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[PMID]: 28463224 [Au] Autor: Bluman J; Kang CK [Ad] Endereço: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, United States of America. [Ti] Título: Wing-wake interaction destabilizes hover equilibrium of a flapping insect-scale wing. [So] Source: Bioinspir Biomim;12(4):046004, 2017 06 15. [Is] ISSN: 1748-3190 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Wing-wake interaction is a characteristic nonlinear flow feature that can enhance unsteady lift in flapping flight. However, the effects of wing-wake interaction on the flight dynamics of hover are inadequately understood. We use a well-validated 2D Navier-Stokes equation solver and a quasi-steady model to investigate the role of wing-wake interaction on the hover stability of a fruit fly scale flapping flyer. The Navier-Stokes equations capture wing-wake interaction, whereas the quasi-steady models do not. Both aerodynamic models are tightly coupled to a flight dynamic model, which includes the effects of wing mass. The flapping amplitude, stroke plane angle, and flapping offset angle are adjusted in free flight for various wing rotations to achieve hover equilibrium. We present stability results for 152 simulations which consider different kinematics involving the pitch amplitude and pitch axis as well as the duration and timing of pitch rotation. The stability of all studied motions was qualitatively similar, with an unstable oscillatory mode present in each case. Wing-wake interaction has a destabilizing effect on the longitudinal stability, which cannot be predicted by a quasi-steady model. Wing-wake interaction increases the tendency of the flapping flyer to pitch up in the presence of a horizontal velocity perturbation, which further destabilizes the unstable oscillatory mode of hovering flight dynamics. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Biomimética/instrumentação Dípteros/fisiologia Voo Animal/fisiologia Asas de Animais/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Ar Animais Fenômenos Biomecânicos Insetos/fisiologia Modelos Biológicos Fatores de Tempo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S.; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180208 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180208 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170503 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aa7085

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[PMID]: 29187608 [Au] Autor: Chivers BD; Jonsson T; Soulsbury CD; Montealegre-Z F [Ad] Endereço: School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK. [Ti] Título: Structural biomechanics determine spectral purity of bush-cricket calls. [So] Source: Biol Lett;13(11), 2017 11. [Is] ISSN: 1744-957X [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) generate sound using tegminal stridulation. Signalling effectiveness is affected by the widely varying acoustic parameters of temporal pattern, frequency and spectral purity (tonality). During stridulation, frequency multiplication occurs as a scraper on one wing scrapes across a file of sclerotized teeth on the other. The frequency with which these tooth-scraper interactions occur, along with radiating wing cell resonant properties, dictates both frequency and tonality in the call. Bush-cricket species produce calls ranging from resonant, tonal calls through to non-resonant, broadband signals. The differences are believed to result from differences in file tooth arrangement and wing radiators, but a systematic test of the structural causes of broadband or tonal calls is lacking. Using phylogenetically controlled structural equation models, we show that parameters of file tooth density and file length are the best-fitting predictors of tonality across 40 bush-cricket species. Features of file morphology constrain the production of spectrally pure signals, but systematic distribution of teeth alone does not explain pure-tone sound production in this family. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Comunicação Animal Gryllidae/anatomia & histologia Asas de Animais/anatomia & histologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Acústica Animais Fenômenos Biomecânicos Gryllidae/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180204 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180204 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171201 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29258759 [Au] Autor: Shahin R; Iwanaga M; Kawasaki H [Ad] Endereço: Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan. [Ti] Título: Expression profiles of cuticular protein genes in wing tissues during pupal to adult stages and the deduced adult cuticular structure of Bombyx mori. [So] Source: Gene;646:181-194, 2018 Mar 10. [Is] ISSN: 1879-0038 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: We aimed to clarify the regulation of cuticular protein (CP) gene expression and the resulting insect cuticular layers by comparing the expression pattern of CP genes and related ecdysone-responsive transcription factor (ERTF) genes, the coding amino acid sequences of CP genes, and histological observation. The expression of CP and ERTF genes during pupal and adult stages was examined via qPCR. The number of CP genes expressed during pupal and adult stages decreased as compared to that during prepupal to pupation stages, particularly in CPRs. The peaks of transcripts were observed at P5, P6, P9, A0, and A1. The order of the ERTF and CP genes expression resembled that at prepupal and pupation stages, suggesting the relatedness of ERTFs with the same CP genes at both stages. Moreover, the order of expression of CP genes resembled that in prepupal to pupation stages, by which we presumed the spaces of CPs in the epicuticle, outer-exocuticle, inner-exocuticle, endocuticle layer. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Bombyx/crescimento & desenvolvimento Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos Proteínas de Insetos/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Bombyx/genética Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento Fatores de Transcrição/genética Asas de Animais/crescimento & desenvolvimento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Insect Proteins); 0 (Transcription Factors); 0 (cuticle proteins, insects) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180202 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180202 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171221 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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