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[PMID]: 28888123 [Au] Autor: Tot A; Vranes M; Maksimovic I; Putnik-Delic M; Danicic M; Belic S; Gadzuric S [Ad] Endereço: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. [Ti] Título: The effect of imidazolium based ionic liquids on wheat and barley germination and growth: Influence of length and oxygen functionalization of alkyl side chain. [So] Source: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf;147:401-406, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2414 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In this work five different imidazolium based ionic liquids, namely: 1-(2-oxybutyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C OC mIm][Cl]; 1-(2-oxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C OC mIm][Cl]; 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-ethylimidazolium chloride, [OHC eIm][Cl]; 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [OHC mIm][Cl]; 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [OHC mIm][Cl], together with commercial 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [bmim][Cl] and synthesized protic imidazolium chloride, [Im][Cl], were prepared and their toxicity examined towards wheat and barley germination and growth. Introduction of the polar groups (in the form of hydroxyde and/or ether group) in the alkyl side chain of the imidazolium cation and their influence on the reduction of the ionic liquid's toxicity is demonstrated. The results indicate that toxicity of oxygen functionalized ILs is significantly lower against wheat comparing to non-functionalized analogues. In the case of barley, influence on germination follow the same trend as in the case of wheat, but for seedlings growth different trend is observed with more pronounced toxicity of ether functionalized ILs. From these results it was also shown that alkylation in the position N-3 atom of the imidazole significantly reduces toxicity of cation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos Hordeum/efeitos dos fármacos Imidazóis/toxicidade Líquidos Iônicos/toxicidade Oxigênio/química Triticum/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Cátions Hordeum/crescimento & desenvolvimento Imidazóis/síntese química Imidazóis/química Líquidos Iônicos/síntese química Líquidos Iônicos/química Estrutura Molecular Plântulas/efeitos dos fármacos Plântulas/crescimento & desenvolvimento Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cations); 0 (Imidazoles); 0 (Ionic Liquids); 41PS77334A (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride); 7GBN705NH1 (imidazole); S88TT14065 (Oxygen) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170910 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28826029 [Au] Autor: Masondo NA; Kulkarni MG; Finnie JF; Van Staden J [Ad] Endereço: Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. [Ti] Título: Influence of biostimulants-seed-priming on Ceratotheca triloba germination and seedling growth under low temperatures, low osmotic potential and salinity stress. [So] Source: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf;147:43-48, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2414 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Extreme temperatures, drought and salinity stress adversely affect seed germination and seedling growth in crop species. Seed priming has been recognized as an indispensable technique in the production of stress-tolerant plants. Seed priming increases seed water content, improves protein synthesis using mRNA and DNA and repair mitochondria in seeds prior to germination. The current study aimed to determine the role of biostimulants-seed-priming during germination and seedling growth of Ceratotheca triloba (Bernh.) Hook.f. (an indigenous African leafy vegetable) under low temperature, low osmotic potential and salinity stress conditions. Ceratotheca triloba seeds were primed with biostimulants [smoke-water (SW), synthesized smoke-compound karrikinolide (KAR ), Kelpak (commercial seaweed extract), phloroglucinol (PG) and distilled water (control)] for 48h at 25°C. Thereafter, primed seeds were germinated at low temperatures, low osmotic potential and high NaCl concentrations. Low temperature (10°C) completely inhibited seed germination. However, temperature shift to 15°C improved germination. Smoke-water and KAR enhanced seed germination with SW improving seedling growth under different stress conditions. Furthermore, priming seeds with Kelpak stimulated percentage germination, while PG and the control treatment improved seedling growth at different PEG and NaCl concentrations. Generally, high concentrations of PEG and NaCl brought about detrimental effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Findings from this study show the potential role of seed priming with biostimulants in the alleviation of abiotic stress conditions during seed germination and seedling growth in C. triloba plants. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Furanos/farmacologia Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos Pedaliaceae/efeitos dos fármacos Piranos/farmacologia Plântulas/efeitos dos fármacos Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Temperatura Baixa Secas Osmose Pedaliaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento Salinidade Plântulas/crescimento & desenvolvimento África do Sul [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Furans); 0 (Pyrans); 0 (karrikinolide) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180308 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180308 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170822 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29360848 [Au] Autor: Liu Z; Zhu J; Yang X; Wu H; Wei Q; Wei H; Zhang H [Ad] Endereço: Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China. [Ti] Título: Growth performance, organ-level ionic relations and organic osmoregulation of Elaeagnus angustifolia in response to salt stress. [So] Source: PLoS One;13(1):e0191552, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Elaeagnus angustifolia is one of the most extensively afforested tree species in environment-harsh regions of northern China. Despite its exceptional tolerance to saline soil, the intrinsic adaptive physiology has not been revealed. In this study, we investigated the growth, organ-level ionic relations and organic osmoregulation of the seedlings hydroponically treated with 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl for 30 days. We found that the growth characteristics and the whole-plant dry weight were not obviously stunted, but instead, were even slightly stimulated by the treatment of 100 mM NaCl. In contrast, these traits were significantly inhibited by 200 mM NaCl treatment. Interestingly, as compared with the control (0 mM NaCl), both 100 and 200 mM NaCl treatments had a promotional effect on root growth as evidenced by 26.3% and 2.4% increases in root dry weight, respectively. Roots had the highest Na+ and Cl- concentrations and obviously served as the sink for the net increased Na+ and Cl-, while, stems might maintain the capacity of effective Na+ constraint, resulting in reduced Na+ transport to the leaves. K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in three plant organs of NaCl-treated seedlings presented a substantial decline, eventually leading to an enormously drop of K+/Na+ ratio. As the salt concentration increased, proline and soluble protein contents continuously exhibited a prominent and a relatively tardy accumulation, respectively, whereas soluble sugar firstly fell to a significant level and then regained to a level that is close to that of the control. Taken together, our results provided quantitative measures that revealed some robust adaptive physiological mechanisms underpinning E. angustifolia's moderately high salt tolerance, and those mechanisms comprise scalable capacity for root Na+ and Cl- storage, effectively constrained transportation of Na+ from stems to leaves, root compensatory growth, as well as an immediate and prominent leaf proline accumulation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Elaeagnaceae/efeitos dos fármacos Osmorregulação Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia Estresse Fisiológico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adaptação Fisiológica Cloretos/metabolismo Elaeagnaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento Elaeagnaceae/fisiologia Transporte de Íons Folhas de Planta/metabolismo Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo Potássio/metabolismo Plântulas/metabolismo Sódio/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Chlorides); 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride); 9NEZ333N27 (Sodium); RWP5GA015D (Potassium) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180226 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180226 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180124 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191552

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[PMID]: 29334625 [Au] Autor: Liu Y; Fang S; Yang W; Shang X; Fu X [Ad] Endereço: College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China. [Ti] Título: Light quality affects flavonoid production and related gene expression in Cyclocarya paliurus. [So] Source: J Photochem Photobiol B;179:66-73, 2018 Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1873-2682 [Cp] País de publicação: Switzerland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Understanding the responses of plant growth and secondary metabolites to differential light conditions is very important to optimize cultivation conditions of medicinal woody plants. As a highly valued and multiple function tree species, Cyclocarya paliurus is planted and managed for timber production and medical use. In this study, LED-based light including white light (WL), blue light (BL), red light (RL), and green light (GL) were used to affect leaf biomass production, flavonoid accumulation and related gene expression of one-year C. paliurus seedlings in controlled environments. After the treatments of 60 days, the highest leaf biomass appeared in the treatment of WL, while the lowest leaf biomass was found under GL. Compared to WL, the total flavonoid contents of C. paliurus leaves were significantly higher in BL, RL, and GL, but the highest values of selected flavonoids (kaempferol, isoquercitrin and quercetin) were observed under BL. Furthermore, the greatest yields of total and selected flavonoids in C. paliurus leaves per seedling were also achieved under BL, indicating that blue light was effective for inducing the production of flavonoids in C. paliurus leaves. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlations between leaf flavonoid content and relative gene expression of key enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL; 4-coumaroyl CoA-ligase, 4CL; and chalcone synthase, CHS) in the upstream, which converting phenylalanine into the flavonoid skeleton of tetrahydroxy chalcone. It is concluded that manipulating light quality may be potential mean to achieve the highest yields of flavonoids in C. paliurus cultivation, however this needs to be further verified by more field trials. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Flavonoides/metabolismo Expressão Gênica/efeitos da radiação Juglandaceae/efeitos da radiação Luz [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Biomassa Flavonoides/química Juglandaceae/metabolismo Quempferóis/química Quempferóis/metabolismo Folhas de Planta/química Folhas de Planta/metabolismo Folhas de Planta/efeitos da radiação Quercetina/análogos & derivados Quercetina/química Quercetina/metabolismo Plântulas/química Plântulas/metabolismo Plântulas/efeitos da radiação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Flavonoids); 0 (Kaempferols); 0YX10VRV6J (isoquercitrin); 731P2LE49E (kaempferol); 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180223 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180223 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180116 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28467358 [Au] Autor: Qu Y; Liu S; Bao W; Xue X; Ma Z; Yokawa K; Baluska F; Wan Y [Ad] Endereço: College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China. quyanli@bjfu.edu.cn. [Ti] Título: Expression of Root Genes in Arabidopsis Seedlings Grown by Standard and Improved Growing Methods. [So] Source: Int J Mol Sci;18(5), 2017 May 03. [Is] ISSN: 1422-0067 [Cp] País de publicação: Switzerland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Roots of seedlings grown in the laboratory using the traditional plant-growing culture system (TPG) were covered to maintain them in darkness. This new method is based on a dark chamber and is named the improved plant-growing method (IPG). We measured the light conditions in dark chambers, and found that the highest light intensity was dramatically reduced deeper in the dark chamber. In the bottom and side parts of dark chambers, roots were almost completely shaded. Using the high-throughput RNA sequencing method on the whole RNA extraction from roots, we compared the global gene expression levels in roots of seedlings from these two conditions and identified 141 differently expressed genes (DEGs) between them. According to the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment, the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were most affected among all annotated pathways. Surprisingly, no genes of known plant photoreceptors were identified as DEGs by this method. Considering that the light intensity was decreased in the IPG system, we collected four sections (1.5 cm for each) of roots grown in TPG and IPG conditions, and the spatial-related differential gene expression levels of plant photoreceptors and polar auxin transporters, including , , , , , , and were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Using these results, we generated a map of the spatial-related expression patterns of these genes under IPG and TPG conditions. The expression levels of light-related genes in roots is highly sensitive to illumination and it provides a background reference for selecting an improved culture method for laboratory-maintained seedlings. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento Arabidopsis/genética Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento Raízes de Plantas/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Arabidopsis/efeitos da radiação Escuridão Flavonas/genética Flavonoides/genética Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos da radiação Genes de Plantas Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala Luz Fotorreceptores de Plantas/genética Fitocromo/genética Raízes de Plantas/efeitos da radiação RNA/genética Plântulas/genética Plântulas/crescimento & desenvolvimento Transcriptoma/genética Transcriptoma/efeitos da radiação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins); 0 (Flavones); 0 (Flavonoids); 0 (Photoreceptors, Plant); 11121-56-5 (Phytochrome); 63231-63-0 (RNA); S2V45N7G3B (flavone); ZTG9LSS5QH (3-hydroxyflavone) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180221 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180221 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170504 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29262705 [Au] Autor: Bohm V; Fekete D; Balázs G; Gáspár L; Kappel N [Ti] Título: Salinity tolerance of grafted watermelon seedlings. [So] Source: Acta Biol Hung;68(4):412-427, 2017 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 0236-5383 [Cp] País de publicação: Hungary [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In order to evaluate the salinity tolerance of grafted watermelon, two sets of experiments were conducted in a growing chamber where 'Esmeralda' varieties were grafted onto interspecific squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. × Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and Lagenaria siceraria rootstocks. Both non-grafted and self-garfted plants were used for control. For salt stress, 2.85 and 4.28 mM/l substrate doses of NaCl were added with each irrigation in 2 day intervals for a duration of 23 days. Interspecific-grafted plants showed the highest salinity tolerance as plant biomass and leaf area were not decreased but improved by salinity in most cases. Furthermore, transpiration and photosynthesis activity did not decrease as much as it did in the case of other grafting combinations. Interspecific and Lagenaria rootstocks showed sodium retention, as elevation of Na content in the leaves of these grafting combinations was negligible compared to self-grafted and non-grafted ones. Presumably abiotic stress tolerance can be enhanced by grafting per se considering measured parameters of self-grafted plants did not decrease as much as seen in non-grafted ones. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Citrullus/metabolismo Fotossíntese/fisiologia Tolerância a Sal/fisiologia Plântulas/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Biomassa Folhas de Planta/metabolismo Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180216 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180216 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171222 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1556/018.68.2017.4.7

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[PMID]: 29298981 [Au] Autor: Díaz MG; Hernández-Verdeja T; Kremnev D; Crawford T; Dubreuil C; Strand Å [Ad] Endereço: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden. [Ti] Título: Redox regulation of PEP activity during seedling establishment in Arabidopsis thaliana. [So] Source: Nat Commun;9(1):50, 2018 01 03. [Is] ISSN: 2041-1723 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Activation of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase is tightly controlled and involves a network of phosphorylation and, as yet unidentified, thiol-mediated events. Here, we characterize PLASTID REDOX INSENSITIVE2, a redox-regulated protein required for full PEP-driven transcription. PRIN2 dimers can be reduced into the active monomeric form by thioredoxins through reduction of a disulfide bond. Exposure to light increases the ratio between the monomeric and dimeric forms of PRIN2. Complementation of prin2-2 with different PRIN2 protein variants demonstrates that the monomer is required for light-activated PEP-dependent transcription and that expression of the nuclear-encoded photosynthesis genes is linked to the activity of PEP. Activation of PEP during chloroplast development likely is the source of a retrograde signal that promotes nuclear LHCB expression. Thus, regulation of PRIN2 is the thiol-mediated mechanism required for full PEP activity, with PRIN2 monomerization via reduction by TRXs providing a mechanistic link between photosynthetic electron transport and activation of photosynthetic gene expression. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo Arabidopsis/enzimologia Tiorredoxinas de Cloroplastos/metabolismo Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo Plântulas/enzimologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Sequência de Aminoácidos Transporte de Elétrons Fotossíntese Plastídeos/metabolismo Transcrição Genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins); 0 (Chloroplast Thioredoxins); 0 (Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins); 0 (PRIN2 protein, Arabidopsis); 0 (thioredoxin z, Arabidopsis) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180215 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180215 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180105 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02468-2

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[PMID]: 28745102 [Au] Autor: Aoun M; Kolmer JA; Rouse MN; Chao S; Bulbula WD; Elias EM; Acevedo M [Ad] Endereço: First author: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; second and third authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Disease Laboratory, and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; [Ti] Título: Inheritance and Bulked Segregant Analysis of Leaf Rust and Stem Rust Resistance in Durum Wheat Genotypes. [So] Source: Phytopathology;107(12):1496-1506, 2017 12. [Is] ISSN: 0031-949X [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, and stem rust, caused by P. graminis f. sp. tritici, are important diseases of durum wheat. This study determined the inheritance and genomic locations of leaf rust resistance (Lr) genes to P. triticina race BBBQJ and stem rust resistance (Sr) genes to P. graminis f. sp. tritici race TTKSK in durum accessions. Eight leaf-rust-resistant genotypes were used to develop biparental populations. Accessions PI 192051 and PI 534304 were also resistant to P. graminis f. sp. tritici race TTKSK. The resulting progenies were phenotyped for leaf rust and stem rust response at seedling stage. The Lr and Sr genes were mapped in five populations using single-nucleotide polymorphisms and bulked segregant analysis. Five leaf-rust-resistant genotypes carried single dominant Lr genes whereas, in the remaining accessions, there was deviation from the expected segregation ratio of a single dominant Lr gene. Seven genotypes carried Lr genes different from those previously characterized in durum. The single dominant Lr genes in PI 209274, PI 244061, PI387263, and PI 313096 were mapped to chromosome arms 6BS, 2BS, 6BL, and 6BS, respectively. The Sr gene in PI 534304 mapped to 6AL and is most likely Sr13, while the Sr gene in PI 192051 could be uncharacterized in durum. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Basidiomycota/fisiologia Resistência à Doença/genética Doenças das Plantas/imunologia Triticum/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Mapeamento Cromossômico Cromossomos de Plantas/genética Loci Gênicos/genética Genótipo Fenótipo Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia Folhas de Planta/genética Folhas de Planta/imunologia Folhas de Planta/microbiologia Caules de Planta/genética Caules de Planta/imunologia Caules de Planta/microbiologia Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética Plântulas/genética Plântulas/imunologia Plântulas/microbiologia Triticum/imunologia Triticum/microbiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180215 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180215 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170727 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-16-0444-R

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[PMID]: 29253814 [Au] Autor: Faseela P; Puthur JT [Ad] Endereço: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673635, India. [Ti] Título: The imprints of the high light and UV-B stresses in Oryza sativa L. 'Kanchana' seedlings are differentially modulated. [So] Source: J Photochem Photobiol B;178:551-559, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1873-2682 [Cp] País de publicação: Switzerland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: High light and ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) are generally considered to have negative impact on photosynthesis and plant growth. The present study evaluates the tolerance potential of three cultivars of Oryza sativa L. (Kanchana, Mattatriveni and Harsha) seedlings towards high light and UV-B stress on the basis of photosynthetic pigment degradation, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and rate of lipid peroxidation, expressed by malondialdehyde content. Surprisingly, it was revealed that Kanchana was the most sensitive cultivar towards high light and at the same time it was the most tolerant cultivar towards UV-B stress. This contrasting feature of Kanchana towards high light and UV-B tolerance was further studied by analyzing photosystem (PS) I and II activity, mitochondrial activity, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Due to the occurrence of more PS I and PSII damages, the inhibition of photochemical efficiency and emission of dissipated energy as heat or fluorescence per PSII reaction center was higher upon high light exposure than UV-B treatments in rice seedlings of Kanchana. The mitochondrial activity was also found to be drastically altered upon high light as compared to UV-B treatments. The UV-B induced accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, total phenolics, sugar and ascorbate) and enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase) in rice seedlings than those subjected to high light exposure afforded more efficient protection against UV-B radiation in rice seedlings. Our results proved that high tolerance of Kanchana towards UV-B than high light treatments, correlated linearly with the protected photosynthetic and mitochondrial machinery which was provided by upregulation of antioxidants particularly by total phenolics, ascorbate and ascorbate peroxidase in rice seedlings. Data presented in this study conclusively proved that rice cultivar Kanchana respond to different environmental signals independently and tolerance mechanisms to individual stress factors was also varied. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Oryza/efeitos da radiação Raios Ultravioleta [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Antioxidantes/metabolismo Ascorbato Peroxidases/metabolismo Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo Clorofila/química Clorofila/metabolismo Malondialdeído/metabolismo Mitocôndrias/metabolismo Mitocôndrias/efeitos da radiação Oryza/crescimento & desenvolvimento Fenóis/metabolismo Fotossíntese/efeitos da radiação Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema I/metabolismo Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/metabolismo Prolina/metabolismo Plântulas/metabolismo Plântulas/efeitos da radiação Espectrometria de Fluorescência Regulação para Cima/efeitos da radiação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Photosystem I Protein Complex); 0 (Photosystem II Protein Complex); 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll); 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde); 9DLQ4CIU6V (Proline); EC 1.11.1.11 (Ascorbate Peroxidases); PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid); YF5Q9EJC8Y (chlorophyll a) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180212 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180212 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171219 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29196342 [Au] Autor: Cousins EA; Murren CJ [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, USA. [Ti] Título: Edaphic history over seedling characters predicts integration and plasticity of integration across geologically variable populations of . [So] Source: Am J Bot;104(12):1802-1815, 2017 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1537-2197 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Studies on phenotypic plasticity and plasticity of integration have uncovered functionally linked modules of aboveground traits and seedlings of , but we lack details about belowground variation in adult plants. Functional modules can be comprised of additional suites of traits that respond to environmental variation. We assessed whether shoot and root responses to nutrient environments in adult were predictable from seedling traits or population-specific geologic soil characteristics at the site of origin. METHODS: We compared 17 natural accessions from across the native range of using 14-day-old seedlings grown on agar or sand and plants grown to maturity across nutrient treatments in sand. We measured aboveground size, reproduction, timing traits, root length, and root diameter. Edaphic characteristics were obtained from a global-scale dataset and related to field data. KEY RESULTS: We detected significant among-population variation in root traits of seedlings and adults and in plasticity in aboveground and belowground traits of adult plants. Phenotypic integration of roots and shoots varied by population and environment. Relative integration was greater in roots than in shoots, and integration was predicted by edaphic soil history, particularly organic carbon content, whereas seedling traits did not predict later ontogenetic stages. CONCLUSIONS: Soil environment of origin has significant effects on phenotypic plasticity in response to nutrients, and on phenotypic integration of root modules and shoot modules. Root traits varied among populations in reproductively mature individuals, indicating potential for adaptive and integrated functional responses of root systems in annuals. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento Plântulas/crescimento & desenvolvimento Solo/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Arabidopsis/genética Demografia Raízes de Plantas/genética Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento Plântulas/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Soil) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180207 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180207 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171203 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1700220

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