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[PMID]: 29351549 [Au] Autor: García-Ruiz E; Loureiro Í; Farinós GP; Gómez P; Gutiérrez E; Sánchez FJ; Escorial MC; Ortego F; Chueca MC; Castañera P [Ad] Endereço: Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio de Malherbología, Madrid, Spain. [Ti] Título: Weeds and ground-dwelling predators' response to two different weed management systems in glyphosate-tolerant cotton: A farm-scale study. [So] Source: PLoS One;13(1):e0191408, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The use of glyphosate, as a post-emergence broad-spectrum herbicide in genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant (GT) cotton, supposes a big change in weed management programs with respect to a conventional regime. Thus, alterations in arable flora and arthropod fauna must be considered when evaluating their potential impacts. A 3-year farm-scale study was conducted in a 2-ha GT cotton crop, in southern Spain, to compare the effects of conventional and glyphosate herbicide regimes on weed abundance and diversity and their consequences for ground-dwelling predators. Surveys reveal that weed density was relatively low within all treatments with a few dominant species, with significantly higher weed densities and modifications of the floristic composition in glyphosate-treated plots that led to an increase in the abundance of Portulaca oleracea and to a reduction in plant diversity. The activity-density of the main predatory arthropod taxa (spiders, ground beetles, rove beetles and earwigs) varied among years, but no significant differences were obtained between conventional and glyphosate herbicide regimes. However, significant differences between treatments were obtained for ground beetles species richness and diversity, being higher under the glyphosate herbicide regime, and a positive correlation with weed density could be established for both parameters. The implications of these findings to weed control in GT cotton are discussed. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Glicina/análogos & derivados Gossypium/efeitos dos fármacos Herbicidas/farmacologia Plantas Daninhas/efeitos dos fármacos Controle de Plantas Daninhas/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Artrópodes/efeitos dos fármacos Biodiversidade Coleópteros/efeitos dos fármacos Produtos Agrícolas/efeitos dos fármacos Produtos Agrícolas/genética Produtos Agrícolas/crescimento & desenvolvimento Ecossistema Cadeia Alimentar Glicina/farmacologia Gossypium/genética Gossypium/crescimento & desenvolvimento Resistência a Herbicidas/genética Insetos/efeitos dos fármacos Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas Espanha Aranhas/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Herbicides); 4632WW1X5A (glyphosate); TE7660XO1C (Glycine) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180120 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191408

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[PMID]: 29181898 [Au] Autor: Wu JL; Luo YF; Li SQ [Ad] Endereço: Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar. [Ti] Título: Nine new species of the spider genus (Araneae, Scytodidae) from China and Thailand. [So] Source: Zool Res;38(5):215-242, 2017 09 18. [Is] ISSN: 2095-8137 [Cp] País de publicação: China [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Nine new species of the genus Ono, 1995 are described: Wu & Li sp. n. ( ♀, Guangxi), Wu & Li sp. n. (♀, Guangxi), Wu & Li sp. n. ( ♀, Guangxi), Wu & Li sp. n. (♀, Guangxi), Wu & Li sp. n. ( , Guangxi), Wu & Li sp. n. ( ♀, Hainan), Wu & Li sp. n. ( ♀, Guangxi), Wu & Li sp. n. ( ♀, Guangxi) from China, and Wu & Li sp. nov. ( ♀, Kanchanaburi) from Thailand. Diagnoses of nine new species are provided. DNA barcodes for six new species are documented for future use and as proof of molecular differences between these species. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aranhas/anatomia & histologia Aranhas/classificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Distribuição Animal Animais China Feminino Masculino Especificidade da Espécie Aranhas/fisiologia Tailândia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171129 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.066

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[PMID]: 29280363 [Au] Autor: Wang CX; Xu X; Li SQ [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. [Ti] Título: Integrative taxonomy of spiders (Araneae, Leptonetidae), with descriptions of 46 new species. [So] Source: Zool Res;38(6):321-448, 2017 Nov 18. [Is] ISSN: 2095-8137 [Cp] País de publicação: China [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Extreme environments, such as subterranean habitats, are suspected to be responsible for morphologically inseparable cryptic or sibling species and can bias biodiversity assessment. A DNA barcode is a short, standardized DNA sequence used for taxonomic purposes and has the potential to lessen the challenges presented by a biotic inventory. Here, we investigate the diversity of the genus Kratochvíl, 1978 that is endemic to karst systems in Eurasia using DNA barcoding. We analyzed 624 specimens using one mitochondrial gene fragment ( ). The results show that DNA barcoding is an efficient and rapid species identification method in this genus. DNA barcoding gap and automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD) analyses indicated the existence of 90 species, a result consistent with previous taxonomic hypotheses, and supported the existence of extreme male pedipalpal tibial spine and median apophysis polymorphism in species, with direct implications for the taxonomy of the group and its diversity. Based on the molecular and morphological evidence, we delimit and diagnose 90 species, including the type species (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1971). Forty-six of them are previously undescribed. The female of Wang & Li, 2011 is reported for the first time. (Tong & Li, 2008) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Simon, 1872; the genus Lin & Li, 2010 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Leptonetela; (Lin & Li, 2010) comb. nov. is transferred from . The genus Lin & Li, 2010 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of ; (Lin & Li, 2010) comb. nov. and (Lin & Li, 2010) comb. nov. are transferred from ; Wang & Li nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for (Chen et al., 2010) because is preoccupied. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aranhas/anatomia & histologia Aranhas/classificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Distribuição Animal Animais Cavernas China Ecossistema Especificidade da Espécie Aranhas/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180301 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180301 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171228 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.076

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[PMID]: 29247931 [Au] Autor: Behrend JE; Rypstra AL [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA. [Ti] Título: Contact with a glyphosate-based herbicide has long-term effects on the activity and foraging of an agrobiont wolf spider. [So] Source: Chemosphere;194:714-721, 2018 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1879-1298 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Animals that live in conventional agroecosystems must cope with a variety of anthropogenic chemicals. Most of the focus of toxicology is on lethality, deformities, or short-term shifts in behavior. However, for animals that succeed in spite of their exposure, it is important to determine if long-term changes are brought on by their experience. We tested the hypothesis that contact with a commercial formulation of a glyphosate-based herbicide would affect the behavior of subsequent instars in the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina, a species that thrives in the agroecosystems of eastern United States. In one experiment, we housed females carrying egg sacs on a surface treated with the herbicide for 7 h. Then we monitored their activity and foraging of the offspring 4 weeks after emergence. We repeated the same tests on adults that had been housed with herbicide during their penultimate stage. In both studies, exposed spiders displayed higher levels of activity and greater capture success than their unexposed counterparts. Exposure of penultimate instar to herbicide had larger effects on the behavior of adult males than adult females. These results suggest that herbicides have the potential to adjust the behavior of individuals in the predator community. Thus, impact on the food web and their positive or negative potential for biological control may extend beyond their role in controlling weeds. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos Glicina/análogos & derivados Herbicidas/farmacologia Comportamento Predatório/efeitos dos fármacos Aranhas/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Feminino Cadeia Alimentar Glicina/farmacologia Masculino Aranhas/fisiologia Tempo Estados Unidos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Herbicides); 4632WW1X5A (glyphosate); TE7660XO1C (Glycine) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180228 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180228 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171217 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29209956 [Au] Autor: Turk E; Kuntner M; Kralj-Fiser S [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia. eva.turk@zrc-sazu.si. [Ti] Título: Cross-sex genetic correlation does not extend to sexual size dimorphism in spiders. [So] Source: Naturwissenschaften;105(1-2):1, 2017 Dec 05. [Is] ISSN: 1432-1904 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Males and females are often subjected to different selection pressures for homologous traits, resulting in sex-specific optima. Because organismal attributes usually share their genetic architectures, sex-specific selection may lead to intralocus sexual conflict. Evolution of sexual dimorphism may resolve this conflict, depending on the degree of cross-sex genetic correlation (r ) and the strength of sex-specific selection. In theory, high r implies that sexes largely share the genetic base for a given trait and are consequently sexually monomorphic, while low r indicates a sex-specific genetic base and sexual dimorphism. Here, we broadly test this hypothesis on three spider species with varying degrees of female-biased sexual size dimorphism, Larinioides sclopetarius (sexual dimorphism index, SDI = 0.85), Nuctenea umbratica (SDI = 0.60), and Zygiella x-notata (SDI = 0.46). We assess r via same-sex and opposite-sex heritability estimates. We find moderate body mass heritability but no obvious patterns in sex-specific heritability. Against the prediction, the degree of sexual size dimorphism is unrelated to the relative strength of same-sex versus opposite-sex heritability. Our results do not support the hypothesis that sexual size dimorphism is negatively associated with r . We conclude that sex-specific genetic architecture may not be necessary for the evolution of a sexually dimorphic trait. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Caracteres Sexuais Aranhas/anatomia & histologia Aranhas/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Evolução Biológica Feminino Masculino [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180227 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180227 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171207 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1529-6

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[PMID]: 29209865 [Au] Autor: O'Hanlon JC; Wignall AE; Herberstein ME [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia. johanlon@une.edu.au. [Ti] Título: Short and fast vs long and slow: age changes courtship in male orb-web spiders (Argiope keyserlingi). [So] Source: Naturwissenschaften;105(1-2):3, 2017 Dec 05. [Is] ISSN: 1432-1904 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Male reproductive performance can vary with condition, age and future reproductive opportunities. Web-building spiders are ideal models to examine the effects of senescence on fitness-related behaviours due to strong selection on male courtship to reduce pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism. Argiope keyserlingi spiders generate courtship vibrations, or 'shudders', that reduce female aggression. We found that male A. keyserlingi courtship slowed with chronological age. Older males took longer to travel across the courtship thread, and overall number of shudders increased. Males retained some ability to modulate courtship quality (shudder duration and number of rocks within each shudder) in response to female quality. A change in courtship performance over time, despite strong selection for repeatability, indicates that ageing in male A. keyserlingi may have direct impacts on reproductive performance. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Comportamento Sexual Animal/fisiologia Aranhas/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Envelhecimento Animais Feminino Masculino Reprodução/fisiologia Fatores de Tempo Vibração [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180227 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180227 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171207 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1527-8

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[PMID]: 29364905 [Au] Autor: Perger R; Rubio GD [Ad] Endereço: Colección Boliviana de Fauna, La Paz, Bolivia. [Ti] Título: A wolf in sheep's clothing: The description of a fly resembling jumping spider of the genus Scoturius Simon, 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae: Huriini). [So] Source: PLoS One;13(1):e0190582, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Fly resemblance in arthropods is much less common than e.g., resemblance to ants or wasps, and has been mainly observed in beetles. Putative fly mimicry in arachnids has been reported only from the jumping spider genus Saitis. However, recent literature has attributed the fly-resembling characteristics in Saitis to sexual signalling during courtship. The lack of observation of fly mimicry in spiders is not surprising as flies belong to the most important prey item group of spiders. In this study, a new fly-resembling species of the jumping spider tribe Huriini, Scoturius dipterioides sp. nov., from the pre-Andean Chiquitano forest at the Bolivian orocline is described and illustrated. The new species was tentatively placed into Scoturius because the epigynum has a single large elliptical opening. Scoturius dipterioides sp. nov. is distinguished from all other species of this tribe by a combination of following characteristics: epigynum with a large anterior elliptical atrium and initial portion of the copulation ducts dilated as a chamber (shared with Urupuyu); relatively joined copulation openings and short copulation ducts; kidney-shaped spermathecae, advanced at the atrium level. Several somatic features, two of them found exclusively in S. dipterioides sp. nov., increase the resemblance to flies. The Huriini are currently the only spider tribe that is suggested to feature fly mimics. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aranhas/classificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Bolívia Feminino Masculino Comportamento Sexual Animal Aranhas/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180221 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180221 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180125 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190582

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[PMID]: 28919504 [Au] Autor: Starrett J; Hayashi CY; Derkarabetian S; Hedin M [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. Electronic address: jamesstarrett10@gmail.com. [Ti] Título: Cryptic elevational zonation in trapdoor spiders (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus janus complex) from the California southern Sierra Nevada. [So] Source: Mol Phylogenet Evol;118:403-413, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1095-9513 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The relative roles of ecological niche conservatism versus niche divergence in promoting montane speciation remains an important topic in biogeography. Here, our aim was to test whether lineage diversification in a species complex of trapdoor spiders corresponds with riverine barriers or with an ecological gradient associated with elevational tiering. Aliatypus janus was sampled from throughout its range, with emphasis on populations in the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. We collected multi-locus genetic data to generate a species tree for A. janus and its close relatives. Coalescent based hypothesis tests were conducted to determine if genetic breaks within A. janus conform to riverine barriers. Ecological niche models (ENM) under current and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions were generated and hypothesis tests of niche conservatism and divergence were performed. Coalescent analyses reveal deeply divergent genetic lineages within A. janus, likely corresponding to cryptic species. Two primary lineages meet along an elevational gradient on the western slopes of the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains. ENMs under both current and LGM conditions indicate that these groups occupy largely non-overlapping niches. ENM hypothesis testing rejected niche identity between the two groups, and supported a sharp ecological gradient occurring where the groups meet. However, the niche similarity test indicated that the two groups may not inhabit different background niches. The Sierra Nevada Mountains provide a natural laboratory for simultaneously testing ecological niche divergence and conservatism and their role in speciation across a diverse range of taxa. Aliatypus janus represents a species complex with cryptic lineages that may have diverged due to parapatric speciation along an ecological gradient, or been maintained by the evolution of ecological niche differences following allopatric speciation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aranhas/classificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais California Fenômenos Ecológicos e Ambientais Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/química Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/classificação Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética Especiação Genética Nevada Filogenia RNA Ribossômico 28S/química RNA Ribossômico 28S/classificação RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética Aranhas/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 28S); EC 1.9.3.1 (Electron Transport Complex IV) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180220 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180220 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170919 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28741926 [Au] Autor: Troeira Henriques S; Lawrence N; Chaousis S; Ravipati AS; Cheneval O; Benfield AH; Elliott AG; Kavanagh AM; Cooper MA; Chan LY; Huang YH; Craik DJ [Ad] Endereço: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. [Ti] Título: Redesigned Spider Peptide with Improved Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties. [So] Source: ACS Chem Biol;12(9):2324-2334, 2017 09 15. [Is] ISSN: 1554-8937 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Gomesin, a disulfide-rich antimicrobial peptide produced by the Brazilian spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana, has been shown to be potent against Gram-negative bacteria and to possess selective anticancer properties against melanoma cells. In a recent study, a backbone cyclized analogue of gomesin was shown to be as active but more stable than its native form. In the current study, we were interested in improving the antimicrobial properties of the cyclic gomesin, understanding its selectivity toward melanoma cells and elucidating its antimicrobial and anticancer mode of action. Rationally designed analogues of cyclic gomesin were examined for their antimicrobial potency, selectivity toward cancer cells, membrane-binding affinity, and ability to disrupt cell and model membranes. We improved the activity of cyclic gomesin by ∼10-fold against tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria without increasing toxicity to human red blood cells. In addition, we showed that gomesin and its analogues are more toxic toward melanoma and leukemia cells than toward red blood cells and act by selectively targeting and disrupting cancer cell membranes. Preference toward some cancer types is likely dependent on their different cell membrane properties. Our findings highlight the potential of peptides as antimicrobial and anticancer leads and the importance of selectively targeting cancer cell membranes for drug development. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anti-Infecciosos/química Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/química Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/farmacologia Antineoplásicos/química Antineoplásicos/farmacologia Aranhas/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico Linhagem Celular Tumoral Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos Seres Humanos Leucemia/tratamento farmacológico Bicamadas Lipídicas/metabolismo Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico Micoses/tratamento farmacológico [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Infective Agents); 0 (Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides); 0 (Antineoplastic Agents); 0 (Lipid Bilayers); 0 (gomesin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180201 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180201 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170726 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00459

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[PMID]: 29182503 [Au] Autor: Morehouse NI; Buschbeck EK; Zurek DB; Steck M; Porter ML [Ti] Título: Molecular Evolution of Spider Vision: New Opportunities, Familiar Players. [So] Source: Biol Bull;233(1):21-38, 2017 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1939-8697 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Spiders are among the world's most species-rich animal lineages, and their visual systems are likewise highly diverse. These modular visual systems, composed of four pairs of image-forming "camera" eyes, have taken on a huge variety of forms, exhibiting variation in eye size, eye placement, image resolution, and field of view, as well as sensitivity to color, polarization, light levels, and motion cues. However, despite this conspicuous diversity, our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of these visual systems remains shallow. Here, we review the current literature, analyze publicly available transcriptomic data, and discuss hypotheses about the origins and development of spider eyes. Our efforts highlight that there are many new things to discover from spider eyes, and yet these opportunities are set against a backdrop of deep homology with other arthropod lineages. For example, many (but not all) of the genes that appear important for early eye development in spiders are familiar players known from the developmental networks of other model systems (e.g., Drosophila). Similarly, our analyses of opsins and related phototransduction genes suggest that spider photoreceptors employ many of the same genes and molecular mechanisms known from other arthropods, with a hypothesized ancestral spider set of four visual and four nonvisual opsins. This deep homology provides a number of useful footholds into new work on spider vision and the molecular basis of its extant variety. We therefore discuss what some of these first steps might be in the hopes of convincing others to join us in studying the vision of these fascinating creatures. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Evolução Molecular Aranhas/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Opsinas/genética Células Fotorreceptoras de Invertebrados/fisiologia Aranhas/classificação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Opsins) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180111 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180111 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171129 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1086/693977

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