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[PMID]: 28930834 [Au] Autor: Li Z; Tan X; Yu B; Zhao R [Ad] Endereço: aQingdao University Medical College, Qingdao bKey Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong cEmergency Department, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao dDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao eLaboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China. [Ti] Título: Allergic shock caused by ingestion of cooked jellyfish: A case report. [So] Source: Medicine (Baltimore);96(38):e7962, 2017 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1536-5964 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: RATIONALE: Although anaphylaxis caused by jellyfish stings is common in coastal areas, an allergic shock caused by cooked jellyfish ingestion has never been reported in China. In this paper, we report a case of allergic shock being caused by ingestion of cooked salt-preserved jellyfish shortly after being stung by a live jellyfish. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 26-year-old Chinese man presented with dizziness, pruritus, dyspnea, hypotension, and tachycardia after eating cooked salted jellyfish. The patient had been stung twice by jellyfish half a year ago. DIAGNOSES: Allergic shock caused by ingestion of cooked jellyfish. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with phenergan (25 mg, intramuscular injection), 250 mL normal saline (NS) and 10 mg dexamethasone (intravenous drip), 500 mL NS and 0.4 g cimetidine (intravenous drip), and 500 mL NS for rapid fluid infusion (intravenous drip). OUTCOMES: After the treatment, the main clinical symptoms of the patient improved quickly. Five days later, the patient's urticaria had dissipated. LESSONS: A history of jellyfish contact or sting might be an important allergic factor for individuals who consume any kind of jellyfish. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anafilaxia/etiologia Cubomedusas Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/complicações Alimentos Marinhos/efeitos adversos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Animais Culinária Seres Humanos Masculino [Pt] Tipo de publicação: CASE REPORTS; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171015 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171015 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170921 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007962

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[PMID]: 28359008 [Au] Autor: Isbister GK; Palmer DJ; Weir RL; Currie BJ [Ad] Endereço: University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW geoff.isbister@gmail.com. [Ti] Título: Hot water immersion v icepacks for treating the pain of Chironex fleckeri stings: a randomised controlled trial. [So] Source: Med J Aust;206(6):258-261, 2017 Apr 03. [Is] ISSN: 1326-5377 [Cp] País de publicação: Australia [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of hot water immersion for relieving the pain of major box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) stings.Design, interventions: Open label, randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of hot water immersion (45°C) and icepacks.Setting, participants: 42 patients with suspected C. fleckeri stings treated in the emergency department of the Royal Darwin Hospital during September 2005 - October 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was pain severity, assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included crossover to the alternative treatment, use of opioid analgesia, emergency department length of stay (LOS), and delayed urticaria. RESULTS: Of 42 patients (26 males; median age, 19 years; IQR, 13-27 years), 25 were allocated to icepack treatment and 17 to hot water immersion. The demographic and baseline VAS data for the two groups were similar. After 30 minutes of treatment, 11 patients (65%) treated with hot water and 14 (56%) treated with icepacks had clinically improved pain scores (absolute difference, 9%; 95% CI, -22% to 39%; P = 0.75). One patient treated with icepacks crossed over to heat immersion. Two patients in each arm received intravenous opioid analgesia. Median emergency department LOS was 1.6 h (IQR, 1.0-1.8 h) for icepack patients and 2.1 h (IQR, 1.6-2.8 h) for heat immersion patients (P = 0.07). Five of seven patients who were followed up developed delayed urticaria. CONCLUSION: Hot water immersion was no more effective than icepacks for reducing the acute pain of box jellyfish stings, but increased emergency department LOS by about 30 minutes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12605000007639. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Mordeduras e Picadas/terapia Cubomedusas Temperatura Alta/uso terapêutico Gelo Imersão [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico Animais Mordeduras e Picadas/complicações Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Dor/etiologia Manejo da Dor/métodos Medição da Dor Resultado do Tratamento Urticária/etiologia Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Analgesics, Opioid); 0 (Ice) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1704 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170412 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170412 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170331 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28294982 [Au] Autor: Yanagihara AA; Wilcox CL [Ad] Endereço: Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. ayanagih@hawaii.edu. [Ti] Título: Cubozoan Sting-Site Seawater Rinse, Scraping, and Ice Can Increase Venom Load: Upending Current First Aid Recommendations. [So] Source: Toxins (Basel);9(3), 2017 Mar 15. [Is] ISSN: 2072-6651 [Cp] País de publicação: Switzerland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Cnidarian envenomations are the leading cause of severe and lethal human sting injuries from marine life. The total amount of venom discharged into sting-site tissues, sometimes referred to as "venom load", has been previously shown to correlate with tentacle contact length and sequelae severity. Since <1% of cnidae discharge upon initial tentacle contact, effective and safe removal of adherent tentacles is of paramount importance in the management of life-threatening cubozoan stings. We evaluated whether common rinse solutions or scraping increased venom load as measured in a direct functional assay of venom activity (hemolysis). Scraping significantly increased hemolysis by increasing cnidae discharge. For , increases did not occur if the tentacles were first doused with vinegar or if heat was applied. However, in , vinegar dousing and heat treatment were less effective, and the best outcomes occurred with the use of venom-inhibiting technologies (Sting No More products). Seawater rinsing, considered a "no-harm" alternative, significantly increased venom load. The application of ice severely exacerbated stings, but had a less pronounced effect on stings, while heat application markedly reduced hemolysis for both species. Our results do not support scraping or seawater rinsing to remove adherent tentacles. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Mordeduras e Picadas/terapia Cubomedusas Primeiros Socorros/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Venenos de Cnidários Gelo Água do Mar Pele Suínos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cnidarian Venoms); 0 (Ice) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171109 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171109 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170316 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27815048 [Au] Autor: Lazcano-Pérez F; Arellano RO; Garay E; Arreguín-Espinosa R; Sánchez-Rodríguez J [Ad] Endereço: Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Prolongación Niños Héroes s/n, Domicilio conocido, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, C.P. 77580, Mexico; Instituto de Química, Instituto de Química, Universidad N [Ti] Título: Electrophysiological activity of a neurotoxic fraction from the venom of box jellyfish Carybdea marsupialis. [So] Source: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol;191:177-182, 2017 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1532-0456 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Carybdea marsupialis is a widely distributed box jellyfish found in the Mediterranean and in the tropical waters of the Caribbean Sea. Its venom is a complex mixture of biologically active compounds that are used to catch prey. In order to evaluate the activity of the neurotoxins in the venom, bioassays were carried out using the marine crab Ocypode quadrata. The proteins with neurotoxic effect were partially purified using low-pressure liquid chromatography techniques. Gel filtration (Sephadex G-50M) was used as the first step and the active fraction in crabs was passed through a QAE Sephadex A-25 column. Finally, the active fraction was run onto a Fractogel EMD SO column. No further purification step could be carried out due to the loss of neurotoxic activity. The Fractogel EMD SO fraction was analyzed electrophysiologically using the voltage-clamp technique in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing membrane proteins from rat brain through mRNA injection. The crude venom and a fraction were observed to affect crustaceans and showed at least two types of bioactivity in oocytes expressing brain proteins. The effects were dose-dependent and completely reversible. These results evidence the presence of neurotoxins in Carybdea marsupialis venom that act on membrane proteins of the vertebrate nervous system. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Braquiúros/efeitos dos fármacos Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos Venenos de Cnidários/toxicidade Cubomedusas/metabolismo Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/efeitos dos fármacos Síndromes Neurotóxicas/etiologia Neurotoxinas/toxicidade Xenopus laevis/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Bioensaio Encéfalo/metabolismo Cromatografia em Gel Cromatografia Líquida Venenos de Cnidários/isolamento & purificação Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga Técnicas de Transferência de Genes Potenciais da Membrana Microinjeções Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo Síndromes Neurotóxicas/fisiopatologia Neurotoxinas/isolamento & purificação Oócitos Técnicas de Patch-Clamp Ratos Xenopus laevis/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cnidarian Venoms); 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins); 0 (Neurotoxins) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1702 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170213 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170213 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161106 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27749012 [Au] Autor: Welton RE; Williams DJ; Liew D [Ad] Endereço: Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [Ti] Título: Injury trends from envenoming in Australia, 2000-2013. [So] Source: Intern Med J;47(2):170-176, 2017 Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1445-5994 [Cp] País de publicação: Australia [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Accidental injury is a major public health problem in developed countries with 20 years elapsed since a national overview of venomous bites undertaken in Australia. AIM: Provide the first contemporary epidemiological insight into venomous injuries based on demographics and geography nationally in Australia in the period 2000-2013. METHODS: An analysis of national hospitalisation and mortality data was undertaken to examine the incidence of injury and death due to envenoming in Australia. Rates were calculated using the intercensal population for all Australian age groups. RESULTS: Over the study period, deaths occurred due to an anaphylactic event (0.16 per 100 000), snake envenoming (0.13 per 100 000) or box jellyfish envenoming (0.01 per 100 000). Only 44% of cases involving anaphylaxis reached medical care prior to death, compared to 74% of those envenomed by snakes. Over half of all deaths (52%) occurred at home, and 64% of these occurred within a major city or inner regional area, with 48% of work-related anaphylaxis deaths. Hospital admission rates of 199 per 100 000 persons over the 11 years were caused by contact with wasps or bees (31%), spiders (30%) and snakes (15%), with a predominant age range of 30-44 years. CONCLUSIONS: The greatest burden of injury due to envenoming was caused by arthropods and snakes. Causes of death were led by anaphylaxis subsequent to an arthropod bite or sting, followed by death from snake envenoming. Over half the incidents resulting in death occurred at home, in areas where healthcare is accessible. Operational data routinely collected are informative, with variations of injury incidence between the States and Territories, indicating a need for a more localised approach to the management of this injury. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Abelhas Mordeduras e Picadas/diagnóstico Mordeduras e Picadas/mortalidade Cubomedusas Serpentes Aranhas [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Distribuição por Idade Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Animais Austrália/epidemiologia Criança Pré-Escolar Demografia Feminino Seres Humanos Incidência Lactente Recém-Nascido Masculino Meia-Idade Admissão do Paciente Distribuição por Sexo Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170914 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170914 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161018 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1111/imj.13297

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[PMID]: 27820907 [Au] Autor: Lawley JW; Ames CL; Bentlage B; Yanagihara A; Goodwill R; Kayal E; Hurwitz K; Collins AG [Ti] Título: Box Jellyfish Alatina alata Has a Circumtropical Distribution. [So] Source: Biol Bull;231(2):152-169, 2016 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1939-8697 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Species of the box jellyfish (Cubozoa) genus Alatina are notorious for their sting along the beaches of several localities of the Atlantic and Pacific. These species include Alatina alata on the Caribbean Island of Bonaire (the Netherlands), A. moseri in Hawaii, and A. mordens in Australia. Most cubozoans inhabit coastal waters, but Alatina is unusual in that specimens have also been collected in the open ocean at great depths. Alatina is notable in that populations form monthly aggregations for spermcast mating in conjunction with the lunar cycle. Nominal species are difficult to differentiate morphologically, and it has been unclear whether they are distinct or a single species with worldwide distribution. Here we report the results of a population genetic study, using nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data from four geographical localities. Our analyses revealed a general lack of geographic structure among Alatina populations, and slight though significant isolation by distance. These data corroborate morphological and behavioral similarities observed in the geographically disparate localities, and indicate the presence of a single, pantropically distributed species, Alatina alata. While repeated, human-mediated introductions of A. alata could explain the patterns we have observed, it seems more likely that genetic metapopulation cohesion is maintained via dispersal through the swimming medusa stage, and perhaps via dispersal of encysted planulae, which are described here for the first time in Alatina. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Distribuição Animal Cubomedusas/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Cubomedusas/classificação Cubomedusas/genética DNA Mitocondrial/genética Hawaii Seres Humanos Lua Filogenia Reprodução Clima Tropical [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (DNA, Mitochondrial) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171025 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171025 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161108 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27441693 [Au] Autor: Courtney R; Browning S; Northfield T; Seymour J [Ad] Endereço: Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, Division of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia. [Ti] Título: Thermal and Osmotic Tolerance of 'Irukandji' Polyps: Cubozoa; Carukia barnesi. [So] Source: PLoS One;11(7):e0159380, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: This research explores the thermal and osmotic tolerance of the polyp stage of the Irukandji jellyfish Carukia barnesi, which provides new insights into potential polyp habitat suitability. The research also targets temperature, salinity, feeding frequency, and combinations thereof, as cues for synchronous medusae production. Primary findings revealed 100% survivorship in osmotic treatments between 19 and 46‰, with the highest proliferation at 26‰. As salinity levels of 26‰ do not occur within the waters of the Great Barrier Reef or Coral Sea, we conclude that the polyp stage of C. barnesi is probably found in estuarine environments, where these lower salinity conditions commonly occur, in comparison to the medusa stage, which is oceanic. Population stability was achieved at temperatures between 18 and 31°C, with an optimum temperature of 22.9°C. We surmise that C. barnesi polyps may be restricted to warmer estuarine areas where water temperatures do not drop below 18°C. Asexual reproduction was also positively correlated with feeding frequency. Temperature, salinity, feeding frequency, and combinations thereof did not induce medusae production, suggesting that this species may use a different cue, possibly photoperiod, to initiate medusae production. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Adaptação Fisiológica Cubomedusas/fisiologia Osmose Temperatura Ambiente [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Meio Ambiente Comportamento Alimentar Funções Verossimilhança Reprodução Assexuada/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1707 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170731 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170731 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160722 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159380

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[PMID]: 27267414 [Au] Autor: Kayal E; Bentlage B; Collins AG [Ad] Endereço: a Department of Invertebrate Zoology , National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution , Washington DC , USA. [Ti] Título: Insights into the transcriptional and translational mechanisms of linear organellar chromosomes in the box jellyfish Alatina alata (Cnidaria: Medusozoa: Cubozoa). [So] Source: RNA Biol;13(9):799-809, 2016 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1555-8584 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: In most animals, the mitochondrial genome is characterized by its small size, organization into a single circular molecule, and a relative conservation of the number of encoded genes. In box jellyfish (Cubozoa, Cnidaria), the mitochondrial genome is organized into 8 linear mito-chromosomes harboring between one and 4 genes each, including 2 extra protein-coding genes: mt-polB and orf314. Such an organization challenges the traditional view of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) expression in animals. In this study, we investigate the pattern of mitochondrial gene expression in the box jellyfish Alatina alata, as well as several key nuclear-encoded molecular pathways involved in the processing of mitochondrial gene transcription. RESULTS: Read coverage of DNA-seq data is relatively uniform for all 8 mito-chromosomes, suggesting that each mito-chromosome is present in equimolar proportion in the mitochondrion. Comparison of DNA and RNA-seq based assemblies indicates that mito-chromosomes are transcribed into individual transcripts in which the beginning and ending are highly conserved. Expression levels for mt-polB and orf314 are similar to those of other mitochondrial-encoded genes, which provides further evidence for them having functional roles in the mitochondrion. Survey of the transcriptome suggests recognition of the mitochondrial tRNA-Met by the cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase counterpart and C-to-U editing of the cytoplasmic tRNA-Trp after import into the mitochondrion. Moreover, several mitochondrial ribosomal proteins appear to be lost. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first survey of mitochondrial gene expression of the linear multi-chromosomal mtDNA in box jellyfish (Cubozoa). Future exploration of small RNAs and the proteome of the mitochondrion will test the hypotheses presented herein. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cubomedusas/genética Genoma Mitocondrial Biossíntese de Proteínas Transcrição Genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aminoacil-tRNA Sintetases/genética Animais Sequência de Bases Cubomedusas/metabolismo Regulação da Expressão Gênica Genes Mitocondriais Modelos Biológicos Complexos Multiproteicos/metabolismo Conformação de Ácido Nucleico RNA de Transferência/genética Ribossomos/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Multiprotein Complexes); 9014-25-9 (RNA, Transfer); EC 6.1.1.- (Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171019 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171019 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160609 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1194161

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[PMID]: 27192408 [Au] Autor: Mooney CJ; Kingsford MJ [Ad] Endereço: College of Marine and Environmental Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. [Ti] Título: Statolith Morphometrics Can Discriminate among Taxa of Cubozoan Jellyfishes. [So] Source: PLoS One;11(5):e0155719, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Identification of potentially harmful cubomedusae is difficult due to their gelatinous nature. The only hard structure of medusae, the statolith, has the potential to provide robust measurements for morphometric analysis. Traditional morphometric length to width ratios (L: W) and modern morphometric Elliptical Fourier Analysis (EFA) were applied to proximal, oral and lateral statolith faces of 12 cubozoan species. EFA outperformed L: W as L: W did not account for the curvature of the statolith. Best discrimination was achieved with Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) when analysing proximal + oral + lateral statolith faces in combination. Normalised Elliptical Fourier (NEF) coefficients classified 98% of samples to their correct species and 94% to family group. Statolith shape agreed with currently accepted cubozoan taxonomy. This has potential to assist in identifying levels of risk and stock structure of populations in areas where box jellyfish envenomations are a concern as the severity of envenomation is family dependent. We have only studied 12 (27%) of the 45 currently accepted cubomedusae, but analyses demonstrated that statolith shape is an effective taxonomic discriminator within the Class. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cubomedusas/anatomia & histologia Cubomedusas/classificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Análise Discriminante Análise de Fourier [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1707 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170724 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170724 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160519 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155719

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[PMID]: 26954781 [Au] Autor: Courtney R; Browning S; Seymour J [Ad] Endereço: Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, Division of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia. [Ti] Título: Early Life History of the 'Irukandji' Jellyfish Carukia barnesi. [So] Source: PLoS One;11(3):e0151197, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Adult medusae of Carukia barnesi were collected near Double Island, North Queensland Australia. From 73 specimens, 8 males and 15 females spawned under laboratory conditions. These gametes were artificially mixed which resulted in fertilized eggs. Post fertilization, most eggs developed to an encapsulated planula stage and then paused for between six days and six months prior to hatching as ciliated planulae. The paused stage planulae were negatively buoyant and adhered to substrate. The first planula was produced six days post fertilization, lacked larval ocelli, remained stationary, or moved very slowly for two days prior to metamorphosis into primary polyps. Mature polyps reproduced through asexual reproduction via lateral budding producing ciliated swimming polyps, which in turn settled and developed into secondary polyps. Medusae production for this species was in the form of monodisc strobilation, which left behind polyps able to continue asexual reproduction. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cubomedusas/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Feminino Estágios do Ciclo de Vida Masculino Reprodução Assexuada [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1608 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170220 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170220 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160309 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151197

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