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[PMID]: 29499665 [Au] Autor: Zhu Z; Zhang H; Yue J; Liu S; Li Z; Wang L [Ad] Endereço: People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China. [Ti] Título: Antimicrobial efficacy of corneal cross-linking in vitro and in vivo for Fusarium solani: a potential new treatment for fungal keratitis. [So] Source: BMC Ophthalmol;18(1):65, 2018 Mar 02. [Is] ISSN: 1471-2415 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Fungal keratitis is one of the major causes of visual impairment worldwide. However, the effectiveness of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for fungal keratitis remains controversial. In this study, we developed an in vitro and an in vivo models to assess the efficacy of CXL for Fusarium keratitis. METHODS: The effect of in vitro CXL fungicidal was evaluated on the cultures of Fusarium solani which were exposed to irradiation for different durations. Viability of fungal was appraised under four conditions: no treatment (control); CXL: UVA (365 nm)/riboflavin; riboflavin and UVA (365 nm). Each batch of sterile plate culture was irradiated for different CXL durations. The in vivo Therapeutic effect was studied on a mouse keratitis model. The animals were divided randomly into three groups: group A with no treatment (control); Group B with CXL treatment for two minutes and group C with CXL treatment for three minutes. The CXL procedure was performed 24 h post inoculation in each group. All mice with corneal involvement were scored daily for 7 days and 10 days after infection. Corneals were extracted at various time points for quantitative fungal recovery. Histological evaluations were conducted to calculate the number of polymorphonuclear cells. RESULTS: Viability of fungal decreased significantly in CXL group with 30-min irradiation compared with that in control, riboflavin and UVA groups (P < 0.01). The colony-forming units (CFUs) of fungal solutions in culture significantly decreased with CXL treatment (P < 0.05). Clinical scores, corneal lesion, corneal opacity, neovascularization and the depth of ulceration scores in group B and group C were remarkably lower than that in group A (P < 0.05, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.034 and P = 0.025 respectively). Scores of group C were much lower than that in group B. Histological revealed that destruction of corneal collagen fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells into corneal tissue in group B and group C were much lower than that in group A. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that CXL treatment may be applied to fungal keratitis, therapeutic efficacy will improve with longer treatment duration. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico Substância Própria/metabolismo Úlcera da Córnea/tratamento farmacológico Reagentes para Ligações Cruzadas Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico Fusariose/tratamento farmacológico Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Colágeno/metabolismo Contagem de Colônia Microbiana Úlcera da Córnea/metabolismo Úlcera da Córnea/microbiologia Modelos Animais de Doenças Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/metabolismo Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia Fusariose/metabolismo Fusariose/microbiologia Fusarium/isolamento & purificação Masculino Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico Riboflavina/uso terapêutico Raios Ultravioleta [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Infective Agents); 0 (Cross-Linking Reagents); 0 (Photosensitizing Agents); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); TLM2976OFR (Riboflavin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180304 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0727-0

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[PMID]: 29295978 [Au] Autor: Jung B; Park J; Kim N; Li T; Kim S; Bartley LE; Kim J; Kim I; Kang Y; Yun K; Choi Y; Lee HH; Ji S; Lee KS; Kim BY; Shon JC; Kim WC; Liu KH; Yoon D; Kim S; Seo YS; Lee J [Ad] Endereço: Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea. [Ti] Título: Cooperative interactions between seed-borne bacterial and air-borne fungal pathogens on rice. [So] Source: Nat Commun;9(1):31, 2018 01 02. [Is] ISSN: 2041-1723 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Bacterial-fungal interactions are widely found in distinct environments and contribute to ecosystem processes. Previous studies of these interactions have mostly been performed in soil, and only limited studies of aerial plant tissues have been conducted. Here we show that a seed-borne plant pathogenic bacterium, Burkholderia glumae (Bg), and an air-borne plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum (Fg), interact to promote bacterial survival, bacterial and fungal dispersal, and disease progression on rice plants, despite the production of antifungal toxoflavin by Bg. We perform assays of toxoflavin sensitivity, RNA-seq analyses, lipid staining and measures of triacylglyceride content to show that triacylglycerides containing linolenic acid mediate resistance to reactive oxygen species that are generated in response to toxoflavin in Fg. As a result, Bg is able to physically attach to Fg to achieve rapid and expansive dispersal to enhance disease severity. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Microbiologia do Ar Burkholderia/fisiologia Fusarium/fisiologia Oryza/microbiologia Sementes/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Burkholderia/metabolismo Farmacorresistência Fúngica/efeitos dos fármacos Fusarium/classificação Fusarium/genética Perfilação da Expressão Gênica Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno Interações Microbianas Mutação Filogenia Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia Pirimidinonas/metabolismo Pirimidinonas/farmacologia Triazinas/metabolismo Triazinas/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Pyrimidinones); 0 (Triazines); 5N5YI4IP1P (toxoflavin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180104 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02430-2

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[PMID]: 29291460 [Au] Autor: Choi JH; Lee S; Nah JY; Kim HK; Paek JS; Lee S; Ham H; Hong SK; Yun SH; Lee T [Ad] Endereço: Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea. [Ti] Título: Species composition of and fumonisin production by the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex isolated from Korean cereals. [So] Source: Int J Food Microbiol;267:62-69, 2018 Feb 21. [Is] ISSN: 1879-3460 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: To assess the risk of fumonisin contamination in Korean cereals, we isolated colonies of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) from barley, maize, rice and soybean samples from 2011 to 2015. A total of 878 FFSC strains were isolated mostly from maize and rice, and species identity of the isolates were determined using the DNA sequence of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes. Fusaria recovered from Korean cereals included F. fujikuroi (317 isolates and a frequency of 36%), F. proliferatum (212 isolates and 24.1%), F. verticillioides (170 isolates and 19.4%), F. concentricum (86 strains and 9.8%), F. andiyazi (56 isolates and 6.4%), F. subglutinans (28 isolates and 3.2%), F. thapsinum (5 isolates and 0.6%), and F. circinatum (2 isolates and 0.2%). The rice samples were dominated by F. fujikuroi (47.4%), F. proliferatum (27.3%), and F. concentricum (15.1%), whereas maize samples were dominated by F. verticillioides (33.9%), F. fujikuroi (25.3%), and F. proliferatum (21.1%). A phylogenetic analysis of 70 representative isolates demonstrated that each species was resolved as genealogically exclusive in the ML tree. Fumonisin production potential was evaluated using a PCR assay for the fumonisin biosynthesis gene, FUM1 in all of the isolates. Most of the isolates tested (94%) were positive for FUM1. All of the isolates assigned to F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides and F. thapsinum were positive for FUM1 irrespective of their host origin. Seventy-seven representative isolates positive for FUM1 were examined for fumonisin production in rice medium. The majority of F. proliferatum (26/27, 96.3%), F. verticillioides (16/17, 94.1%) and F. fujikuroi (19/25, 76.0%) produced both FB and FB . Notably, 16 of 19 fumonisin-producing F. fujikuroi produced >1000µg/g of fumonisins (FB +FB ) in rice medium, which is higher than that in previous reports. These results suggest that F. fujikuroi can produce high levels of fumonisins similar to F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Grãos Comestíveis/química Grãos Comestíveis/microbiologia Fumonisinas/química Fusarium/isolamento & purificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Biodiversidade Fumonisinas/análise Fumonisinas/metabolismo Fusarium/classificação Fusarium/genética Fator 1 de Elongação de Peptídeos/genética Filogenia RNA Polimerase II/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Fumonisins); 0 (Peptide Elongation Factor 1); EC 2.7.7.- (RNA Polymerase II) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180102 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28463719 [Au] Autor: Karlsson I; Friberg H; Kolseth AK; Steinberg C; Persson P [Ad] Endereço: Dept. of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7043, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: ida.karlsson@slu.se. [Ti] Título: Agricultural factors affecting Fusarium communities in wheat kernels. [So] Source: Int J Food Microbiol;252:53-60, 2017 07 03. [Is] ISSN: 1879-3460 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereals caused by Fusarium fungi. The disease is of great economic importance especially owing to reduced grain quality due to contamination by a range of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium. Disease control and prediction is difficult because of the many Fusarium species associated with FHB. Different species may respond differently to control methods and can have both competitive and synergistic interactions. Therefore, it is important to understand how agricultural practices affect Fusarium at the community level. Lower levels of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination of organically produced cereals compared with conventionally produced have been reported, but the causes of these differences are not well understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of agricultural factors on Fusarium abundance and community composition in different cropping systems. Winter wheat kernels were collected from 18 organically and conventionally cultivated fields in Sweden, paired based on their geographical distance and the wheat cultivar grown. We characterised the Fusarium community in harvested wheat kernels using 454 sequencing of translation elongation factor 1-α amplicons. In addition, we quantified Fusarium spp. using real-time PCR to reveal differences in biomass between fields. We identified 12 Fusarium operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a median of 4.5 OTUs per field. Fusarium graminearum was the most abundant species, while F. avenaceum had the highest occurrence. The abundance of Fusarium spp. ranged two orders of magnitude between fields. Two pairs of Fusarium species co-occurred between fields: F. poae with F. tricinctum and F. culmorum with F. sporotrichoides. We could not detect any difference in Fusarium communities between the organic and conventional systems. However, agricultural intensity, measured as the number of pesticide applications and the amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied, had an impact on Fusarium communities, specifically increasing the abundance of F. tricinctum. There were geographical differences in the Fusarium community composition where F. graminearum was more abundant in the western part of Sweden. The application of amplicon sequencing provided a comprehensive view of the Fusarium community in cereals. This gives us better opportunities to understand the ecology of Fusarium spp., which is important in order to limit FHB and mycotoxin contamination in cereals. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Agricultura/métodos Contaminação de Alimentos/análise Fusarium/metabolismo Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia Triticum/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Grãos Comestíveis/química Grãos Comestíveis/microbiologia Fusarium/classificação Fusarium/genética Fusarium/isolamento & purificação Micotoxinas/análise Micotoxinas/metabolismo Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real Sementes/química Sementes/microbiologia Suécia Triticum/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Mycotoxins) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170503 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29277571 [Au] Autor: Varga E; Wiesenberger G; Woelflingseder L; Twaruschek K; Hametner C; Vaclaviková M; Malachová A; Marko D; Berthiller F; Adam G [Ad] Endereço: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria. Electronic address: elisabeth.varga@boku.ac.at. [Ti] Título: Less-toxic rearrangement products of NX-toxins are formed during storage and food processing. [So] Source: Toxicol Lett;284:205-212, 2018 Mar 01. [Is] ISSN: 1879-3169 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: A new type A trichothecene mycotoxin, NX-2, was previously reported to be produced by North American isolates of the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Here we describe the isolation and structural characterization of a rearrangement product, called NX2-M1, and related compounds with different acetylation patterns (NX3-M1 and NX4-M1). In the NX-M1 derivatives, the epoxide ring is opened, and a covalent bridge between C-10 and C-12 of the trichothecene backbone is formed. In vitro translation assays showed that NX3-M1 is less toxic for eukaryotic ribosomes than NX-3. NX3-M1 also has a greatly reduced cytotoxic potential on two tested human colon cell lines. Formation of NX3-M1 can therefore be regarded as a detoxification reaction. The related F. graminearum mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which is frequently occurring worldwide, is very stable during food processing. Testing NX-3 at different pH-values and temperature conditions, as well as under conditions that simulate the storage of infected grains and bread-making process, revealed a strongly reduced stability of NX-3 and concurrent formation of NX3-M1. Although the NX-3 formed in planta is as toxic as DON, the extensive formation of the non-toxic rearrangement product should be taken into account for risk assessment of this emerging food contaminant. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Grãos Comestíveis Manipulação de Alimentos Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento Tricotecenos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Colo/citologia Colo/efeitos dos fármacos Grãos Comestíveis/química Grãos Comestíveis/microbiologia Contaminação de Alimentos/análise Microbiologia de Alimentos Armazenamento de Alimentos Fusarium/metabolismo Células HT29 Temperatura Alta Seres Humanos Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio Estrutura Molecular Relação Estrutura-Atividade Tricotecenos/química Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificação Tricotecenos/toxicidade [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Trichothecenes); 0 (trichothecene NX-2) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180221 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180221 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171227 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29248571 [Au] Autor: Jarolim K; Wolters K; Woelflingseder L; Pahlke G; Beisl J; Puntscher H; Braun D; Sulyok M; Warth B; Marko D [Ad] Endereço: University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria. [Ti] Título: The secondary Fusarium metabolite aurofusarin induces oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human colon cells. [So] Source: Toxicol Lett;284:170-183, 2018 Mar 01. [Is] ISSN: 1879-3169 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Aurofusarin (AURO), a dimeric naphthoquinone, is produced by Fusarium fungi. Although frequently found in food and feed, toxicological studies are limited. Hence, the in vitro toxicity of AURO was investigated in the colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 and the non-tumorigenic colon cells HCEC-1CT. Cytotoxic effects were found at concentrations ≥1 µM by evaluating mitochondrial activity (WST-1) and cellular proliferation (sulforhodamine B assay). 10 µM of AURO induced a decrease of cells in the S-phase, measured by flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy revealed AURO-mediated increase of intracellular p53 protein. In accordance, DNA-damage was seen in the comet assay (≥1 µM) together with enhanced levels of formamidopyrimidine-DNA-glycosylase (fpg)-sensitive sites, indicative for oxidative stress. An increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species was observed in the dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay (≥5 µM). The GSSG/GSH ratio was elevated, but no impact on redox-sensitive Nrf2-dependent genes (Nrf2, γ-GCL, NQO1) was found at the gene expression level. However, induction of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) 1A1 was measured at the gene expression and protein level. In conclusion, these in vitro data suggest that, when co-occurring, AURO might be considered as a potential contributor to the overall toxicity of respective Fusarium mycotoxin mixtures. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Colo/efeitos dos fármacos Dano ao DNA Fusarium/metabolismo Mutagênicos/toxicidade Naftoquinonas/toxicidade Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Técnicas de Cultura de Células Proliferação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Colo/metabolismo Colo/patologia Ensaio Cometa Citometria de Fluxo Células HT29 Seres Humanos Mutagênicos/isolamento & purificação Naftoquinonas/isolamento & purificação Fase S/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Mutagens); 0 (Naphthoquinones); EYG3R23SI1 (aurofusarin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180221 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180221 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171218 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29257654 [Au] Autor: Soren KR; Gangwar P; Khatterwani P; Chaudhary RG; Datta S [Ti] Título: Genetic diversity assessment of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris isolates of Indian chickpea fields as revealed by the SRAP marker system. [So] Source: J Environ Biol;37(6):1291-97, 2016 Nov. [Is] ISSN: 0254-8704 [Cp] País de publicação: India [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: An experiment was conducted to study the precise geographical distribution and racial complexity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp ciceris (Foc) isolates representing 12 states of 4 agro-climatic zones of India at morphological, pathogenic and molecular level. The DNA based sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers was employed to differentiate Foc isolates at genome level. The genotypic data output of the isolates was examined for diversity parameter as marker's Polymorphic percentage (PM %), Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), Marker Index (MI) and Gene Diversity Index (DI). As a result, 15 primers used in this study could generated total of 154 reproducible alleles ranging from 100-2100 bp (average allele per marker 10.26) in size, of that 149 (97%) were found to be polymorphic. The neighbor-joining analysis effectively classified the isolates of North East Plain Zone (NEPZ), Central Zone (CZ), North West Plain Zone (NWPZ) and South Zone (SZ) into four clusters. In summary, DNA based marker analysis could differentiate as per isolates geographical location, however pathogenic interaction of isolates from same geographical location could not match the genetic differentiation. Accordingly, considering the present complexity in racial profile, precise classification based on homologs virulence genes specific to races would give a more meaningful in correlating isolates with their native geographical distribution and helps in future resistance breeding programs for sustainable management of vascular wilt disease. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cicer/microbiologia Marcadores Genéticos Variação Genética Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Fusarium/genética Índia Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Genetic Markers) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180219 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180219 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171220 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29290106 [Au] Autor: Lv P; Chen Y; Zhao Z; Shi T; Wu X; Xue J; Li QX; Hua R [Ad] Endereço: Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiangxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China. [Ti] Título: Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activities of 3-Acyl Thiotetronic Acid Derivatives: New Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors. [So] Source: J Agric Food Chem;66(4):1023-1032, 2018 Jan 31. [Is] ISSN: 1520-5118 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Emerging fungal phytodiseases are increasingly becoming a food security threat. Twenty-six new 3-acylthiotetronic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for activities against Valsa mali, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Among the 26 compounds, 6f was the most effective against V. mali, C. lunata, F. graminearum, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici with median effective concentrations (EC ) of 4.1, 3.1, 3.6, and 4.1 µg/mL, respectively, while the corresponding EC were 0.14, 6.7, 22.4, and 4.3 µg/mL of the fungicide azoxystrobin; 4.2, 41.7, 0.42, and 0.12 µg/mL of the fungicide carbendazim; and >50, 0.19, 0.43, and BS > 50 µg/mL of the fungicide fluopyram. The inhibitory potency against V. mali fatty acid synthase agreed well with the in vitro antifungal activity. The molecular docking suggested that the 3-acylthiotetronic acid derivatives targeted the C171Q KasA complex. The findings help understanding the mode of action and design and synthesis of novel potent fungicides. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Inibidores Enzimáticos Ácido Graxo Sintases/antagonistas & inibidores Fungicidas Industriais/síntese química Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia Hidroxibutiratos/química Compostos de Sulfidrila/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Acilação Agroquímicos Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos Cristalografia por Raios X Desenho de Drogas Fungicidas Industriais/química Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos Modelos Moleculares Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular Estrutura Molecular Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Agrochemicals); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Fungicides, Industrial); 0 (Hydroxybutyrates); 0 (Sulfhydryl Compounds); 0 (thiotetronic acid); EC 2.3.1.85 (Fatty Acid Synthases) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180212 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180212 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180102 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05491

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[PMID]: 29369560 [Au] Autor: Vetchinkina EM; Komakhina VV; Vysotskii DA; Zaitsev DV; Smirnov AN; Babakov AV; Komakhin RA [Ti] Título: [Expression of plant antimicrobial peptide pro-SmAMP2 gene increases resistance of transgenic potato plants to Alternaria and Fusarium pathogens]. [So] Source: Genetika;52(9):1055-68, 2016 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 0016-6758 [Cp] País de publicação: Russia (Federation) [La] Idioma: rus [Ab] Resumo: The chickweed (Stellaria media L.) pro-SmAMP2 gene encodes the hevein-like peptides that have in vitro antimicrobial activity against certain harmful microorganisms. These peptides play an important role in protecting the chickweed plants from infection, and the pro-SmAMP2 gene was previously used to protect transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants from phytopathogens. In this study, the pro-SmAMP2 gene under control of viral CaMV35S promoter or under control of its own pro-SmAMP2 promoter was transformed into cultivated potato plants of two cultivars, differing in the resistance to Alternaria: Yubiley Zhukova (resistant) and Skoroplodny (susceptible). With the help of quantitative real-time PCR, it was demonstrated that transgenic potato plants expressed the pro-SmAMP2 gene under control of both promoters at the level comparable to or exceeding the level of the potato actin gene. Assessment of the immune status of the transformants demonstrated that expression of antimicrobial peptide pro-SmAMP2 gene was able to increase the resistance to a complex of Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. phytopathogens only in potato plants of the Yubiley Zhukova cultivar. The possible role of the pro-SmAMP2 products in protecting potatoes from Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. is discussed. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Alternaria Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos Resistência à Doença/genética Fusarium Proteínas de Plantas Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas Solanum tuberosum [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/biossíntese Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/genética Proteínas de Plantas/biossíntese Proteínas de Plantas/genética Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/microbiologia Solanum tuberosum/genética Solanum tuberosum/metabolismo Solanum tuberosum/microbiologia Stellaria/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides); 0 (Plant Proteins) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180205 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180205 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180126 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28460114 [Au] Autor: Reynolds HT; Slot JC; Divon HH; Lysøe E; Proctor RH; Brown DW [Ad] Endereço: Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. [Ti] Título: Differential Retention of Gene Functions in a Secondary Metabolite Cluster. [So] Source: Mol Biol Evol;34(8):2002-2015, 2017 Aug 01. [Is] ISSN: 1537-1719 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In fungi, distribution of secondary metabolite (SM) gene clusters is often associated with host- or environment-specific benefits provided by SMs. In the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola (Dothideomycetes), the DEP cluster confers an ability to synthesize the SM depudecin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor that contributes weakly to virulence. The DEP cluster includes genes encoding enzymes, a transporter, and a transcription regulator. We investigated the distribution and evolution of the DEP cluster in 585 fungal genomes and found a wide but sporadic distribution among Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes. We confirmed DEP gene expression and depudecin production in one fungus, Fusarium langsethiae. Phylogenetic analyses suggested 6-10 horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) of the cluster, including a transfer that led to the presence of closely related cluster homologs in Alternaria and Fusarium. The analyses also indicated that HGTs were frequently followed by loss/pseudogenization of one or more DEP genes. Independent cluster inactivation was inferred in at least four fungal classes. Analyses of transitions among functional, pseudogenized, and absent states of DEP genes among Fusarium species suggest enzyme-encoding genes are lost at higher rates than the transporter (DEP3) and regulatory (DEP6) genes. The phenotype of an experimentally-induced DEP3 mutant of Fusarium did not support the hypothesis that selective retention of DEP3 and DEP6 protects fungi from exogenous depudecin. Together, the results suggest that HGT and gene loss have contributed significantly to DEP cluster distribution, and that some DEP genes provide a greater fitness benefit possibly due to a differential tendency to form network connections. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Alcadienos/metabolismo Compostos de Epóxi/metabolismo Álcoois Graxos/metabolismo Genoma Fúngico/genética Família Multigênica/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Ascomicetos/genética Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos Evolução Molecular Proteínas Fúngicas/genética Fusarium/genética Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica/genética Transferência Genética Horizontal/genética Filogenia Metabolismo Secundário/genética Virulência/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Alkadienes); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Fatty Alcohols); 0 (Fungal Proteins); 139508-73-9 (depudecin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180201 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180201 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170502 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx145

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