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[PMID]: 29191011 [Au] Autor: Zhang Z; Wang H; Wang K; Jiang L; Wang D [Ti] Título: Use of Lentinan To Control Sharp Eyespot of Wheat, and the Mechanism Involved. [So] Source: J Agric Food Chem;65(50):10891-10898, 2017 Dec 20. [Is] ISSN: 1520-5118 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Lentinan (LNT), a complex polysaccharide with a ß-(1→3)-linked backbone of d-glucose residues, has been reported to inhibit plant diseases. Our objective was to explore the efficacy and action mechanism of LNT used as a seed dressing to control sharp eyespot of wheat. Seed dressing promoted wheat growth. At control germination rates of 50%, 8 g of LNT/100 kg of seeds of the Jimai 22, Shannong 23, and Luyuan 502 cultivars significantly increased seed germination to 54%, 52%, and 51%, respectively. Seven days after emergence, the heights and root activity of wheat treated with LNT were significantly greater than those of controls. These effects were dose-dependent. At this time, the plant heights of Jimai 22, Shannong 23, and Luyuan 502 cultivars were 9.52, 8.52, and 10.52 cm, respectively, significantly higher than that of the controls. LNT prevented the development of wheat sharp eyespot. In the highly susceptible Jimai 22 cultivar, sharp eyespot development was reduced by 33.7%, 31.9%, and 30.4% at 7, 14, and 21 days after germination. LNT somewhat increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity; reduced the malondialdehyde content; increased chlorophyll a and b levels; and enhanced the root vigor of wheat. These effects peaked 7 days after germination. LNT increased transcription of the genes encoding alternative oxidase (AOX) and ß-1,3-glucanase (GLU), the salicylic acid signaling pathway-related gene NbPR1a, and the sharp eyespot resistance-related gene RS33. A significant dose-effect relationship was evident in terms of AOX transcription; we thus speculate that AOX may be the target gene. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia Lentinano/farmacologia Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia Rhizoctonia/efeitos dos fármacos Cogumelos Shiitake/química Triticum/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Clorofila/metabolismo Fungicidas Industriais/química Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos Lentinano/química Malondialdeído/metabolismo Fenilalanina Amônia-Liase/genética Fenilalanina Amônia-Liase/metabolismo Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia Extratos Vegetais/química Proteínas de Plantas/genética Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo Rhizoctonia/fisiologia Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento Sementes/microbiologia Superóxido Dismutase/genética Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Fungicides, Industrial); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Plant Proteins); 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll); 37339-90-5 (Lentinan); 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); EC 4.3.1.24 (Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase); YF5Q9EJC8Y (chlorophyll a) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180110 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180110 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171202 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04665

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[PMID]: 28449662 [Au] Autor: Copley TR; Aliferis KA; Kliebenstein DJ; Jabaji SH [Ad] Endereço: Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada. [Ti] Título: An integrated RNAseq- H NMR metabolomics approach to understand soybean primary metabolism regulation in response to Rhizoctonia foliar blight disease. [So] Source: BMC Plant Biol;17(1):84, 2017 04 27. [Is] ISSN: 1471-2229 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA is a devastating phytopathogen causing Rhizoctonia foliar blight (RFB) of soybean worldwide with yield losses reaching 60%. Plant defense mechanisms are complex and information from different metabolic pathways is required to thoroughly understand plant defense regulation and function. Combining information from different "omics" levels such as transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics is required to gain insights into plant metabolism and its regulation. As such, we studied fluctuations in soybean metabolism in response to R. solani infection at early and late disease stages using an integrated transcriptomics-metabolomics approach, focusing on the regulation of soybean primary metabolism and oxidative stress tolerance. RESULTS: Transcriptomics (RNAseq) and metabolomics ( H NMR) data were analyzed individually and by integration using bidirectional orthogonal projections to latent structures (O2PLS) to reveal possible links between the metabolome and transcriptome during early and late infection stages. O2PLS analysis detected 516 significant transcripts, double that reported in the univariate analysis, and more significant metabolites than detected in partial least squares discriminant analysis. Strong separation of treatments based on integration of the metabolomes and transcriptomes of the analyzed soybean leaves was revealed, similar trends as those seen in analyses done on individual datasets, validating the integration method being applied. Strong fluctuations of soybean primary metabolism occurred in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, photosynthesis and photosynthates in response to R. solani infection. Data were validated using quantitative real-time PCR on a set of specific markers as well as randomly selected genes. Significant increases in transcript and metabolite levels involved in redox reactions and ROS signaling, such as peroxidases, thiamine, tocopherol, proline, L-alanine and GABA were also recorded. Levels of ethanol increased 24 h post-infection in soybean leaves, and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) loss-of-function mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana had higher necrosis than wild type plants. CONCLUSIONS: As a proof-of-concept, this study offers novel insights into the biological correlations and identification of candidate genes and metabolites that can be used in soybean breeding for resistance to R. solani AG1-IA infection. Additionally, these findings imply that alcohol and its associated gene product ADH may have important roles in plant resistance to R. solani AG1-IA causing foliar blight. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia Rhizoctonia/fisiologia Feijão de Soja/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Análise de Variância Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico Perfilação da Expressão Gênica Glicólise Metabolômica Mutação Fotossíntese Doenças das Plantas/genética Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética RNA de Plantas Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real Análise de Sequência de RNA Feijão de Soja/genética Feijão de Soja/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S. [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (RNA, Plant) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171220 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171220 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1020-8

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[PMID]: 28877263 [Au] Autor: Copley TR; Duggavathi R; Jabaji S [Ad] Endereço: Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada. [Ti] Título: The transcriptional landscape of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA during infection of soybean as defined by RNA-seq. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(9):e0184095, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Rhizoctonia solani Kühn infects most plant families and can cause significant agricultural yield losses worldwide; however, plant resistance to this disease is rare and short-lived, and therefore poorly understood, resulting in the use of chemical pesticides for its control. Understanding the functional responses of this pathogen during host infection can help elucidate the molecular mechanisms that are necessary for successful host invasion. Using the pathosystem model soybean-R. solani anastomosis group AG1-IA, we examined the global transcriptional responses of R. solani during early and late infection stages of soybean by applying an RNA-seq approach. Approximately, 148 million clean paired-end reads, representing 93% of R. solani AG1-IA genes, were obtained from the sequenced libraries. Analysis of R. solani AG1-IA transcripts during soybean invasion revealed that most genes were similarly expressed during early and late infection stages, and only 11% and 15% of the expressed genes were differentially expressed during early and late infection stages, respectively. Analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed shifts in molecular pathways involved in antibiotics biosynthesis, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as pathways involved in antioxidant production. Furthermore, several KEGG pathways were unique to each time point, particularly the up-regulation of genes related to toxin degradation (e.g., nicotinate and nicotinamid metabolism) at onset of necrosis, and those linked to synthesis of anti-microbial compounds and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) biosynthesis 24 h.p.o. of necrosis. These results suggest that particular genes or pathways are required for either invasion or disease development. Overall, this study provides the first insights into R. solani AG1-IA transcriptome responses to soybean invasion providing beneficial information for future targeted control methods of this successful pathogen. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Rhizoctonia/metabolismo Feijão de Soja/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Perfilação da Expressão Gênica Genes Fúngicos/genética Genes Fúngicos/fisiologia Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia RNA/genética Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real Rhizoctonia/genética Rhizoctonia/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 63231-63-0 (RNA) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171006 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171006 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170907 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184095

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[PMID]: 28622596 [Au] Autor: Jin H; Zhou J; Pu T; Zhang A; Gao X; Tao K; Hou T [Ad] Endereço: Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China. Electronic address: jinhong@scu.edu.cn. [Ti] Título: Synthesis of novel fenfuram-diarylether hybrids as potent succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. [So] Source: Bioorg Chem;73:76-82, 2017 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2120 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Twelve novel fenfuram-diarylether hybrids were designed, synthesized and characterized by H NMR and MS. Their in vitro antifungal activities were evaluated against five phytopathogenic fungi by mycelial growth inhibition method. Most compounds showed significant antifungal effect on Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Compound 1c exhibited the most potent antifungal effect on R. solani with an EC value of 0.242mg/L, superior to the commercial fungicide boscalid (EC =1.758mg/L) and the lead fungicide fenfuram (EC =7.691mg/L). Molecular docking revealed that compound 1c featured a higher affinity for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) than fenfuram. Furthermore, it was shown that the 2-chlorophenyl group of compound 1c formed a π-π stacking with D/Tyr-128 and a Cl-π interaction with B/His-249, which made compound 1c more active than fenfuram against SDH. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antifúngicos/farmacologia Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia Éteres/farmacologia Furanos/farmacologia Rhizoctonia/efeitos dos fármacos Succinato Desidrogenase/antagonistas & inibidores [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Antifúngicos/síntese química Antifúngicos/química Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química Inibidores Enzimáticos/química Éteres/química Furanos/química Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Modelos Moleculares Estrutura Molecular Rhizoctonia/enzimologia Relação Estrutura-Atividade Succinato Desidrogenase/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Ethers); 0 (Furans); EC 1.3.99.1 (Succinate Dehydrogenase) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170804 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170804 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170617 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28489938 [Au] Autor: Hu W; Pan X; Abbas HMK; Li F; Dong W [Ad] Endereço: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. [Ti] Título: Metabolites contributing to Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IA maturation and sclerotial differentiation revealed by UPLC-QTOF-MS metabolomics. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(5):e0177464, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Rhizoctonia solani is a causative agent of sheath blight, which results in huge economic losses every year. During its life cycle, the formation of sclerotia helps Rhizoctonia solani withstand a variety of unfavorable factors. Oxidative stress is a key factor that induces sclerotium formation. The differentiated and undifferentiated phenotypes of R. solani AG-1-IA were obtained by controlling aerial conditions. Metabolomics based on the mass spectrometry technique combined with multivariate and univariate analyses was used to investigate the metabolic variation in vegetative, differentiated and undifferentiated mycelia. Our results revealed that during maturation, the metabolic levels of N2-acetyl-L-ornithine, 3,1'-(OH)2-Gamma-carotene, (5Z,7E)-(1S,3R)-24,24-difluoro-24a-homo-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19)-cholestatrien-1,3,25-triol, stoloniferone O, PA(O-18:0/12:0), PA(P-16:0/14:0), PA(P-16:0/16:(19Z)) and PA(P-16:0/17:2(9Z,12Z)) were suppressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated mycelia. The concentrations of PE(20:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z)), PE(P-16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)(15OH[S])) and PS(12:0/18:1(9Z)) were increased in the differentiated group, while increased levels of N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine, tenuazonic acid and 9S,10S,11R-trihydroxy-12Z,15Z-octadecadienoic acid were found in the undifferentiated group. Our results suggest that different levels of these metabolites may act as biomarkers for the developmental stages of R. solani AG-1-IA. Moreover, the mechanisms of sclerotium formation and mycelium differentiation were elucidated at the metabolic level. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Micélio/crescimento & desenvolvimento Micélio/metabolismo Rhizoctonia/crescimento & desenvolvimento Rhizoctonia/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão Espectrometria de Massas Metabolômica Micélio/química Fenótipo Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia Rhizoctonia/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170908 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170908 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170511 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177464

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[PMID]: 28486484 [Au] Autor: Verwaaijen B; Wibberg D; Kröber M; Winkler A; Zrenner R; Bednarz H; Niehaus K; Grosch R; Pühler A; Schlüter A [Ad] Endereço: Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. [Ti] Título: The Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IB (isolate 7/3/14) transcriptome during interaction with the host plant lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). [So] Source: PLoS One;12(5):e0177278, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most economically important soil-borne pathogens of crop plants. Isolates of R. solani AG1-IB are the major pathogens responsible for bottom-rot of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and are also responsible for diseases in other plant species. Currently, there is lack of information regarding the molecular responses in R. solani during the pathogenic interaction between the necrotrophic soil-borne pathogen and its host plant. The genome of R. solani AG1-IB (isolate 7/3/14) was recently established to obtain insights into its putative pathogenicity determinants. In this study, the transcriptional activity of R. solani AG1-IB was followed during the course of its pathogenic interaction with the host plant lettuce under controlled conditions. Based on visual observations, three distinct pathogen-host interaction zones on lettuce leaves were defined which covered different phases of disease progression on tissue inoculated with the AG1-IB (isolate 7/3/14). The zones were defined as: Zone 1-symptomless, Zone 2-light brown discoloration, and Zone 3-dark brown, necrotic lesions. Differences in R. solani hyphae structure in these three zones were investigated by microscopic observation. Transcriptional activity within these three interaction zones was used to represent the course of R. solani disease progression applying high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of samples collected from each Zone. The resulting three transcriptome data sets were analyzed for their highest expressed genes and for differentially transcribed genes between the respective interaction zones. Among the highest expressed genes was a group of not previously described genes which were transcribed exclusively during early stages of interaction, in Zones 1 and 2. Previously described importance of up-regulation in R. solani agglutinin genes during disease progression could be further confirmed; here, the corresponding genes exhibited extremely high transcription levels. Most differentially higher expressed transcripts were found within Zone 2. In Zone 3, the zone with the strongest degree of interaction, gene transcripts indicative of apoptotic activity were highly abundant. The transcriptome data presented in this work support previous models of the disease and interaction cycle of R. solani and lettuce and may influence effective techniques for control of this pathogen. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno Alface/microbiologia Rhizoctonia/genética Transcriptoma [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Perfilação da Expressão Gênica Genes Bacterianos Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala RNA de Plantas/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (RNA, Plant) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170926 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170926 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170510 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177278

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[PMID]: 28476979 [Au] Autor: Soltani Nejad M; Bonjar GHS; Khatami M; Amini A; Aghighi S [Ad] Endereço: Department of Plant Pathology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. meysamsoltaninejad@gmail.com. [Ti] Título: and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles against , a common agent of rice sheath blight disease. [So] Source: IET Nanobiotechnol;11(3):236-240, 2017 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1751-8741 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Sheath blight disease in rice has caused major crop losses worldwide. Managing the causal agent of disease Kühn is difficult because of its broad host range and formation of sclerotia which can survive in harsh environmental conditions; therefore developing innovative disease management methods without application of hazardous chemicals has been considered as the main concern to maintain sustainable agriculture. This presented research has revealed the negative impact of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on and disease progress both and The adverse effects of the SNPs on are significantly dependent on the quantity of SNPs, sprayed at different concentrations . The highest inhibition level against sclerotia formation and mycelia growth are 92 and 85%, respectively, at a SNPs concentration of 50 ppm. glasshouse experiments also showed that SNPs at the same concentration favourably affects both the fresh and dry weight of rice plants with a remarkable suppressive effect on the lesion development in leaves. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Nanopartículas Metálicas/administração & dosagem Oryza/microbiologia Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle Rhizoctonia/efeitos dos fármacos Prata/administração & dosagem [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem Antifúngicos/química Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos Apoptose/fisiologia Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga Nanopartículas Metálicas/química Nanopartículas Metálicas/ultraestrutura Oryza/efeitos dos fármacos Tamanho da Partícula Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos Folhas de Planta/microbiologia Rhizoctonia/classificação Rhizoctonia/fisiologia Especificidade da Espécie Resultado do Tratamento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antifungal Agents); 3M4G523W1G (Silver) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170817 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170817 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170507 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0121

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[PMID]: 28383281 [Au] Autor: Jaaffar AKM; Parejko JA; Paulitz TC; Weller DM; Thomashow LS [Ad] Endereço: First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430; and third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430. [Ti] Título: Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia Isolates to Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid and Biological Control by Phenazine-Producing Pseudomonas spp. [So] Source: Phytopathology;107(6):692-703, 2017 06. [Is] ISSN: 0031-949X [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups (AG)-8 and AG-2-1 and R. oryzae are ubiquitous in cereal-based cropping systems of the Columbia Plateau of the Inland Pacific Northwest and commonly infect wheat. AG-8 and R. oryzae, causal agents of Rhizoctonia root rot and bare patch, are most commonly found in fields in the low-precipitation zone, whereas R. solani AG-2-1 is much less virulent on wheat and is distributed in fields throughout the low-, intermediate-, and high-precipitation zones. Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) also are abundant in the rhizosphere of crops grown in the low-precipitation zone but their broader geographic distribution and effect on populations of Rhizoctonia is unknown. To address these questions, we surveyed the distribution of PCA producers (Phz ) in 59 fields in cereal-based cropping systems throughout the Columbia Plateau. Phz Pseudomonas spp. were detected in 37 of 59 samples and comprised from 0 to 12.5% of the total culturable heterotrophic aerobic rhizosphere bacteria. The frequency with which individual plants were colonized by Phz pseudomonads ranged from 0 to 100%. High and moderate colonization frequencies of Phz pseudomonads were associated with roots from fields located in the driest areas whereas only moderate and low colonization frequencies were associated with crops where higher annual precipitation occurs. Thus, the geographic distribution of Phz pseudomonads overlaps closely with the distribution of R. solani AG-8 but not with that of R. oryzae or R. solani AG-2-1. Moreover, linear regression analysis demonstrated a highly significant inverse relationship between annual precipitation and the frequency of rhizospheres colonized by Phz pseudomonads. Phz pseudomonads representative of the four major indigenous species (P. aridus, P. cerealis, P. orientalis, and P. synxantha) suppressed Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat when applied as seed treatments. In vitro, mean 50% effective dose values for isolates of AG-8 and AG-2-1 from fields with high and low frequencies of phenazine producers did not differ significantly, nor was there a correlation between virulence of an isolate and sensitivity to PCA, resulting in rejection of the hypothesis that tolerance in Rhizoctonia spp. to PCA develops in nature upon exposure to Phz pseudomonads. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Hordeum/microbiologia Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle Pseudomonas/química Rhizoctonia/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Agentes de Controle Biológico Produtos Agrícolas Grãos Comestíveis/microbiologia Geografia Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio Fenazinas/metabolismo Fenazinas/farmacologia Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia Pseudomonas/fisiologia Rhizoctonia/crescimento & desenvolvimento Rizosfera Virulência [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S. [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Biological Control Agents); 0 (Phenazines); 2538-68-3 (1-phenazinecarboxylic acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1707 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170720 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170720 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170407 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-07-16-0257-R

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[PMID]: 28362991 [Au] Autor: Mohr FB; Lermen C; Gazim ZC; Gonçalves JE; Alberton O [Ad] Endereço: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil. [Ti] Título: Antifungal activity, yield, and composition of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil. [So] Source: Genet Mol Res;16(1), 2017 Mar 16. [Is] ISSN: 1676-5680 [Cp] País de publicação: Brazil [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Ocimum gratissimum L. or clove basil, belongs to the Lamiaceae family, has various desirable uses and applications. Beyond its aromatic, seasoning, and medicinal applications, this plant also has antimicrobial activity. This study was aimed at assessing the antifungal activity, yield, and composition of the essential oil (EO) of O. gratissimum. The species was cultivated in garden beds with dystrophic red latosol soil type containing high organic-matter content. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation of dried leaves in a modified Clevenger apparatus, followed by determination of its content. Chemical characterization was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Microbial activity was assessed using the broth microdilution method, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), in order to compare the antimicrobial effect of EO in 10 isolates-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp tracheiphilum (CMM-0033), F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (CMM-0813 and CMM-2819), F. oxysporum f. sp lycopersici (CMM-1104), F. solani (CMM-3828), Rhizoctonia solani (CMM-3274), and Macrophomina phaseolina (CMM-2715, CMM-3875, CMM-3615, and CMM-3650). The EO was a highly effective inhibitor of the studied phytopathogenic fungi, with MICs varying from 31.25 to 125 µg/mL. F. oxysporum f. sp lycopersici and R. solani were the most sensitive; both were inhibited at an MIC of 31.25 µg/mL. The EO content in the plant extract was 0.18%. Thirty chemical compounds were detected via GC-MS, with linalool (32.9%) being the major compound followed by 1,8-cineole (21.9%), both oxygenated monoterpenes. It can be concluded that clove basil EO is a highly effective antifungal agent, and therefore, a potential alternative for the control of plant pathogenic diseases. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos Fungos Mitospóricos/efeitos dos fármacos Ocimum/química Óleos Voláteis/química Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Antifúngicos/química Antifúngicos/farmacologia Ascomicetos/classificação Fusarium/classificação Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Fungos Mitospóricos/classificação Folhas de Planta/química Óleos Vegetais/química Óleos Vegetais/farmacologia Rhizoctonia/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Oils, Volatile); 0 (Plant Oils) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1704 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170406 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170406 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170401 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.4238/gmr16019542

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MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28361712 [Au] Autor: Lu B; Zhang L; Leong HW [Ad] Endereço: Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore, 117417, Singapore. [Ti] Título: A program to compute the soft Robinson-Foulds distance between phylogenetic networks. [So] Source: BMC Genomics;18(Suppl 2):111, 2017 03 14. [Is] ISSN: 1471-2164 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades, phylogenetic networks have been studied to model reticulate evolutionary events. The relationships among phylogenetic networks, phylogenetic trees and clusters serve as the basis for reconstruction and comparison of phylogenetic networks. To understand these relationships, two problems are raised: the tree containment problem, which asks whether a phylogenetic tree is displayed in a phylogenetic network, and the cluster containment problem, which asks whether a cluster is represented at a node in a phylogenetic network. Both the problems are NP-complete. RESULTS: A fast exponential-time algorithm for the cluster containment problem on arbitrary networks is developed and implemented in C. The resulting program is further extended into a computer program for fast computation of the Soft Robinson-Foulds distance between phylogenetic networks. CONCLUSIONS: Two computer programs are developed for facilitating reconstruction and validation of phylogenetic network models in evolutionary and comparative genomics. Our simulation tests indicated that they are fast enough for use in practice. Additionally, the distribution of the Soft Robinson-Foulds distance between phylogenetic networks is demonstrated to be unlikely normal by our simulation data. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Algoritmos Biologia Computacional/estatística & dados numéricos Modelos Genéticos Filogenia Software [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Evolução Biológica Culicidae/classificação Culicidae/genética Proteínas de Plantas/genética Poaceae/classificação Poaceae/genética RNA de Cadeia Dupla/genética RNA Fúngico/genética Rhizoctonia/classificação Rhizoctonia/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Plant Proteins); 0 (RNA, Double-Stranded); 0 (RNA, Fungal) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171120 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171120 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170401 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3500-5

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