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[PMID]: 29318305 [Au] Autor: Opatic AM; Necemer M; Kocman D; Lojen S [Ti] Título: Geographical Origin Characterization of Slovenian Organic Garlic Using Stable Isotope and Elemental Composition Analyses. [So] Source: Acta Chim Slov;64(4):1048-1055, 2017 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1318-0207 [Cp] País de publicação: Slovenia [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In the present research, the applicability of stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, δ18O) and multi-element (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr) data for determining the geographical origin of garlic (Allium sativum L.) at the scale of Slovenia was examined. Slovenia is a rather small country (20273 km2) with significant geological and biological diversity. Garlic, valued for its medicinal properties, was collected from Slovenian farms with certified organic production and analyzed by elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry combined with energy dispersive X- ray fluorescence spectrometry. Multivariate discriminant analysis (DA) revealed a distinction between four Slovenian macro-regions: the Alpine, Dinaric, Mediterranean and Pannonian. The model was validated through a leave-10%, 20% and 25% out cross validation. The overall success rate of correctly reclassified samples was 77% (on average), indicating that the model and the proposed methodology could be a promising tool for rapid, inexpensive and robust screening to control the provenance of garlic samples. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Alho/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Elementos Geografia Isótopos/análise Espectrometria de Massas Eslovênia Espectrometria por Raios X [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Elements); 0 (Isotopes) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180306 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180306 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180111 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28450774 [Au] Autor: Akinbo F; Eze G [Ad] Endereço: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. [Ti] Título: Combined Effects of Medicinal Plants on Induced Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Injury in Wistar Rats. [So] Source: Ethiop J Health Sci;26(6):573-580, 2016 Nov. [Is] ISSN: 2413-7170 [Cp] País de publicação: Ethiopia [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Herbal medicines are now recently used as treatment options. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the combination therapy of medicinal herbs in the treatment of induced gastrointestinal injury among albino wistar rats. METHODS: A total of 60 Albino Wistar rats of both sexes weighing between 130g-150g were used. The control groups which consisted of negative control groups received 1ml of normal saline while the positive control group was given 20mg/kg of indomethacin and sacrificed after 6 hours. Those in the test group were given 20mg/kg of indomethacin, treated in different doses of single and combined extracts of Allium sativum, Brassica oleracea and Aloe barbadensis at 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg body weights, twice daily for 8 days and sacrificed. RESULTS: There was no visible sign of ulceration or perforation observed on the stomach and duodenum when compared with the control. The combination of all three plant extracts at different concentrations ranging from 100 - 300mg/kg cleared all visible ulcers and perforations on the stomach of wistar rats. Similarly, all ulcers in the duodenum of indomethacin induced wistar rats were cleared by the combination of the three extracts. The sections of rat stomach and duodenum given 100mg/kg herbal cocktail and indomethacin showed normal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: A mixture of the three herbs at 300mg/kg was better in healing gastric and duodenal ulcers. The mixture of the three plants extracts exhibit good anti-ulcer activity that warrants further studies. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Úlcera Duodenal/tratamento farmacológico Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia Plantas Medicinais Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aloe Animais Brassica Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga Úlcera Duodenal/patologia Feminino Alho Indometacina/farmacologia Masculino Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem Ratos Ratos Wistar Úlcera Gástrica/patologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Plant Extracts); XXE1CET956 (Indomethacin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180205 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180205 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28873605 [Au] Autor: Yuan H; Sun L; Chen M; Wang J [Ad] Endereço: College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. [Ti] Título: An analysis of the changes on intermediate products during the thermal processing of black garlic. [So] Source: Food Chem;239:56-61, 2018 Jan 15. [Is] ISSN: 0308-8146 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The thermal processing of black garlic was simulated. Fresh garlic was incubated at 55°C with 80% humidity and sampled every 5 or 10days. The changes in relevant products were as follows: the fructan content was decreased by 84.79%, and the fructose content was increased by 508.11%. The contents of Maillard reaction intermediate products were first increased and then decreased. The colour of garlic gradually became dark and the pH decreased from 6.13 to 4.00. By analyzing these changes, the mechanism of black garlic formation and the changes on the Maillard reaction were revealed. The sweetness of black garlic resulted mainly from the fructose that was produced, and the black colour was largely due to the Maillard reaction between fructose/glucose and amino acids. An understanding of this process is useful to explain the formation mechanism of black garlic and could lead to better control of the quality of black garlic. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Alho [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aminoácidos Frutose Glucose Reação de Maillard [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Amino Acids); 30237-26-4 (Fructose); IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171128 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171128 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170907 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28818066 [Au] Autor: Naji KM; Al-Shaibani ES; Alhadi FA; Al-Soudi SA; D'souza MR [Ad] Endereço: Biochemistry section, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, Sana'a University, P.O. Box 13499, Sana'a, Yemen. khalid.m.naji@gmail.com. [Ti] Título: Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of single clove garlic against CCl -induced hepatic damage in rabbits. [So] Source: BMC Complement Altern Med;17(1):411, 2017 Aug 17. [Is] ISSN: 1472-6882 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: The increase in demand and consumption of single clove garlic or 'Solo garlic' (Allium sativum) has resulted in an increase in research on its therapeutic properties. The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activities, oxidant-scavenging efficiency and preventive effects of SCG (single clove garlic) and MCG (multi clove garlic) on CCl -induced acute hepatotoxicity in male rabbits. METHODS: For this purpose, rabbits were orally administered with 3 ml of CCl /kg of body weight, followed by 0.8 g of MCG or SCG/kg twice a week for three successive weeks. Oxidative hepatotoxicity was then assessed. RESULTS: SCG extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than the MCG extract. Scavenging ability of SCG showed significant (p < 0.05) elevation against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals in comparison to MCG. In addition, total phenolic content of SCG was significantly elevated (p < 0.001), thereby suggesting that the composition of garlic storage constituents varies with the number of cloves present. CCl -induced hepatotoxicity demonstrated histological changes including severe damage in the structure of liver tissues which correlated well to oxidative stress levels. Simultaneously, administration of SCG resulted in a significant reduction of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TB) levels in addition to improvement in some histological parameters. Low levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) (p < 0.001), along with a huge reduction in peroxidase (POx) (p < 0.001) revealed protection against oxidative toxicity in the liver homogenate. Higher levels of catalase (CAT) (p < 0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.05) when compared to the MCG test (TM) group indicates that removal of H O is based on CAT activity in SCG test (TS) group rather than the POx activity demonstrated in the former group. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that SCG possesses more protective ability than MCG against CCl -induced liver injury and might be an effective alternative medicine against acute oxidative liver toxicity. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico Alho/química Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos Fitoterapia Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Alanina Transaminase/sangue Animais Antioxidantes/metabolismo Antioxidantes/farmacologia Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue Bilirrubina/sangue Tetracloreto de Carbono Catalase/metabolismo Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos Fígado/metabolismo Masculino Malondialdeído/metabolismo Peroxidase/metabolismo Fenóis/análise Fenóis/farmacologia Fenóis/uso terapêutico Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia Coelhos Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo Superóxidos/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Plant Extracts); 11062-77-4 (Superoxides); 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde); CL2T97X0V0 (Carbon Tetrachloride); EC 1.11.1.6 (Catalase); EC 1.11.1.7 (Peroxidase); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferases); EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Transaminase); RFM9X3LJ49 (Bilirubin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170901 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170901 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170819 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1916-8

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[PMID]: 28805389 [Au] Autor: Jiang S; Penner MH [Ad] Endereço: Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331-6602, United States. [Ti] Título: Overcoming Reductant Interference in Peroxidase-Based Assays for Hydrogen Peroxide Quantification. [So] Source: J Agric Food Chem;65(37):8213-8219, 2017 Sep 20. [Is] ISSN: 1520-5118 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: A problem commonly encountered when using peroxidase-based methods for hydrogen peroxide quantification in biobased matrixes is interference due to the presence of endogenous reductants. Such assays are typically based on the generation of an oxidized reporter molecule in direct proportion to the amount of hydrogen peroxide reduced in the peroxidase-catalyzed reaction. Endogenous reductants confound such assays by reducing the oxidized reporter molecule, thus resulting in underestimates of hydrogen peroxide content. In the present work, we demonstrate how this problem can be circumvented by selectively oxidizing offending compounds by treatment with the oxidized reporter molecule prior to initiating the peroxidase reaction for hydrogen peroxide quantification. The approach is demonstrated using horseradish peroxidase, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), as the reporter molecule and a representative garlic paste as the hydrogen peroxide-containing biobased matrix. The approach is expected to be generally applicable to a wide range of peroxidase-based assays when applied to complex biobased systems. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química Peroxidase/química Substâncias Redutoras/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Catálise Alho/química Cinética Oxirredução [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Reducing Agents); BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide); EC 1.11.1.7 (Peroxidase) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171113 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171113 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170815 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02248

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[PMID]: 28719747 [Au] Autor: Tonti S; Mandrioli M; Nipoti P; Pisi A; Toschi TG; Prodi A [Ad] Endereço: Department of Agricultural Sciences (DipSA) and §Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DiSTAL), University of Bologna , Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy. [Ti] Título: Detection of Fumonisins in Fresh and Dehydrated Commercial Garlic. [So] Source: J Agric Food Chem;65(32):7000-7005, 2017 Aug 16. [Is] ISSN: 1520-5118 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: An epidemic fungal disease caused by Fusarium proliferatum, responsible for fumonisin production (FB1, FB2, and FB3), has been reported in the main garlic-producing countries in recent years. Fumonisins are a group of structurally related toxic metabolites produced by this pathogen. The aim of this work was to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure, mostly applied to cereals, that is suitable for fumonisin detection in garlic and compare these results to those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and screening of fresh and dehydrated garlic for toxicological risk. The results show good correlation between the two analytical methods. In fresh symptomatic garlic, fumonisin levels were higher in the basal plates than those in the portions with necrotic spots. Among the 56 commercially dehydrated garlic samples screened, three were positive by ELISA test and only one was above the limit of quantitation. The same samples analyzed by HPLC showed the presence of FB1 in trace amounts that was below the limit of quantitation; FB2 and FB3 were absent. The results are reassuring, because no substantial contamination by fumonisins was found in commercial garlic. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Contaminação de Alimentos/análise Fumonisinas/análise Alho/química Micotoxinas/análise [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Contaminação de Alimentos/economia Manipulação de Alimentos Fumonisinas/metabolismo Fusarium/metabolismo Alho/microbiologia Micotoxinas/metabolismo Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Fumonisins); 0 (Mycotoxins) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170825 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170825 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170719 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02758

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[PMID]: 28683396 [Au] Autor: Zou Y; Zhao M; Yang K; Lin L; Wang Y [Ad] Endereço: School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. [Ti] Título: Enrichment of antioxidants in black garlic juice using macroporous resins and their protective effects on oxidation-damaged human erythrocytes. [So] Source: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci;1060:443-450, 2017 Aug 15. [Is] ISSN: 1873-376X [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The black garlic juice is popular for its nutritive value. Enrichment of antioxidants is needed to make black garlic extract an effective functional ingredient. Five macroporous resins were evaluated for their capacity in adsorbing antioxidants in black garlic juice. XAD-16 resin was chosen for further study due to its high adsorption and desorption ratios. Pseudo-second-order kinetics (q =625µmol Trolox equiv/g dry resin, k =0.0001463) and Freundlich isotherm models (ΔH=-10.1547kJ/mol) were suitable for describing the whole exothermic and physical adsorption processes of the antioxidants from black garlic juice on XAD-16 resin. The antioxidants and phenolics were mostly enriched in 40% ethanol fraction by XAD-16 resin column chromatography. The black garlic extract and its fractions could protect erythrocytes against AAPH-induced hemolysis in dose-dependent manners. The pretreatment of AAPH-damaged erythrocytes with 40% ethanol fractions (2.5mg/mL) significantly decreased the hemolysis ratios from 53.58% to 3.79%. The 40% ethanol fraction possessing strong intracellular antioxidant activity could be used as a functional food ingredient. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação Antioxidantes/farmacologia Alho/química Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adsorção Antioxidantes/análise Antioxidantes/química Cromatografia por Troca Iônica/instrumentação Cromatografia por Troca Iônica/métodos Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos Seres Humanos Resinas de Troca Iônica/química Extratos Vegetais/análise Extratos Vegetais/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Ion Exchange Resins); 0 (Plant Extracts) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170915 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170915 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170707 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28648292 [Au] Autor: Gálvez L; Urbaniak M; Waskiewicz A; Stepien L; Palmero D [Ad] Endereço: Department of Agricultural Production, Plant Protection Laboratory, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering (ETSIAAB), Technical University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 4, 28040, Madrid, Spain. [Ti] Título: Fusarium proliferatum - Causal agent of garlic bulb rot in Spain: Genetic variability and mycotoxin production. [So] Source: Food Microbiol;67:41-48, 2017 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1095-9998 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Fusarium proliferatum is a world-wide occurring fungal pathogen affecting several crops included garlic bulbs. In Spain, this is the most frequent pathogenic fungus associated with garlic rot during storage. Moreover, F. proliferatum is an important mycotoxigenic species, producing a broad range of toxins, which may pose a risk for food safety. The aim of this study is to assess the intraspecific variability of the garlic pathogen in Spain implied by analyses of translation elongation factor (tef-1α) and FUM1 gene sequences as well as the differences in growth rates. Phylogenetic characterization has been complemented with the characterization of mating type alleles as well as the species potential as a toxin producer. Phylogenetic trees based on the sequence of the translation elongation factor and FUM1 genes from seventy nine isolates from garlic revealed a considerable intraspecific variability as well as high level of diversity in growth speed. Based on the MAT alleles amplified by PCR, F. proliferatum isolates were separated into different groups on both trees. All isolates collected from garlic in Spain proved to be fumonisin B , B , and B producers. Quantitative analyses of fumonisins, beauvericin and moniliformin (common secondary metabolites of F. proliferatum) showed no correlation with phylogenetic analysis neither mycelial growth. This pathogen presents a high intraspecific variability within the same geographical region and host, which is necessary to be considered in the management of the disease. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Fusarium/genética Fusarium/isolamento & purificação Alho/microbiologia Micotoxinas/metabolismo Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Proteínas Fúngicas/genética Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo Fusarium/metabolismo Variação Genética Filogenia Espanha [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Fungal Proteins); 0 (Mycotoxins) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170822 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170822 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170627 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28632417 [Au] Autor: Pedersen RO; Peters T; Panda R; Wehling P; Garber EAE [Ad] Endereço: 1 Office of Scientific and Professional Development, Office of the Chief Scientist, Office of the Commissioner, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993. [Ti] Título: Detection and Antigenic Profiling of Undeclared Peanut in Imported Garlic Using an xMAP Multiplex Immunoassay for Food Allergens. [So] Source: J Food Prot;80(7):1204-1213, 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1944-9097 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: A shipment of imported garlic powder was suspected of containing peanut. Samples (subs) collected from the shipment displayed considerable variability in peanut antigenicity when analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This raised questions regarding whether peanut was actually present, the amount present, and the basis for the variability in antigenic content. Analyses that used an xMAP multiplex assay for the detection of peanut and additional food allergens generated responses that were characteristic of peanut. Specifically, the relative intensities of two different peanut-specific antibodies coupled to beads (peanut-37 and -38) and the antigen profiles were identical to garlic controls spiked with peanut. In addition, the xMAP data did not indicate the presence of other allergens. Quantitative analyses indicated an approximately fivefold variation in peanut concentration among different subs. In contrast, within a sub, the apparent peanut concentration appeared constant. Particle size analyses of the garlic powder subs indicated a single distribution profile, with a peak at 380 µm. ELISA analysis of sieve-fractionated garlic powder from one of the subs indicated that slightly less than half of the detectable peanut was smaller than 212 µm, with the remainder almost evenly split between 212 and 300 µm and >300 µm. Modeling to predict possible oral exposure levels of peanut other than those directly measured requires additional research on the physicochemical properties of peanut and garlic, along with information on the production of the garlic powder. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Alérgenos/química Arachis/química Análise de Alimentos/métodos Hipersensibilidade Alimentar Alho/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática Imunoensaio [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Allergens) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171016 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171016 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170621 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-485

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[PMID]: 28613376 [Au] Autor: Hoogerheide ESS; Azevedo Filho JA; Vencovsky R; Zucchi MI; Zago BW; Pinheiro JB [Ad] Endereço: Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agronomia "Luiz de Queiroz", , , Brasil. [Ti] Título: Genetic variability of garlic accessions as revealed by agro-morphological traits evaluated under different environments. [So] Source: Genet Mol Res;16(2), 2017 May 31. [Is] ISSN: 1676-5680 [Cp] País de publicação: Brazil [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The cultivated garlic (Allium sativum L.) displays a wide phenotypic diversity, which is derived from natural mutations and phenotypic plasticity, due to dependence on soil type, moisture, latitude, altitude and cultural practices, leading to a large number of cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability shown by 63 garlic accessions belonging to Instituto Agronômico de Campinas and the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" germplasm collections. We evaluated ten quantitative characters in experimental trials conducted under two localities of the State of São Paulo: Monte Alegre do Sul and Piracicaba, during the agricultural year of 2007, in a randomized blocks design with five replications. The Mahalanobis distance was used to measure genetic dissimilarities. The UPGMA method and Tocher's method were used as clustering procedures. Results indicated significant variation among accessions (P < 0.01) for all evaluated characters, except for the percentage of secondary bulb growth in MAS, indicating the existence of genetic variation for bulb production, and germplasm evaluation considering different environments is more reliable for the characterization of the genotypic variability among garlic accessions, since it diminishes the environmental effects in the clustering of genotypes. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Alho/genética Interação Gene-Ambiente Característica Quantitativa Herdável [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Ecossistema Variação Genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171006 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171006 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170615 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029612

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