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[PMID]: 28454589 [Au] Autor: Beyene T; Hayishe H; Gizaw F; Beyi AF; Abunna F; Mammo B; Ayana D; Waktole H; Abdi RD [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. takele.beyene@aau.edu.et. [Ti] Título: Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus in dairy farms, abattoir and humans in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [So] Source: BMC Res Notes;10(1):171, 2017 Apr 28. [Is] ISSN: 1756-0500 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus species cause mastitis and wound infection in livestock and food poisoning in humans through ingestion of contaminated foods, including meat and dairy products. They are evolving pathogens in that they readily acquire drug resistance, and multiple drug-resistant (MDR) isolates are increasing in human and veterinary healthcare. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Staphylococci and their drug resistance in dairy farms and abattoir settings of Addis Ababa. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 193 samples of milk, meat, equipment and humans working in the dairy farms and abattoir were collected (dairy farms = 72 and abattoir sources = 121). Staphylococcus isolation and identification at the species level was done according to ISO-6888-3 using biochemical characteristics. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted for 43 of the isolates using 15 antimicrobial agents commonly used for humans and livestock by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. RESULTS: Staphylococcus organism were isolated from 92 (47.7%) of the total 193 samples, 50% in the dairy farms and 46.3% in the abattoir. The isolated species were S. aureus (n = 31; 16.1%), S. intermedius (n = 21; 10.9%), S. hyicus (n = 16; 8.3%), and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (n = 24; 12.4%). Gentamycin was effective drug as all isolates (n = 43; 100%) were susceptible to it and followed by kanamycin (n = 39; 90.7%). However, the majority of the isolates showed resistance to penicillin-G (95.3%), nalidixic acid (88.4%), cloxacillin (79.1%), vancomycin (65.1%) and cefoxitin (55.8%). Of the 15 S. aureus tested for drug susceptibility, 73.3% of them were phenotypically resistant to vancomycin (VRSA) and all of the 15 isolates showed multi-drug resistance (MDR) to >3 drugs. Also, all of the tested CNS (100%), S. hyicus (100%) and the majority of S. intermedius isolates (88.9%) developed MDR. CONCLUSION: Alarmingly, the Staphylococcus isolates circulating in the dairy farms and abattoir in the study area harbor MDR. High level of Staphylococcus species isolation from personnel and equipment besides food (meat and milk) samples in dairy farms and abattoir settings reveals that the hygiene practice in the dairy farm and abattoir is substandard. Prudent drug use and improved hygienic practice is recommended in the dairy farms and abattoir to safeguard the public from the risk of acquiring infections and MDR pathogenic Staphylococcus. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética Mastite Bovina/epidemiologia Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética Saúde do Trabalhador/educação Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia Staphylococcus/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Matadouros Criação de Animais Domésticos Animais Antibacterianos/farmacologia Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana Bovinos Estudos Transversais Etiópia/epidemiologia Fazendas Feminino Gentamicinas/farmacologia Seres Humanos Canamicina/farmacologia Mastite Bovina/microbiologia Mastite Bovina/transmissão Carne/microbiologia Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Leite/microbiologia Prevalência Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Infecções Estafilocócicas/transmissão Staphylococcus/classificação Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Gentamicins); 59-01-8 (Kanamycin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180223 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180223 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170430 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2487-y

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[PMID]: 28461023 [Au] Autor: Ashizawa K; Murata S; Terada T; Ito D; Bunya M; Watanabe K; Teruuchi Y; Tsuchida S; Satoh M; Nishimura M; Matsushita K; Sugama Y; Nomura F [Ad] Endereço: R&D Department, Nittobo Medical Co., Ltd., 1 Shiojima, Fukuhara, Fukuyama, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8061, Japan. [Ti] Título: Applications of copolymer for rapid identification of bacteria in blood culture broths using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. [So] Source: J Microbiol Methods;139:54-60, 2017 08. [Is] ISSN: 1872-8359 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can be used to identify pathogens in blood culture samples. However, sample pretreatment is needed for direct identification of microbes in blood culture bottles. Conventional protocols are complex and time-consuming. Therefore, in this study, we developed a method for collecting bacteria using polyallylamine-polystyrene copolymer for application in wastewater treatment technology. Using representative bacterial species Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus capitis, we found that polyallylamine-polystyrene can form visible aggregates with bacteria, which can be identified using MALDI-TOF MS. The processing time of our protocol was as short as 15min. Hemoglobin interference in MALDI spectra analysis was significantly decreased in our method compared with the conventional method. In a preliminary experiment, we evaluated the use of our protocol to identify clinical isolates from blood culture bottles. MALDI-TOF MS-based identification of 17 strains from five bacterial species (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, S. aureus, and S. capitis) collected by our protocol was satisfactory. Prospective large-scale studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical application of this novel and simple method of collecting bacteria in blood culture bottles. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Bactérias/classificação Bactérias/isolamento & purificação Hemocultura Polímeros/química Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia Hemoglobinas/química Seres Humanos Poliaminas/química Poliestirenos/química Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Staphylococcus/classificação Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação Fatores de Tempo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Hemoglobins); 0 (Polyamines); 0 (Polymers); 0 (Polystyrenes); 30551-89-4 (polyallylamine) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180126 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180126 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170503 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28464821 [Au] Autor: Leijtens B; Elbers JBW; Sturm PD; Kullberg BJ; Schreurs BW [Ad] Endereço: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. borg.leijtens@radboudumc.nl. [Ti] Título: Clindamycin-rifampin combination therapy for staphylococcal periprosthetic joint infections: a retrospective observational study. [So] Source: BMC Infect Dis;17(1):321, 2017 05 02. [Is] ISSN: 1471-2334 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Staphylococcal species account for more than 50% of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) and antimicrobial therapy with rifampin-based combination regimens has been shown effective. The present study evaluates the safety and efficacy of clindamycin in combination with rifampin for the management of staphylococcal PJI. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, patients were included who received clindamycin-rifampin combination therapy to treat a periprosthetic hip or knee infection by Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase-negative staphylococci. Patients were treated according to a standardized treatment algorithm and followed for a median of 54 months. Of the 36 patients with periprosthetic staphylococcal infections, 31 had an infection of the hip, and five had an infection of the knee. Eighteen patients underwent debridement and retention of the implant (DAIR) for an early infection, the other 18 patients underwent revision of loose components in presumed aseptic loosening with unexpected positive cultures. RESULTS: In this study, we report a success rate of 86%, with five recurrent/persistent PJI in 36 treated patients. Cure rate was 78% (14/18) in the DAIR patients and 94% (17/18) in the revision group. Five patients (14%) discontinued clindamycin-rifampin due to side effects. Of the 31 patients completing the clindamycin-rifampin regimen 29 patients (94%) were cured. CONCLUSION: Combined therapy with clindamycin and rifampin is a safe, well tolerated and effective regimen for the treatment of staphylococcal periprosthetic infection. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico Clindamicina/uso terapêutico Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/tratamento farmacológico Rifampina/uso terapêutico Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos Terapia Combinada Desbridamento Quimioterapia Combinada Feminino Prótese de Quadril Seres Humanos Prótese do Joelho Masculino Meia-Idade Estudos Retrospectivos Staphylococcus/patogenicidade Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade Resultado do Tratamento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 3U02EL437C (Clindamycin); VJT6J7R4TR (Rifampin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180120 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180120 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170504 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2429-2

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[PMID]: 29280857 [Au] Autor: Galdiero M; Larocca F; Iovene MR; Francesca M; Pieretti G; D'Oriano V; Franci G; Ferraro G; d'Andrea F; Nicoletti GF [Ad] Endereço: Naples, Italy From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Virology and Microbiology, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli; the Unit of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Università Federico II; and the Department of Public Health. [Ti] Título: Microbial Evaluation in Capsular Contracture of Breast Implants. [So] Source: Plast Reconstr Surg;141(1):23-30, 2018 01. [Is] ISSN: 1529-4242 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Capsular contracture around breast implants is a severe and unpredictable complication experienced by up to 50 percent of patients after breast augmentation and reconstruction, and represents a major cause leading to reoperation. Several lines of evidence point to the involvement of subclinical infections and of bacterial biofilm formation. METHODS: To reduce the incidence of capsular contracture following mammaplasty, the authors studied the correlation between contamination by exogenous and endogenous bacterial flora and the capacity to develop bacterial biofilm in mammary implants. The authors performed a microbiological study assessing microbial growth of swabs from breast skin, nipple-areola complex, and mammary gland biopsy specimens. Furthermore, the authors compared the results with the data resulting from cultural experiments from biopsy specimens of periprosthetic capsule, contracted or not, and from the surfaces of the relative prosthesis. RESULTS: Between July of 2012 and July of 2013, a series of 65 female patients from the area of Naples, Italy, and its province, who underwent breast plastic surgery with the use of implants for aesthetic or reconstructive reasons, were included in the study. The authors noticed that there is a greater tendency for capsular contracture to form in oncologic patients who received radiotherapy, patients with precedent capsular contracture, and patients with cutaneous contamination by biofilm-producing microbes. CONCLUSIONS: Although all of the new technical procedures tend to reduce the amount of bacterial charge that comes into contact with the prosthesis at the time of its introduction, a minimal amount must always be taken for granted. This is the rationale for a preventative personalized antibiotic therapy. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Biofilmes Implante Mamário/instrumentação Implantes de Mama/microbiologia Mama/microbiologia Contratura Capsular em Implantes/microbiologia Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia Pele/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Biópsia Mama/patologia Mama/cirurgia Implantes de Mama/efeitos adversos Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação Candida albicans/fisiologia Candidíase/diagnóstico Candidíase/microbiologia Estudos de Casos e Controles Feminino Seguimentos Seres Humanos Infecções por Klebsiella/diagnóstico Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação Klebsiella pneumoniae/fisiologia Meia-Idade Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico Fatores de Risco Pele/patologia Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação Staphylococcus/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180112 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180112 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171228 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003915

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[PMID]: 29232578 [Au] Autor: Lopes SMM; Novais JS; Costa DCS; Castro HC; Figueiredo AMS; Ferreira VF; Pinho E Melo TMVD; da Silva FC [Ad] Endereço: CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal. [Ti] Título: Hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of novel 3-triazolyl-nitrosoalkenes as an approach to functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles with antibacterial profile. [So] Source: Eur J Med Chem;143:1010-1020, 2018 Jan 01. [Is] ISSN: 1768-3254 [Cp] País de publicação: France [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The generation and reactivity of 3-triazolyl-nitrosoalkenes are reported for the first time. The study showed that hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of these heterodienes is an interesting synthetic strategy to functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles, including 1,2,3-triazolyl-pyrroles, 1,2,3-triazolyl-dipyrromethanes and 1,2,3-triazolyl-indoles. The evaluation of the antibacterial profile against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains revealed the new 5,5'-diethyldipyrromethane bearing a side chain incorporating a triazole and oxime moieties. The antibacterial profile detected was within the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) range and against important Staphylococcus species including Methicillin-resistant strain (S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 and S. simulans ATCC 27851 and MRSA). Interestingly, this new 1,2,3-triazole presented hemocompatibility and low in silico toxicity profile similar to antibiotics current in use. It also has an usual antibiofilm activity against MRSA, which reinforced its potential as a new antibacterial prototype. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos Triazóis/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Alcenos/química Antibacterianos/síntese química Antibacterianos/química Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos Reação de Cicloadição Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Estrutura Molecular Compostos Nitrosos/química Staphylococcus/crescimento & desenvolvimento Relação Estrutura-Atividade Triazóis/síntese química Triazóis/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Alkenes); 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Nitroso Compounds); 0 (Triazoles) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180101 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180101 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171213 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29216202 [Au] Autor: Hang J; Zavaljevski N; Yang Y; Desai V; Ruck RC; Macareo LR; Jarman RG; Reifman J; Kuschner RA; Keiser PB [Ad] Endereço: Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America. [Ti] Título: Composition and variation of respiratory microbiota in healthy military personnel. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(12):e0188461, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Certain occupational and geographical exposures have been associated with an increased risk of lung disease. As a baseline for future studies, we sought to characterize the upper respiratory microbiomes of healthy military personnel in a garrison environment. Nasal, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 50 healthy active duty volunteers eight times over the course of one year (1107 swabs, completion rate = 92.25%) and subjected to pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of 16S rDNA. Respiratory bacterial taxa were characterized at the genus level, using QIIME 1.8 and the Ribosomal Database Project classifier. High levels of Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Propionibacterium were observed among both nasal and nasopharyngeal microbiota, comprising more than 75% of all operational taxonomical units (OTUs). In contrast, Streptococcus was the sole dominant bacterial genus (approximately 50% of all OTUs) in the oropharynx. The average bacterial diversity was greater in the oropharynx than in the nasal or nasopharyngeal region at all time points. Diversity analysis indicated a significant overlap between nasal and nasopharyngeal samples, whereas oropharyngeal samples formed a cluster distinct from these two regions. The study produced a large set of pyrosequencing data on the V1-V3 region of bacterial 16S rDNA for the respiratory microbiomes of healthy active duty Service Members. Pre-processing of sequencing reads showed good data quality. The derived microbiome profiles were consistent both internally and with previous reports, suggesting their utility for further analyses and association studies based on sequence and demographic data. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Microbiota Militares Sistema Respiratório/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Corynebacterium/genética Corynebacterium/isolamento & purificação DNA Ribossômico/genética Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Cavidade Nasal/microbiologia Nasofaringe/microbiologia Propionibacterium/genética Propionibacterium/isolamento & purificação RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética Staphylococcus/genética Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171229 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171229 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171208 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188461

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[PMID]: 28747433 [Au] Autor: Blaszczyk AJ; Wang B; Silakov A; Ho JV; Booker SJ [Ad] Endereço: From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. [Ti] Título: Efficient methylation of C2 in l-tryptophan by the cobalamin-dependent radical -adenosylmethionine methylase TsrM requires an unmodified N1 amine. [So] Source: J Biol Chem;292(37):15456-15467, 2017 09 15. [Is] ISSN: 1083-351X [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: TsrM catalyzes the methylation of C2 in l-tryptophan (Trp). This reaction is the first step in the biosynthesis of the quinaldic acid moiety of the thiopeptide antibiotic thiostrepton, which exhibits potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens. TsrM is a member of the radical -adenosylmethionine (SAM) superfamily of enzymes, but it does not catalyze the formation of 5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl or any other SAM-derived radical. In addition to a [4Fe-4S] cluster, TsrM contains a cobalamin cofactor that serves as an intermediate methyl carrier in its reaction. However, how this cofactor donates a methyl moiety to the Trp substrate is unknown. Here, we showed that the unmodified N1 position of Trp is important for turnover and that 1-thia-Trp and 1-oxa-Trp serve as competitive inhibitors. We also showed that ß-cyclopropyl-Trp undergoes C2 methylation in the absence of cyclopropyl ring opening, disfavoring mechanisms that involve unpaired electron density at C3 of the indole ring. Moreover, we showed that all other indole-substituted analogs of Trp undergo methylation at varying but measurable rates and that the analog 7-aza-Trp, which is expected to temper the nucleophilicity of C2 in Trp, is a very poor substrate. Last, no formation of cob(II)alamin or substrate radicals was observed during the reaction with Trp or any molecule within a tested panel of Trp analogs. In summary, our results are most consistent with a mechanism that involves two polar nucleophilic displacements, the second of which requires deprotonation of the indole nitrogen in Trp during its attack on methylcobalamin. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo Metiltransferases/metabolismo S-Adenosilmetionina/metabolismo Staphylococcus/enzimologia Triptofano/metabolismo Vitamina B 12/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Proteínas de Bactérias/antagonistas & inibidores Proteínas de Bactérias/química Proteínas de Bactérias/genética Biocatálise Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química Inibidores Enzimáticos/química Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia Estabilidade Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos Cinética Metilação/efeitos dos fármacos Metiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores Metiltransferases/química Metiltransferases/genética Estrutura Molecular Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/química Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo Proteínas Recombinantes/química Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo S-Adenosilmetionina/química Espectrofotometria Especificidade por Substrato Tioestreptona/biossíntese Triptofano/análogos & derivados Triptofano/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Bacterial Proteins); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins); 0 (Recombinant Proteins); 7LP2MPO46S (S-Adenosylmethionine); 8DUH1N11BX (Tryptophan); EC 2.1.1.- (Methyltransferases); EC 2.1.1.230 (rRNA (adenosine-O-2'-)methyltransferase); HR4S203Y18 (Thiostrepton); P6YC3EG204 (Vitamin B 12) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171230 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171230 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170728 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M117.778548

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[PMID]: 28470871 [Au] Autor: Misan A; Chan WY; Trott D; Hill PB [Ad] Endereço: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia. [Ti] Título: Survival of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in modified Romanowsky staining solutions. [So] Source: Vet Dermatol;28(4):333-e71, 2017 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1365-3164 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Stains that are used regularly for patient-side diagnosis to rapidly identify bacterial and fungal infections could become contaminated by common pathogens, such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, during slide immersion. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the inoculation of S. pseudintermedius into modified Romanowsky type stains (Quick Dip ) results in viable bacterial contamination and whether this is influenced by the addition of organic debris (canine hair and skin). METHODS: A clinical isolate of S. pseudintermedius was inoculated into clean and organically contaminated Quick Dip solutions (methanol fixative, eosin, methylene blue), and positive (broth) and negative (bleach) controls. Each solution was tested for the presence of viable bacteria by counting the number of colony forming units (CFU/mL) at various time points. Solutions also were examined under high power microscopy to count the number of visible bacteria at each time point. RESULTS: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was able to survive in the clean and contaminated Quick Dip stains for at least one hour, but by 24 h no viable bacteria remained. Survival of the bacteria was not supported in the fixative at any time point. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius remained visible under high power microscopy for up to 2 weeks in all organically contaminated solutions of the Quick Dip set. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius only remains viable in eosin and methylene blue for short periods of time, but the prolonged visibility of dead organisms could theoretically lead to the misdiagnosis of cytology samples. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Corantes Azur/metabolismo Amarelo de Eosina-(YS)/metabolismo Contaminação de Equipamentos Staphylococcus/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Carga Bacteriana Cães Cabelo/microbiologia Microscopia/veterinária Pele/microbiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Azure Stains); 0 (Romanowsky-Giemsa stain); TDQ283MPCW (Eosine Yellowish-(YS)) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171221 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171221 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170505 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1111/vde.12435

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[PMID]: 29191329 [Au] Autor: Olmos C; Vilacosta I; Fernández-Pérez C; Bernal JL; Ferrera C; García-Arribas D; Pérez-García CN; San Román JA; Maroto L; Macaya C; Elola FJ [Ad] Endereço: Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: carmen.olmosblanco@gmail.com. [Ti] Título: The Evolving Nature of Infective Endocarditis in Spain: A Population-Based Study (2003 to 2014). [So] Source: J Am Coll Cardiol;70(22):2795-2804, 2017 Dec 05. [Is] ISSN: 1558-3597 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Little information exists regarding population-based epidemiological changes in infective endocarditis (IE) in Europe. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to analyze temporal trends in IE in Spain from 2003 to 2014. METHODS: This retrospective, population-based, temporal trend study analyzed the incidence, epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and outcome of all patients discharged from hospitals included in the Spanish National Health System with a diagnosis of IE, from January 2003 to December 2014. RESULTS: Overall, 16,867 episodes of IE were identified during the study period, 66.3% in men. The rate of IE significantly increased, from 2.72 in 2003 to 3.49 per 100,000 person-years in 2014, and this rise was higher among older adults. The most frequent microorganisms were staphylococci (28.7%), followed by streptococci (20.4%) and enterococci (13.1%). Twenty-three percent of patients underwent cardiac surgery. The in-hospital mortality rate was 20.4%. Throughout the study period, the proportion of patients with previously known heart valve disease and diabetes mellitus significantly increased, whereas the prevalence of intravenous drug use decreased. Regarding microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci slightly declined, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci consistently increased over the years. In-hospital complications and cardiac surgery rates significantly increased across the years. The risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rate diminished (0.2% per year) during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of IE episodes significantly increased over the decade of the study period, particularly among older adults. Relevant changes in clinical and microbiological profile included older patients with more comorbidity and a rise in enterococci and coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections. Adjusted mortality rates slightly declined over the study period. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos Endocardite Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/estatística & dados numéricos Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/tendências Endocardite/diagnóstico Endocardite/microbiologia Endocardite/mortalidade Endocardite/cirurgia Feminino Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/epidemiologia Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/etiologia Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências Seres Humanos Incidência Masculino Meia-Idade Estudos Retrospectivos Espanha/epidemiologia Análise Espaço-Temporal Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171205 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171205 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171202 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28982166 [Au] Autor: Chang JY; Kim SE; Kim TH; Woo SY; Ryu MS; Joo YH; Lee KE; Lee J; Lee KH; Moon CM; Jung HK; Shim KN; Jung SA [Ad] Endereço: Departments of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. [Ti] Título: Emergence of rifampin-resistant staphylococci after rifaximin administration in cirrhotic patients. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(10):e0186120, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVES: Rifaximin, a poorly absorbed antibiotics, has gut-specific therapeutic effects. Although frequently prescribed to manipulate intestinal luminal bacterial population in various diseases, the possible induction of antibacterial cross-resistance to a target pathogen is a major concern in long-term rifaximin administration. We aimed to evaluate whether rifampin-resistant staphylococci could evolve after rifaximin treatment in cirrhotic patients. METHOD: A total of 25 cirrhotic patients who were administered rifaximin for the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy were enrolled. Swabs from both hands and the perianal skin were acquired on day 0 (before rifaximin treatment), period 1 (1-7 weeks after treatment), and period 2 (8-16 weeks after treatment) the staphylococcal strain identification and rifampin-resistance testing. RESULTS: A total of 198 staphylococcal isolates from 15 species were identified. Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated most frequently, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus was the most common resistant species both from hands and perianal skin. Eleven patients (44.0%) developed rifampin-resistant staphylococcal isolates in period 1. Among these patients, only six (54.5%) were found to have rifampin-resistant isolates in period 2, with no significant infectious events. Rifampin-resistant staphylococcal isolates were more frequently found in perianal skin than from the hands. No patients acquired a newly resistant strain in period 2. CONCLUSIONS: About one-half of cirrhotic patients in this study developed rifampin-resistant staphylococcal isolates after rifaximin treatment. Although the resistant strains were no longer detected in about half of the patients in the short-term, the long-term influence of this drug treatment should be determined. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico Rifampina/farmacologia Rifamicinas/administração & dosagem Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Meia-Idade [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Rifamycins); L36O5T016N (rifaximin); VJT6J7R4TR (Rifampin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171103 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171103 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171006 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186120

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