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[PMID]: 29256428 [Au] Autor: Morell M; Lehnert K; IJsseldijk LL; Raverty SA; Wohlsein P; Gröne A; André M; Siebert U; Shadwick RE [Ad] Endereço: Zoology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada. [Ti] Título: Parasites in the inner ear of harbour porpoise: cases from the North and Baltic Seas. [So] Source: Dis Aquat Organ;127(1):57-63, 2017 Dec 19. [Is] ISSN: 0177-5103 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Peribullar sinuses of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena are parasitized with high prevalence by the nematode Stenurus minor. The effect of S. minor on the hearing ability of this species is still undetermined. Here, we review the occurrence of S. minor in the inner ear of harbour porpoises recovered from strandings in the North and Baltic Seas. In particular, we present the results from ears collected in German and Danish waters from 2002 to 2016 and from Dutch waters from 2010 to 2016. While the prevalence of S. minor in pterygoid and peribullar sinuses and tympanic cavity was high in harbour porpoises (66.67% in our cases), its prevalence in the cochlea was rare. Only 1 case out of 129 analysed by either histology, electron microscopy or immunofluorescence showed the presence of a nematode parasite morphologically consistent with S. minor at the most basal portion of the right cochlea. This individual also had severe haemorrhage along the right cochlear spiral, which was likely caused by ectopic S. minor migration. Although this animal might have had impaired hearing in the right ear, it was otherwise in good body condition with evidence of recent feeding. These findings highlight the need to study the effect of parasites on hearing, and other pathological changes that might impair appropriate processing of acoustic information. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Doenças do Labirinto/veterinária Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária Phocoena/parasitologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Orelha Interna/parasitologia Orelha Interna/ultraestrutura Doenças do Labirinto/epidemiologia Doenças do Labirinto/parasitologia Nematoides/classificação Nematoides/isolamento & purificação Infecções por Nematoides/epidemiologia Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia Mar do Norte/epidemiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171220 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3354/dao03178

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[PMID]: 29278825 [Au] Autor: Di Azevedo MIN; Iñiguez AM [Ad] Endereço: LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil. [Ti] Título: Nematode parasites of commercially important fish from the southeast coast of Brazil: Morphological and genetic insight. [So] Source: Int J Food Microbiol;267:29-41, 2018 02 21. [Is] ISSN: 1879-3460 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Studies of nematofauna of teleost fish from the Brazilian coast are relatively scarce and limited to identification based on morphology. The objective of the present study was to determine the diversity and prevalence of nematode parasites in teleost fish from the southeast Atlantic coast of Rio de Janeiro, through morphological, molecular, and ecological approaches. Parasites were collected from sixty specimens each of Genypterus brasiliensis, Micropogonias furnieri, and Mullus argentinae obtained in winters and summers of 2012­2014. Morphological and genetic characterization was conducted using light microscopy and the molecular targets 18S rDNA, ITS1, and mtDNA cox2. Nematodes identified in M. furnieri were Cucculanus genypteri (n = 1575, P = 98.3%) and Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum (s.l.) (n = 2, P = 3.3%); in G. brasiliensis were Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sciaenidicola (n = 99, P = 33.3%), Cucculanus pulcherrimus (n = 45, P = 18.3%), Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum (s.l.) (n = 3, P = 5%), and Anisakis typica (n = 1, P = 1.7%); and, in M. argentinae, were H. deardorffoverstreetorum (s.l.) (n = 146, P = 48.3%), and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) halitrophus (n = 4, P = 6.7%). DNA sequence data of C. genypteri, C. pulcherrimus, D. (C.) sciaenidicola, and P. (S.) halitrophus were reported for the first time. New host records are M. argentinae for P. (S.) halitrophus, M. furnieri for A. typica, while H. deardorffoverstreetorum (s.l.) was found in all three fish species. Intestine showed significantly higher intensity than other sites, and no significant seasonal variation in parasitological indices was observed. Hysterothylacium specimens (n = 6) were found in fish muscle, potentially a public health concern. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia Nematoides/genética Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia Perciformes/parasitologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Brasil DNA Mitocondrial/genética DNA Ribossômico/genética Nematoides/classificação Nematoides/isolamento & purificação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (DNA, Mitochondrial); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180301 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180301 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171227 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29211422 [Au] Autor: Shulman BS; Shurov IL; Shirokov VA [Ti] Título: [SOME FEATURES OF THE BIOLOGY AND PARASITE FAUNA OF THE ARCTIC CHAR (SALVELINUS ALPINUS L.) IN THE LAKE MUSHTALAMPI (NORTHERN KARELIA)]. [So] Source: Parazitologiia;50(4):325-30, 2016 Jul-Aug. [Is] ISSN: 0031-1847 [Cp] País de publicação: Russia (Federation) [La] Idioma: rus [Ab] Resumo: The native population of the Arctic char in the Lake Mushtalampi was studied. The dwarf form of the Arctic char inhabiting the lake was revealed. The fish is characterized by extremely low growth rate and by early maturation. Twelve parasite species were found in the arctic char. The parasite fauna is typical of representatives of Salmonidae. Distinguishing features of this fauna include the absence of narrowly specialized char parasite species. High intensity of infection with nematodes Philonema oncorhynchi allows estimating the epizootic state of the studied char population as insufficient. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia Lagos/parasitologia Nematoides/fisiologia Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia Truta/parasitologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Nematoides/classificação Federação Russa [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171221 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171221 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171207 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28968468 [Au] Autor: Valanparambil RM; Tam M; Gros PP; Auger JP; Segura M; Gros P; Jardim A; Geary TG; Ozato K; Stevenson MM [Ad] Endereço: Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [Ti] Título: IRF-8 regulates expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and modulates Th2 immune responses to gastrointestinal nematode infection. [So] Source: PLoS Pathog;13(10):e1006647, 2017 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1553-7374 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF-8) is critical for Th1 cell differentiation and negatively regulates myeloid cell development including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). MDSC expand during infection with various pathogens including the gastrointestinal (GI) nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb). We investigated if IRF-8 contributes to Th2 immunity to Hpb infection. Irf8 expression was down-regulated in MDSC from Hpb-infected C57BL/6 (B6) mice. IRF-8 deficient Irf8-/- and BXH-2 mice had significantly higher adult worm burdens than B6 mice after primary or challenge Hpb infection. During primary infection, MDSC expanded to a significantly greater extent in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleens of Irf8-/- and BXH-2 than B6 mice. CD4+GATA3+ T cells numbers were comparable in MLN of infected B6 and IRF-8 deficient mice, but MLN cells from infected IRF-8 deficient mice secreted significantly less parasite-specific IL-4 ex vivo. The numbers of alternatively activated macrophages in MLN and serum levels of Hpb-specific IgG1 and IgE were also significantly less in infected Irf8-/- than B6 mice. The frequencies of antigen-experienced CD4+CD11ahiCD49dhi cells that were CD44hiCD62L- were similar in MLN of infected Irf8-/- and B6 mice, but the proportions of CD4+GATA3+ and CD4+IL-4+ T cells were lower in infected Irf8-/- mice. CD11b+Gr1+ cells from naïve or infected Irf8-/- mice suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation and parasite-specific IL-4 secretion in vitro albeit less efficiently than B6 mice. Surprisingly, there were significantly more CD4+ T cells in infected Irf8-/- mice, with a higher frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T (Tregs) cells and significantly higher numbers of Tregs than B6 mice. In vivo depletion of MDSC and/or Tregs in Irf8-/- mice did not affect adult worm burdens, but Treg depletion resulted in higher egg production and enhanced parasite-specific IL-5, IL-13, and IL-6 secretion ex vivo. Our data thus provide a previously unrecognized role for IRF-8 in Th2 immunity to a GI nematode. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Gastroenteropatias/imunologia Fatores Reguladores de Interferon/imunologia Células Supressoras Mieloides/imunologia Infecções por Nematoides/imunologia Nematospiroides dubius/imunologia Células Th2/imunologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Células Cultivadas Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/imunologia Fatores Reguladores de Interferon/efeitos dos fármacos Fatores Reguladores de Interferon/genética Interleucina-4/metabolismo Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Camundongos Knockout Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Forkhead Transcription Factors); 0 (Foxp3 protein, mouse); 0 (Interferon Regulatory Factors); 0 (interferon regulatory factor-8); 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171031 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171031 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171003 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006647

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[PMID]: 28934299 [Au] Autor: Huggins LG; Michaels CJ; Cruickshank SM; Preziosi RF; Else KJ [Ad] Endereço: Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, MAHSC, Manchester, United Kingdom. [Ti] Título: A novel copro-diagnostic molecular method for qualitative detection and identification of parasitic nematodes in amphibians and reptiles. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(9):e0185151, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Anthropogenic disturbance via resource acquisition, habitat fragmentation and climate change, amongst other factors, has led to catastrophic global biodiversity losses and species extinctions at an accelerating rate. Amphibians are currently one of the worst affected classes with at least a third of species categorised as being threatened with extinction. At the same time, they are also critically important for many habitats and provide man with a powerful proxy for ecosystem health by acting as a bioindicator group. Whilst the causes of synchronised amphibian losses are varied recent research has begun to highlight a growing role that macroparasites are playing in amphibian declines. However, diagnosing parasite infection in the field can be problematic, principally relying on collection and euthanasia of hosts, followed by necropsy and morphological identification of parasites in situ. The current study developed a non-invasive PCR-based methodology for sensitive detection and identification of parasitic nematode DNA released in the faeces of infected amphibians as egg or tissue fragments (environmental DNA). A DNA extraction protocol optimised for liberation of DNA from resilient parasite eggs was developed alongside the design of a novel, nematode universal, degenerate primer pair, thus avoiding the difficulties of using species specific primers in situations where common parasite species are unknown. Used in conjunction this protocol and primer pair was tested on a wide range of faecal samples from captive and wild amphibians. The primers and protocol were validated and detected infections, including a Railletnema nematode infection in poison dart frogs from ZSL London Zoo and Mantella cowani frogs in the wild. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficacy of our PCR-based protocol for detecting nematode infection in other hosts, such as the presence of pinworm (Aspiculuris) in two tortoise species and whipworm (Trichuris muris) in mice. Our environmental DNA approach mitigates problems associated with microscopic identification and can be applied to detect nematode parasitoses in wild and captive hosts for infection surveillance and maintenance of healthy populations. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anfíbios/parasitologia Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos Nematoides/genética Nematoides/fisiologia Infecções por Nematoides/diagnóstico Répteis/parasitologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais DNA/análise DNA/genética Primers do DNA/genética Fezes/parasitologia Camundongos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (DNA Primers); 9007-49-2 (DNA) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171024 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171024 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170922 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185151

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[PMID]: 28817599 [Au] Autor: Schneebauer G; Dirks RP; Pelster B [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. [Ti] Título: Anguillicola crassus infection affects mRNA expression levels in gas gland tissue of European yellow and silver eel. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(8):e0183128, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Using Illumina sequencing, we investigated transcriptional changes caused by the nematode Anguillicola crassus within yellow and silver eels by comparing swimbladder samples of uninfected yellow with infected yellow eels, and uninfected silver with infected silver eels, respectively. In yellow eel gas gland, the infection caused a modification of steady state mRNA levels of 1675 genes, most of them being upregulated. Functional annotation analysis based on GO terms was used to categorize identified genes with regard to swimbladder metabolism or response to the infection. In yellow eels, the most prominent category was 'immune response', including various inflammatory components, complement proteins, and immunoglobulins. The elevated expression of several glucose and monocarboxylate transporters indicated an attempt to maintain the level of glucose metabolism, even in due to the infection thickened swimbladder tissue. In silver eel swimbladder tissue, on the contrary, the mRNA levels of only 291 genes were affected. Genes in the categories 'glucose metabolism' and 'ROS metabolism' barely responded to the infection and even the reaction of the immune system was much less pronounced compared to infected yellow eels. However, in the category 'extracellular matrix', the mRNA levels of several mucin genes were strongly elevated, suggesting increased mucus production as a defense reaction against the parasite. The present study revealed a strong reaction to an Anguillicola crassus infection on mRNA expression levels in swimbladder tissue of yellow eels, whereas in silver eels the changes ware almost negligible. A possible explanation for this difference is that the silvering process requires so much energy that there is not much scope to cope with the additional challenge of a nematode infection. Another possible explanation could be that gas-secreting activity of the silver eel swimbladder was largely reduced, which could coincide with a reduced responsiveness to other challenges, like a nematode infection. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anguilla/genética Doenças dos Peixes/genética Infecções por Nematoides/genética RNA Mensageiro/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Anguilla/classificação Animais Especificidade da Espécie [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (RNA, Messenger) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171017 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171017 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170818 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183128

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[PMID]: 28806951 [Au] Autor: Kalmobé J; Ndjonka D; Boursou D; Vildina JD; Liebau E [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO, Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. [Ti] Título: Phytochemical analysis and in vitro anthelmintic activity of Lophira lanceolata (Ochnaceae) on the bovine parasite Onchocerca ochengi and on drug resistant strains of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. [So] Source: BMC Complement Altern Med;17(1):404, 2017 Aug 14. [Is] ISSN: 1472-6882 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Onchocerciasis is one of the tropical neglected diseases (NTDs) caused by the nematode Onchocerca volvulus. Control strategies currently in use rely on mass administration of ivermectin, which has marked activity against microfilariae. Furthermore, the development of resistance to ivermectin was observed. Since vaccine and safe macrofilaricidal treatment against onchocerciasis are still lacking, there is an urgent need to discover novel drugs. This study was undertaken to investigate the anthelmintic activity of Lophira lanceolata on the cattle parasite Onchocerca ochengi and the anthelmintic drug resistant strains of the free living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and to determine the phytochemical profiles of the extracts and fractions of the plants. METHODS: Plant was extracted in ethanol or methanol-methylene chloride. O. ochengi, C. elegans wild-type and C. elegans drug resistant strains were cultured in RPMI-1640 and NGM-agar respectively. Drugs diluted in dimethylsulphoxide/RPMI or M9-Buffer were added in assays and monitored at 48 h and 72 h. Worm viability was determined by using the MTT/formazan colorimetric method. Polyphenol, tannin and flavonoid contents were determined by dosage of gallic acid and rutin. Acute oral toxicity was evaluated using Swiss albino mice. RESULTS: Ethanolic and methanolic-methylene chloride extracts killed O. ochengi with LC values of 9.76, 8.05, 6.39 µg/mL and 9.45, 7.95, 6.39 µg/mL respectively for leaves, trunk bark and root bark after 72 h. The lowest concentrations required to kill 50% of the wild-type of C. elegans were 1200 and 1890 µg/mL with ethanolic crude extract, 1000 and 2030 µg/mL with MeOH-CH Cl for root bark and trunk bark of L. lanceolata, respectively after 72 h. Leave extracts of L. lanceolata are lethal to albendazole and ivermectin resistant strains of C. elegans after 72 h. Methanol/methylene chloride extracted more metabolites. Additionally, extracts could be considered relatively safe. CONCLUSION: Ethanolic and methanolic-methylene chloride crude extracts and fractions of L. lanceolata showed in vitro anthelmintic activity. The extracts and fractions contained polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. The mechanism of action of this plant could be different from that of albendazole and ivermectin. These results confirm the use of L. lanceolata by traditional healers for the treatment of worm infections. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia Caenorhabditis elegans Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia Ochnaceae/química Onchocerca Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Albendazol/farmacologia Animais Bovinos Resistência a Medicamentos Flavonoides/análise Flavonoides/farmacologia Ivermectina/farmacologia Camundongos Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária Oncocercose/parasitologia Oncocercose/veterinária Fitoterapia Casca de Planta Extratos Vegetais/química Raízes de Plantas Caules de Planta Polifenóis/análise Polifenóis/farmacologia Saponinas/análise Saponinas/farmacologia Taninos/análise Taninos/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anthelmintics); 0 (Flavonoids); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Polyphenols); 0 (Saponins); 0 (Tannins); 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin); F4216019LN (Albendazole) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170901 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170901 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170816 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1904-z

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[PMID]: 28800757 [Au] Autor: Ngouateu Teufack SE; NMbogning Tayo G; Ngangout Alidou M; Yondo J; Djiomene AF; Wabo Poné J; Mbida FM [Ad] Endereço: Research Unit of Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon. [Ti] Título: Anthelminthic properties of Methylene chloride-methanol (1:1) extracts of two Cameroonians medicinal plants on Heligmosomoides bakeri (Nematoda: Heligmosomatidea). [So] Source: BMC Complement Altern Med;17(1):400, 2017 Aug 11. [Is] ISSN: 1472-6882 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: The resistance of some medico-veterinary parasite strains as well as the unavailability and toxicity of synthetic anthelminthics on humans, animals and the impacts of their residues in the environment have pushed scientists to turn to plants with anthelminthic properties. Hence, the aim of this work was to contribute to the fight against helminths of medical and veterinary importance in general, and also to clear the environment of their free living stages. METHODS: Fresh eggs of Heligmosomoides bakeri were obtained from the faeces of experimentally infected mice. L and L larval stages were obtained after 48 and 72 h of coproculture respectively. Methylene Chloride-Methanol (1:1) extracts of Annona senegalensis and Nauclea latifolia were diluted in DMSO or Tween 80 to prepare the following concentrations: 625, 1250, 2500, 3750 and 5000 µg/ml. The effects of extract solutions were evaluated on the embryonation of eggs, egg hatching and on L and L survival after 48, 10 and 24 h of incubation. Negative controls were 1.5% DMSO, 4% Tween 80 and a mixture of these solvents. The TLC was carried out and the profiles of secondary metabolites were made. RESULTS: Negative controls had no effect on the embryonation, eggs hatching and on larval mortality. However, it was found that, the extracts affected the free living stages of H. bakeri in a concentration-dependant manner. At the highest concentration (5000 µg/ml), the rate of inhibition of embryonation obtained were 20.80%, 38.15% and 84.83% for Methylene Chloride-Methanol of Annona senegalensis (MCM As), Nauclea latifolia (MCM Nl) extracts and mixture of Annona senegalensis and Nauclea latifolia (MCM As-Nl) extract respectively. For egg hatch, the inhibition rate was 16.10%, 46.24% and 87.07% for the above three extracts respectively at the same concentration of 5000 µg/ml. On L and L larval stages after 24 h of exposure to extracts, the mortality rates of 100%, 54.76% and 96.77% against 98%, 51.44% and 100% were obtained for MCM As, MCM Nl and MCM As-Nl respectively at the highest concentration. The Methylene Chloride-Methanol of A.senegalensis, N. latifolia extracts showed the presence of alkaloids except in N. latifolia extract, flavonoids, sterols, triterpens, tanins, polyphenols, anthraquinons, saponins and terpenoids. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that, the mixture of the two plant extracts showed an additive (synergetic effect) ovicidal effect and a slight larval mortality on L as compared to the effect of MCM As extract alone. These effects were due to the presence ao secondary metabolites identifies in the plant extracts. Thus, they may be used as possible «disinfectants¼ for soil transmitted nematodes. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Annona/química Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia Larva/efeitos dos fármacos Nematoides/efeitos dos fármacos Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia Rubiaceae/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Camarões Sinergismo Farmacológico Estágios do Ciclo de Vida/efeitos dos fármacos Medicina Tradicional Africana Camundongos Nematoides/crescimento & desenvolvimento Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anthelmintics); 0 (Phytochemicals); 0 (Plant Extracts) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170901 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170901 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170813 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1908-8

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[PMID]: 28719642 [Au] Autor: Tadege B; Shimelis T [Ad] Endereço: Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Hawassa, Ethiopia. [Ti] Título: Infections with Schistosoma mansoni and geohelminths among school children dwelling along the shore of the Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(7):e0181547, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Infections with Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminthes (STHs) are major public health problems in Ethiopia. However, information was scarce on the current status of these infections to guide an intervention in the study area. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of infections with S. mansoni and STHs and associated factors among school children in southern Ethiopia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study investigated children who were attending the Finchawa and Tullo junior elementary schools and were residing along the shore of the lake Hawassa in January and February, 2015. A total of 374 students were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data on socio-demography and related factors was collected using structured questionnaires. A single stool sample was collected from each child and processed using formol-ether concentration technique and examined microscopically for parasites' ova/larva. RESULTS: The prevalence of parasitic infection with one or more than one helminthiasis was found to be 67.9%. Seven different types of helminths were identified and the most prevalent parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (44.4%), followed by S. mansoni (31%), Trichuris trichiura (11%), and hookworms (7.7%). The rate of infection with STHs was 52.4%. Single, double, triple and quadruple infections were 42.2, 22.5, 2.4, and 0.8%, respectively. Children who practiced open-field defecation (AOR, 3.6; 95% CI 1.6-8.0; p = 0.001) and had not always washed their hands before eating a meal (AOR, 5.0; 95%CI 2.15-11.7; p <0.001) were more infected with STHs. Moreover, the rate of S. mansoni infection was significantly higher among children who were attending the Finchawa school (AOR, 2.13; 95% CI 1.31-3.46; p = 0.002), aged 11-15 years (AOR, 1.97; 95% CI 1.22-3.19; p = 0.006), had swum in the lake Hawassa (AOR, 2.73; 95%CI 1.20-6.17; p = 0.016), and had involved in irrigation-related activities (AOR, 1.68; 95%CI 1.04-2.71; p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: The study showed high prevalence of STHs and moderate rate of schisotosomiasis. Mass deworming twice a year for STHs and once every two years for S. mansoni, further to strengthening other prevention measures, is critically needed to reduce these infections to inconsequential level. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Lagos Nematoides/fisiologia Infecções por Nematoides/epidemiologia Schistosoma mansoni/fisiologia Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Animais Criança Pré-Escolar Estudos Transversais Etiópia/epidemiologia Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Fatores de Risco [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170925 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170925 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170719 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181547

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[PMID]: 28647171 [Au] Autor: Kenyon F; Hutchings F; Morgan-Davies C; van Dijk J; Bartley DJ [Ad] Endereço: Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, UK. Electronic address: fiona.kenyon@moredun.ac.uk. [Ti] Título: Worm Control in Livestock: Bringing Science to the Field. [So] Source: Trends Parasitol;33(9):669-677, 2017 09. [Is] ISSN: 1471-5007 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Parasitic roundworm infections are ubiquitous in grazing livestock. Chemical control through the frequent 'blanket' administration of anthelmintics (wormers) has been, and remains, the cornerstone in controlling these infections, but this practice is unsustainable. Alternative strategies are available but, even with the plethora of best practice advice available, have yet to be integrated into routine farming practice. This is probably due to a range of factors, including contradictory advice from different sources, changes to advice following increased scientific understanding, and top-down knowledge exchange patterns. In this article, we discuss the worm control options available, the translation of new best practice advice from science bench to field, and ideas for future work and directions. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Criação de Animais Domésticos/normas Infecções por Nematoides/prevenção & controle Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico Gado Infecções por Nematoides/tratamento farmacológico Pesquisa/tendências [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anthelmintics) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171121 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171121 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170626 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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