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[PMID]: 27979744 [Au] Autor: Schubert TM [Ad] Endereço: ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (CCD), Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, 16 University Ave., Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Electronic address: teresa.schubert@mq.edu.au. [Ti] Título: Why are digits easier to identify than letters? [So] Source: Neuropsychologia;95:136-155, 2017 Jan 27. [Is] ISSN: 1873-3514 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Beginning with Dejerine's report of pure alexia in 1892, numerous researchers have noted that individuals with acquired impairments of reading may show spared digit identification performance. This digit advantage has also been found in unimpaired adult readers across a number of tasks, and five main hypotheses have been proposed to explain how it arises. In this paper I consider these hypotheses in the context of recent theories of a unified alphanumeric character identification system, and evaluate them according to relevant empirical evidence. Despite some promising findings, none of the hypotheses currently provide a sufficient explanation of the digit advantage. Rather than developing new hypotheses to explain a categorical difference between digit and letter performance, I argue that future work should consider factors that affect identification performance specific to individual characters. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Dislexia Adquirida/psicologia Conceitos Matemáticos Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos Leitura [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Dislexia Adquirida/diagnóstico por imagem Dislexia Adquirida/fisiopatologia Seres Humanos Modelos Psicológicos Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1705 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170508 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170508 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161217 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27560301 [Au] Autor: Reinhart S; Schunck A; Schaadt AK; Adams M; Simon A; Kerkhoff G [Ad] Endereço: Clinical Neuropsychology Unit and Outpatient Service. [Ti] Título: Assessing neglect dyslexia with compound words. [So] Source: Neuropsychology;30(7):869-73, 2016 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1931-1559 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: The neglect syndrome is frequently associated with neglect dyslexia (ND), which is characterized by omissions or misread initial letters of single words. ND is usually assessed with standardized reading texts in clinical settings. However, particularly in the chronic phase of ND, patients often report reading deficits in everyday situations but show (nearly) normal performances in test situations that are commonly well-structured. To date, sensitive and standardized tests to assess the severity and characteristics of ND are lacking, although reading is of high relevance for daily life and vocational settings. METHOD: Several studies found modulating effects of different word features on ND. We combined those features in a novel test to enhance test sensitivity in the assessment of ND. Low-frequency words of different length that contain residual pronounceable words when the initial letter strings are neglected were selected. We compared these words in a group of 12 ND-patients suffering from right-hemispheric first-ever stroke with word stimuli containing no existing residual words. Finally, we tested whether the serially presented words are more sensitive for the diagnosis of ND than text reading. RESULTS: The severity of ND was modulated strongly by the ND-test words and error frequencies in single word reading of ND words were on average more than 10 times higher than in a standardized text reading test (19.8% vs. 1.8%). CONCLUSION: The novel ND-test maximizes the frequency of specific ND-errors and is therefore more sensitive for the assessment of ND than conventional text reading tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Dislexia Adquirida/diagnóstico Dislexia Adquirida/psicologia Transtornos da Percepção/diagnóstico Transtornos da Percepção/psicologia Semântica [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico Hemorragia Cerebral/psicologia Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico Infarto Cerebral/psicologia Feminino Hemianopsia/diagnóstico Hemianopsia/psicologia Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Testes Neuropsicológicos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; WEBCASTS [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170817 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170817 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160826 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1037/neu0000307

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[PMID]: 26966139 [Au] Autor: Binder JR; Pillay SB; Humphries CJ; Gross WL; Graves WW; Book DS [Ad] Endereço: Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA jbinder@mcw.edu. [Ti] Título: Surface errors without semantic impairment in acquired dyslexia: a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping study. [So] Source: Brain;139(Pt 5):1517-26, 2016 May. [Is] ISSN: 1460-2156 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Patients with surface dyslexia have disproportionate difficulty pronouncing irregularly spelled words (e.g. pint), suggesting impaired use of lexical-semantic information to mediate phonological retrieval. Patients with this deficit also make characteristic 'regularization' errors, in which an irregularly spelled word is mispronounced by incorrect application of regular spelling-sound correspondences (e.g. reading plaid as 'played'), indicating over-reliance on sublexical grapheme-phoneme correspondences. We examined the neuroanatomical correlates of this specific error type in 45 patients with left hemisphere chronic stroke. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping showed a strong positive relationship between the rate of regularization errors and damage to the posterior half of the left middle temporal gyrus. Semantic deficits on tests of single-word comprehension were generally mild, and these deficits were not correlated with the rate of regularization errors. Furthermore, the deep occipital-temporal white matter locus associated with these mild semantic deficits was distinct from the lesion site associated with regularization errors. Thus, in contrast to patients with surface dyslexia and semantic impairment from anterior temporal lobe degeneration, surface errors in our patients were not related to a semantic deficit. We propose that these patients have an inability to link intact semantic representations with phonological representations. The data provide novel evidence for a post-semantic mechanism mediating the production of surface errors, and suggest that the posterior middle temporal gyrus may compute an intermediate representation linking semantics with phonology. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Mapeamento Encefálico Dislexia Adquirida/patologia Fonética Semântica [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Dislexia Adquirida/complicações Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Testes Neuropsicológicos Lobo Occipital/patologia Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia Lobo Temporal/patologia Substância Branca/patologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1705 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170508 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170508 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160312 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww029

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[PMID]: 26018197 [Au] Autor: Getz H; Snider S; Brennan D; Friedman R [Ad] Endereço: a Center for Aphasia Research and Rehabilitation , Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA. [Ti] Título: Successful remote delivery of a treatment for phonological alexia via telerehab. [So] Source: Neuropsychol Rehabil;26(4):584-609, 2016 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1464-0694 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: A growing body of literature supports the effectiveness of the remote delivery of rehabilitation services, i.e., telerehab. Aphasia treatment is particularly well suited for telerehab because of the verbal and visual nature of speech-language therapy, but scientific research investigating aphasia telerehab is in its infancy. No studies to date have evaluated whether treatment of acquired reading disorders by a live clinician can be feasibly, effectively, or efficiently conducted via telerehab. Here we address this gap in the literature by reporting our success remotely remediating the reading deficits of two participants with phonological alexia. We adapted for the telerehab setting a previously validated treatment for phonological alexia (Friedman, Sample, & Lott, 2002 ), which uses a paired-associate design to train reading of problematic words. Both telerehab participants significantly improved their reading of trained words in similar time frames as previous participants (Friedman et al., 2002 ; Kurland et al., 2008 ; Lott, Sample, Oliver, Lacey, & Friedman, 2008 ); furthermore, both participants reported high satisfaction with the telerehab setting. Although telerehab with alexic patients poses unique challenges, we conclude that treatment for alexia via telerehab is nevertheless feasible, may be equally effective as in-person treatment, and saves substantial resources for participants as well as clinicians. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Hemorragia Cerebral/reabilitação Dislexia Adquirida/reabilitação Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/reabilitação Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/métodos Telerreabilitação/métodos Videoconferência [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Hemorragia Cerebral/complicações Dislexia Adquirida/etiologia Feminino Seres Humanos Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/complicações Masculino Meia-Idade [Pt] Tipo de publicação: CASE REPORTS; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1702 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170801 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170801 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 150529 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1048254

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[PMID]: 25712402 [Au] Autor: Griffiths GG; Sohlberg MM; Kirk C; Fickas S; Biancarosa G [Ad] Endereço: a Communication Disorders and Sciences , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR , USA. [Ti] Título: Evaluation of use of reading comprehension strategies to improve reading comprehension of adult college students with acquired brain injury. [So] Source: Neuropsychol Rehabil;26(2):161-90, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 1464-0694 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Adults with mild to moderate acquired brain injury (ABI) often pursue post-secondary or professional education after their injuries in order to enter or re-enter the job market. An increasing number of these adults report problems with reading-to-learn. The problem is particularly concerning given the growing population of adult survivors of ABI. Despite the rising need, empirical evaluation of reading comprehension interventions for adults with ABI is scarce. This study used a within-subject design to evaluate whether adult college students with ABI with no more than moderate cognitive impairments benefited from using reading comprehension strategies to improve comprehension of expository text. Integrating empirical support from the cognitive rehabilitation and special education literature, the researchers designed a multi-component reading comprehension strategy package. Participants read chapters from an introductory-level college anthropology textbook in two different conditions: strategy and no-strategy. The results indicated that reading comprehension strategy use was associated with recall of more correct information units in immediate and delayed free recall tasks; more efficient recall in the delayed free recall task; and increased accuracy recognising statements from a sentence verification task designed to reflect the local and global coherence of the text. The findings support further research into using reading comprehension strategies as an intervention approach for the adult ABI population. Future research needs include identifying how to match particular reading comprehension strategies to individuals, examining whether reading comprehension performance improves further through the incorporation of systematic training, and evaluating texts from a range of disciplines and genres. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Lesões Encefálicas/complicações Compreensão Dislexia Adquirida/reabilitação Aprendizagem Rememoração Mental [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Dislexia Adquirida/etiologia Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Leitura Estudantes Universidades [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S. [Em] Mês de entrada: 1610 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 161230 [Lr] Data última revisão: 161230 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 150226 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1007878

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[PMID]: 25582781 [Au] Autor: Kim ES; Lemke SF [Ad] Endereço: a Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada. [Ti] Título: Behavioural and eye-movement outcomes in response to text-based reading treatment for acquired alexia. [So] Source: Neuropsychol Rehabil;26(1):60-86, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 1464-0694 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Text-based reading treatments, such as Multiple Oral Rereading (MOR) and Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia (ORLA) have been used successfully to remediate reading impairments in individuals with acquired alexia, but the mechanisms underlying such improvements are not well understood. In this study, an individual with acquired alexia who demonstrated reliance on a sub-lexical reading strategy (i.e., presence of spelling regularity effect and phonologically plausible errors) underwent 12 weeks of text-based reading treatment combining MOR and ORLA procedures. Behavioural assessments of single-word and text reading, along with eye-tracking assessments were conducted pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 5 month follow-up. Improved reading fluency (rate, accuracy) was observed for both trained and untrained passages. Evidence from behavioural and eye-tracking assessment suggested text-based reading treatment facilitated use of a lexical-semantic reading strategy. Increased frequency and lexicality effects, as well as a shift in initial landing position towards the centre of the word (the "optimal viewing position") were observed at post-treatment and follow-up assessments. These results demonstrate the potential utility of using eye movements as a parameter of interest in addition to traditional behavioural outcomes when investigating response to reading treatment. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Dislexia Adquirida/fisiopatologia Dislexia Adquirida/reabilitação Movimentos Oculares/fisiologia Leitura [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Fixação Ocular Seguimentos Generalização (Psicologia) Seres Humanos Linguística Masculino Testes Neuropsicológicos Avaliação de Resultados (Cuidados de Saúde) Estimulação Luminosa Vocabulário [Pt] Tipo de publicação: CASE REPORTS; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1608 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 151030 [Lr] Data última revisão: 151030 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 150114 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2014.999688

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[PMID]: 26383779 [Au] Autor: Knilans J; DeDe G [Ti] Título: Online Sentence Reading in People With Aphasia: Evidence From Eye Tracking. [So] Source: Am J Speech Lang Pathol;24(4):S961-73, 2015 Nov. [Is] ISSN: 1558-9110 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: PURPOSE: There is a lot of evidence that people with aphasia have more difficulty understanding structurally complex sentences (e.g., object clefts) than simpler sentences (subject clefts). However, subject clefts also occur more frequently in English than object clefts. Thus, it is possible that both structural complexity and frequency affect how people with aphasia understand these structures. METHOD: Nine people with aphasia and 8 age-matched controls participated in the study. The stimuli consisted of 24 object cleft and 24 subject cleft sentences. The task was eye tracking during reading, which permits a more fine-grained analysis of reading performance than measures such as self-paced reading. RESULTS: As expected, controls had longer reading times for critical regions in object cleft sentences compared with subject cleft sentences. People with aphasia showed the predicted effects of structural frequency. Effects of structural complexity in people with aphasia did not emerge on their first pass through the sentence but were observed when they were rereading critical regions of complex sentences. CONCLUSIONS: People with aphasia are sensitive to both structural complexity and structural frequency when reading. However, people with aphasia may use different reading strategies than controls when confronted with relatively infrequent and complex sentence structures. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Afasia/diagnóstico Dislexia Adquirida/diagnóstico Leitura Movimentos Sacádicos Semântica [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Compreensão Feminino Seres Humanos Linguística Masculino Meia-Idade [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL [Em] Mês de entrada: 1609 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170220 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170220 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 150919 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0140

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[PMID]: 26257217 [Au] Autor: Rodriguez AR; Barton JJ [Ad] Endereço: Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. Electronic address: arodrig@mcmaster.ca. [Ti] Título: The 20/20 patient who can't read. [So] Source: Can J Ophthalmol;50(4):257-64, 2015 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1715-3360 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: To understand how reading can be disrupted in patients with good acuity, it is important to realize the complexities that underlie this task, which normally seems so effortless. The process of reading is an interplay among vision, eye movements, attention, and linguistic processing, and impairments in any of these functions can result in reduced reading efficiency. The goal of this review is to provide a systematic review of these functions that can help clinicians generate a logical and useful differential diagnosis of impaired reading in the patient with 20/20 vision. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Dislexia Adquirida/fisiopatologia Leitura Acuidade Visual/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Atenção/fisiologia Movimentos Oculares/fisiologia Seres Humanos Linguística Visão Ocular/fisiologia Campos Visuais/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1603 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 161013 [Lr] Data última revisão: 161013 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 150811 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 26138948 [Au] Autor: Yong KX; Rajdev K; Shakespeare TJ; Leff AP; Crutch SJ [Ad] Endereço: From the Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology (K.X.X.Y., K.R., T.J.S., S.J.C.), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience (A.P.L.), and Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (A.P.L.), University College London, UK. keir.yong@ucl. [Ti] Título: Facilitating text reading in posterior cortical atrophy. [So] Source: Neurology;85(4):339-48, 2015 Jul 28. [Is] ISSN: 1526-632X [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: We report (1) the quantitative investigation of text reading in posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), and (2) the effects of 2 novel software-based reading aids that result in dramatic improvements in the reading ability of patients with PCA. METHODS: Reading performance, eye movements, and fixations were assessed in patients with PCA and typical Alzheimer disease and in healthy controls (experiment 1). Two reading aids (single- and double-word) were evaluated based on the notion that reducing the spatial and oculomotor demands of text reading might support reading in PCA (experiment 2). RESULTS: Mean reading accuracy in patients with PCA was significantly worse (57%) compared with both patients with typical Alzheimer disease (98%) and healthy controls (99%); spatial aspects of passages were the primary determinants of text reading ability in PCA. Both aids led to considerable gains in reading accuracy (PCA mean reading accuracy: single-word reading aid = 96%; individual patient improvement range: 6%-270%) and self-rated measures of reading. Data suggest a greater efficiency of fixations and eye movements under the single-word reading aid in patients with PCA. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate how neurologic characterization of a neurodegenerative syndrome (PCA) and detailed cognitive analysis of an important everyday skill (reading) can combine to yield aids capable of supporting important everyday functional abilities. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with PCA, 2 software-based reading aids (single-word and double-word) improve reading accuracy. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Encefalopatias/terapia Dislexia Adquirida/terapia Terapia Assistida por Computador [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Doença de Alzheimer/complicações Doença de Alzheimer/patologia Atrofia/complicações Atrofia/patologia Encefalopatias/complicações Encefalopatias/patologia Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia Estudos de Casos e Controles Córtex Cerebral/patologia Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia Dislexia Adquirida/complicações Dislexia Adquirida/fisiopatologia Movimentos Oculares/fisiologia Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Testes Neuropsicológicos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1511 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170922 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170922 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 150704 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001782

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[PMID]: 26102993 [Au] Autor: Manguel A [Ti] Título: Some Thoughts About Thinking. [So] Source: Cogn Behav Neurol;28(2):43-5, 2015 Jun. [Is] ISSN: 1543-3641 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In this first-person case history, the writer Alberto Manguel chronicles the experience of losing his ability to write and speak during a stroke. He was reassured somewhat by his continued ability to read and to quote mentally from literature that he had memorized. Within hours after the stroke, he regained the ability to write. He remained unable to speak for a month. In this essay he ponders eloquently the relationship between thought and language, and describes how it felt not to be able to bridge the gap between thought and speech during his period of aphasia. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Agrafia/psicologia Afasia/psicologia Dislexia Adquirida/psicologia Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adaptação Psicológica Agrafia/etiologia Afasia/etiologia Dislexia Adquirida/etiologia Seres Humanos Masculino Fala Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações Pensamento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; PERSONAL NARRATIVES [Em] Mês de entrada: 1601 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 150624 [Lr] Data última revisão: 150624 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 150624 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000057

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