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[PMID]: 29231002 [Au] Autor: Xia ZY; Zhai XD; Liu BB; Zheng Z; Zhao LL; Mo YN [Ad] Endereço: School of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China. [Ti] Título: [Relationship between Electrical Conductivity and Decomposition Rate of Rat Postmortem Skeletal Muscle]. [So] Source: Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi;33(1):17-20, 2017 Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1004-5619 [Cp] País de publicação: China [La] Idioma: chi [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship among electrical conductivity （EC）, total volatile basic nitrogen （TVB-N）, which is an index of decomposition rate for meat production, and postmortem interval （PMI）. To explore the feasibility of EC as an index of cadaveric skeletal muscle decomposition rate and lay the foundation for PMI estimation. METHODS: Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed by cervical vertebrae dislocation and kept at 28 ℃. Muscle of rear limbs was removed at different PMI, homogenized in deionized water and then skeletal extraction liquid of mass concentration 0.1 g/mL was prepared. EC and TVB-N of extraction liquid were separately determined. The correlation between EC ( 1) and TVB-N ( 2) was analyzed, and their regression function was established. The relationship between PMI ( ) and these two parameters were studied, and their regression functions were separately established. RESULTS: The change trends of EC and TVB-N of skeletal extraction liquid at different PMI were almost the same, and there was a linear positive correlation between them. The regression equation was 2=0.14 1-164.91( ²=0.982). EC and TVB-N of skeletal muscle changed significantly with PMI, and the regression functions were =19.38 1³-370.68 1²+2 526.03 1-717.06( ²=0.994), and =2.56 2³-48.39 2²+330.60 2-255.04( ²=0.997), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EC and TVB-N of rat postmortem skeletal muscle show similar change trends, which can be used as an index for decomposition rate of cadaveric skeletal muscle and provide a method for further study of late PMI estimation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Condutividade Elétrica Patologia Legal Músculo Esquelético/patologia Mudanças Depois da Morte [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Autopsia Nitrogênio Ratos Ratos Sprague-Dawley Fatores de Tempo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: N762921K75 (Nitrogen) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180308 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180308 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171213 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.01.004

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[PMID]: 29188663 [Au] Autor: Lü YH; Ma KJ; Li ZH; Gu J; Bao JY; Yang ZF; Gao J; Zeng Y; Tao L; Chen L [Ad] Endereço: Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai 201318, China. [Ti] Título: [Correlation between RNA Expression Level and Early PMI in Human Brain Tissue]. [So] Source: Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi;32(4):245-249, 2016 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1004-5619 [Cp] País de publicação: China [La] Idioma: chi [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVES: To explore the correlation between the expression levels of several RNA markers in human brain tissue and early postmortem interval （PMI）. METHODS: Twelve individuals with known PMI （range from 4.3 to 22.5 h） were selected and total RNA was extracted from brain tissue. Eight commonly used RNA markers were chosen including -actin, GAPDH, RPS29, 18S rRNA, 5S rRNA, U6 snRNA, miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b, and the expression levels were detected in brain tissue by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The internal reference markers with stable expression in early PMI were screened using geNorm software and the relationship between its expression level and some relevant factors such as age, gender and cause of death were analyzed. RNA markers normalized by internal reference were inserted into the mathematic model established by previous research for PMI estimation using R software. Model quality was judged by the error rate calculated with estimated PMI. RESULTS: 5S rRNA, miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b showed quite stable expression and their expression levels had no relation with age, gender and cause of death. The error rate of estimated PMI using -actin was 24.6%, while GAPDH was 41.0%. CONCLUSIONS: 5S rRNA, miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b are suitable as internal reference markers of human brain tissue owing to their stable expression in early PMI. The expression level of -actin correlates well with PMI, which can be used as an additional index for early PMI estimation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Encéfalo/metabolismo MicroRNAs/análise Mudanças Depois da Morte RNA Nuclear Pequeno/análise [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Actinas/análise Autopsia Seres Humanos Modelos Teóricos Estabilidade de RNA RNA Ribossômico 18S/análise RNA Ribossômico 5S/análise Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real Software [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Actins); 0 (MicroRNAs); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 18S); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 5S); 0 (RNA, Small Nuclear); 0 (U6 small nuclear RNA) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180308 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180308 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171201 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.04.002

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[PMID]: 28457510 [Au] Autor: Kanawaku Y; Hirakawa K; Koike K; Kanetake J; Ohno Y [Ad] Endereço: Department of Legal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan. Electronic address: ykanawaku@nifty.com. [Ti] Título: Pattern recognition analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of postmortem cerebrospinal fluid from rats with drug-induced seizure or coma. [So] Source: Leg Med (Tokyo);25:52-58, 2017 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1873-4162 [Cp] País de publicação: Ireland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is routinely subjected to gross evaluation in postmortem investigations; however, its use in chemical evaluations has not been fully realized. Analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra with pattern recognition methods was applied to CSF samples. Rats were treated with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to induce seizure or pentobarbital (PB) to induce coma, and postmortem CSF was collected after CO gas euthanization. Pattern recognition analysis of the NMR data was performed on individual postmortem CSF samples. The aim of this study was to determine if pattern recognition analysis of NMR data could be used to classify the rats according to their drug treatment. The applicability of NMR data with pattern recognition analysis using postmortem CSF was also assessed. Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) score plots indicated that the PTZ, PB, and NS (control) groups were clustered and clearly separated. PLS-DA correlation loading plots showed respective spectral and category variances of 41% and 42% for factor 1, and 17% and 27% for factor 2. Thus, factors 1 and 2 together described 58% (41%+17%) and 69% (42%+27%) of the variation, respectively. NMR study of postmortem CSF has the potential to be utilized as both a novel forensic neurochemistry method and in the clinical setting. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/efeitos dos fármacos Coma/induzido quimicamente Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Mudanças Depois da Morte Convulsões/induzido quimicamente [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Convulsivantes/toxicidade Análise Discriminante Hipnóticos e Sedativos/toxicidade Metabolômica Pentobarbital/toxicidade Pentilenotetrazol/toxicidade Ratos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Convulsants); 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives); I4744080IR (Pentobarbital); WM5Z385K7T (Pentylenetetrazole) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180307 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180307 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170502 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28457504 [Au] Autor: Okumura M; Usumoto Y; Tsuji A; Kudo K; Ikeda N [Ad] Endereço: Department of Forensic Pathology and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. [Ti] Título: Analysis of postmortem changes in internal organs and gases using computed tomography data. [So] Source: Leg Med (Tokyo);25:11-15, 2017 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1873-4162 [Cp] País de publicação: Ireland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is a useful method to identify various causes of death and measure the volume of internal organs and gases. The purpose of this study was to investigate postmortem changes as measured by PMCT, and the relationship between the volume of organs and gases and postmortem interval (PMI). Forty-six cadavers (22 men, 24 women) were examined by CT before autopsy. The volumes of the lungs, intrahepatic gas, and intrarectal gas were measured by CT using a workstation. A stepwise regression analysis was used to establish a predictive equation to ascertain the measured volume using factors including sex, age, height, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), and PMI. For estimation of PMI, stepwise regression analysis was used. In the equations for each measured volume, height, diaphragmatic height, and BSA were adopted for the left lung; height and diaphragmatic height were adopted for the right lung; PMI was adopted for intrahepatic gas; and sex and PMI were adopted for intrarectal gas. In the PMI equations, left lung volume, intrahepatic gas, and intrarectal gas were adopted together with sex, weight, and BMI. Values of intrahepatic gas decreased with postmortem changes, while intrarectal gas increased. This may be useful in investigation of postmortem changes. It will be necessary to include other parts of the intestine and to analyze volume changes in gases from these parts after death. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Patologia Legal/métodos Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores Mudanças Depois da Morte [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Cadáver Feminino Gases/análise Seres Humanos Masculino Tecnologia Radiológica [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Gases) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180307 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180307 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170502 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29205974 [Au] Autor: Tao L; Ma JL; Chen L [Ad] Endereço: Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. [Ti] Título: [Research Progress on Estimation of Early Postmortem Interval]. [So] Source: Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi;32(6):444-447, 2016 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1004-5619 [Cp] País de publicação: China [La] Idioma: chi [Ab] Resumo: Estimation of postmortem interval （PMI） is very important for judging the nature of cases, restricting the scope of investigation and suspect, which is always the emphasis and difficulty for forensic pathology. Early postmortem interval is the time between 0 and 24 hours after death. Due to the shorter time after the case occurred, precisely estimating early postmortem interval can help solve crimes, which has important significance in forensic medicine. In recent years, series of advanced methods and technologies are used to estimate the early PMI by the internal and overseas scholars who work in the forensic area. This paper reviews the research progress on fluids biochemistry, supravital reactions, metabolomics, imageology and the degradation rule of genetic material to provide a new idea to the study and application for estimation of early PMI. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Patologia Legal Mudanças Depois da Morte Fatores de Tempo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Autopsia Medicina Legal Seres Humanos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180215 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180215 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171206 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.013

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[PMID]: 29205007 [Au] Autor: Li L; Feng DX; Wu J [Ad] Endereço: College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China. [Ti] Título: [Research Progress of Carrion-breeding Phorid Flies for Post-mortem Interval Estimation in Forensic Medicine]. [So] Source: Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi;32(5):363-366, 2016 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1004-5619 [Cp] País de publicação: China [La] Idioma: chi [Ab] Resumo: It is a difficult problem of forensic medicine to accurately estimate the post-mortem interval. Entomological approach has been regarded as an effective way to estimate the post-mortem interval. The developmental biology of carrion-breeding flies has an important position at the post-mortem interval estimation. Phorid flies are tiny and occur as the main or even the only insect evidence in relatively enclosed environments. This paper reviews the research progress of carrion-breeding phorid flies for estimating post-mortem interval in forensic medicine which includes their roles, species identification and age determination of immatures. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Dípteros Entomologia Medicina Legal [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Autopsia Meio Ambiente Seres Humanos Mudanças Depois da Morte [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180215 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180215 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171206 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.05.011

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[PMID]: 29220733 [Au] Autor: Dias AS; Castro AL; Melo P; Tarelho S; Domingues P; Franco JM [Ad] Endereço: National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Portugal; Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: a.dias@ua.pt. [Ti] Título: A fast method for GHB-GLUC quantitation in whole blood by GC-MS/MS (TQD) for forensic purposes. [So] Source: J Pharm Biomed Anal;150:107-111, 2018 Feb 20. [Is] ISSN: 1873-264X [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is an endogenous compound with a historical use, both in licit and illicit terms. Importantly, the post-mortem behavior of GHB has been studied due to the possibility of using this compound as a biomarker for estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI). However, the post-mortem behavior of the recently discovered glucuronated GHB metabolite (GHB-GLUC) has not been studied. Nevertheless, GHB-GLUC may also have potential both to assist in PMI determination and also to increase the window of detection of GHB consumption. In this work, for the first time, a reliable method using GC-MS/MS for the quantification of GHB-GLUC in whole blood samples was developed and validated, with a simple, fast and cheap sample pretreatment. The method proved to be specific, precise, linear in a work range between 200 and 5000ng/mL, with LOD and LOQ of 52.65ng/mL and 200ng/mL, respectively, and an extraction recovery of 51%. Furthermore, the method was applied to a set of real post-mortem blood samples non-related with GHB intoxication and the obtained results were also discussed. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Toxicologia Forense/métodos Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos Hidroxibutiratos/sangue Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Patologia Legal Seres Humanos Limite de Detecção Mudanças Depois da Morte Reprodutibilidade dos Testes [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; VALIDATION STUDIES [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Hydroxybutyrates); 30IW36W5B2 (4-hydroxybutyric acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180130 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180130 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171209 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28453166 [Au] Autor: Teresinski G; Milaszkiewicz A; Cywka T [Ad] Endereço: Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University in Lublin, Poland. [Ti] Título: An analysis of the relationship between bodily injury severity and fall height in victims of fatal falls from height. [Ti] Título: Analiza zaleznosci stopnia ciezkosci obrazen ciala od wysokosci upadku u smiertelnych ofiar upadków z wysokosci.. [So] Source: Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol;66(3):133-140, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 0324-8267 [Cp] País de publicação: Poland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Aim of the study: One of the basic issues discussed in forensic literature regarding falls from a height is determination of fall heights and differentiation between suicidal and accidental falls. The aim of the study was to verify the usefulness of the available methods for the purposes of forensic expertises. Material and methods: The study encompassed fatalities of falls from a height whose autopsies were performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine in Lublin. Results: Similarly to other authors, the severity of injuries was assessed using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and injury severity score (ISS). The study findings demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between the fall height and the severity of injuries according to ISS and a statistically significant difference in fall heights between the groups of accidents and suicides. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos Índices de Gravidade do Trauma Ferimentos e Lesões/classificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/classificação Feminino Seres Humanos Polônia Mudanças Depois da Morte Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1706 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180126 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180126 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29267365 [Au] Autor: Bennett TM; M'Hamdi O; Hejtmancik JF; Shiels A [Ad] Endereço: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America. [Ti] Título: Germ-line and somatic EPHA2 coding variants in lens aging and cataract. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(12):e0189881, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Rare germ-line mutations in the coding regions of the human EPHA2 gene (EPHA2) have been associated with inherited forms of pediatric cataract, whereas, frequent, non-coding, single nucleotide variants (SNVs) have been associated with age-related cataract. Here we sought to determine if germ-line EPHA2 coding SNVs were associated with age-related cataract in a case-control DNA panel (> 50 years) and if somatic EPHA2 coding SNVs were associated with lens aging and/or cataract in a post-mortem lens DNA panel (> 48 years). Micro-fluidic PCR amplification followed by targeted amplicon (exon) next-generation (deep) sequencing of EPHA2 (17-exons) afforded high read-depth coverage (1000x) for > 82% of reads in the cataract case-control panel (161 cases, 64 controls) and > 70% of reads in the post-mortem lens panel (35 clear lens pairs, 22 cataract lens pairs). Novel and reference (known) missense SNVs in EPHA2 that were predicted in silico to be functionally damaging were found in both cases and controls from the age-related cataract panel at variant allele frequencies (VAFs) consistent with germ-line transmission (VAF > 20%). Similarly, both novel and reference missense SNVs in EPHA2 were found in the post-mortem lens panel at VAFs consistent with a somatic origin (VAF > 3%). The majority of SNVs found in the cataract case-control panel and post-mortem lens panel were transitions and many occurred at di-pyrimidine sites that are susceptible to ultraviolet (UV) radiation induced mutation. These data suggest that novel germ-line (blood) and somatic (lens) coding SNVs in EPHA2 that are predicted to be functionally deleterious occur in adults over 50 years of age. However, both types of EPHA2 coding variants were present at comparable levels in individuals with or without age-related cataract making simple genotype-phenotype correlations inconclusive. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Catarata/genética Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa Cristalino/fisiologia Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único Receptor EphA2/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Envelhecimento Estudos de Casos e Controles Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Mudanças Depois da Morte Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Tumor Suppressor Protein p53); EC 2.7.10.1 (Receptor, EphA2) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171222 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189881

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[PMID]: 27770229 [Au] Autor: Nishiyama Y; Kanayama H; Mori H; Tada K; Yamamoto Y; Katsube T; Takeshita H; Kawakami K; Kitagaki H [Ad] Endereço: Department of Radiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan. [Ti] Título: Whole brain analysis of postmortem density changes of grey and white matter on computed tomography by statistical parametric mapping. [So] Source: Eur Radiol;27(6):2317-2325, 2017 Jun. [Is] ISSN: 1432-1084 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the usefulness of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for investigating postmortem changes on brain computed tomography (CT). METHODS: This retrospective study included 128 patients (23 - 100 years old) without cerebral abnormalities who underwent unenhanced brain CT before and after death. The antemortem CT (AMCT) scans and postmortem CT (PMCT) scans were spatially normalized using our original brain CT template, and postmortem changes of CT values (in Hounsfield units; HU) were analysed by the SPM technique. RESULTS: Compared with AMCT scans, 58.6 % and 98.4 % of PMCT scans showed loss of the cerebral sulci and an unclear grey matter (GM)-white matter (WM) interface, respectively. SPM analysis revealed a significant decrease in cortical GM density within 70 min after death on PMCT scans, suggesting cytotoxic brain oedema. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the density of the WM, lenticular nucleus and thalamus more than 120 min after death. CONCLUSIONS: The SPM technique demonstrated typical postmortem changes on brain CT scans, and revealed that the unclear GM-WM interface on early PMCT scans is caused by a rapid decrease in cortical GM density combined with a delayed increase in WM density. SPM may be useful for assessment of whole brain postmortem changes. KEY POINTS: • The original brain CT template achieved successful normalization of brain morphology. • Postmortem changes in the brain were independent of sex. • Cortical GM density decreased rapidly after death. • WM and deep GM densities increased following cortical GM density change. • SPM could be useful for assessment of whole brain postmortem changes. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Substância Cinzenta/patologia Mudanças Depois da Morte Substância Branca/patologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Autopsia Encefalopatias/patologia Edema Encefálico/patologia Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Neuroimagem/métodos Estudos Retrospectivos Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180102 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180102 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161023 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4633-7

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