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[PMID]: 29367489 [Au] Autor: Ogura T; Sato T; Abe M; Okano T [Ad] Endereço: Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation. [Ti] Título: Small Angle X-ray Scattering and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Study on Fragrance Infused Cationic Vesicles Modeling Scent-Releasing Fabric Softeners. [So] Source: J Oleo Sci;67(2):177-186, 2018 Feb 01. [Is] ISSN: 1347-3352 [Cp] País de publicação: Japan [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Industrially relevant systems for household and personal-care products often involve a large number of components. Such multiple component formulations are indispensable and effective for functionalization of the products, but may simultaneously provide more complex structural features compared to those in ideal systems comprising a smaller number of highly pure substances. Using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, we have investigated effects of fragrance-incorporation into cationic vesicles on their bilayer structures and membrane-membrane interactions. Cationic vesicles were prepared from TEQ surfactant, whose major component was di(alkyl fatty ester) quaternary ammonium methosulfate, and fragrance components, l-menthol, linalool, and d-limonene, were infused into the vesicle membranes to model scent-releasing fabric softeners. The cryo-TEM images confirm formation of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). Generalized indirect Fourier transformation (GIFT) analysis of the SAXS intensities based on the modified Caillé structure factor model reveals that incorporation of a more hydrophobic fragrance component leads to a more pronounced increase of the surface separation (water layer thickness). Furthermore, the fragrance-infused systems show longer-range order of the bilayer correlations and enhanced undulation fluctuation of the membranes than those in the TEQ alone system. The spin-label ESR results indicate different restricted molecular motions in the TEQ bilayers depending on the labeled position and their marked changes upon addition of the fragrance components, suggesting different mixing schemes and solubilization positions of the fragrance molecules in the TEQ bilayers. The present data have demonstrated how the infused fragrance molecules having different hydrophobicity and molecular architectures into the cationic vesicles affect the membrane structures and the intermembrane interactions, which may provide useful information for precisely controlling a fragrance-releasing property. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cicloexenos/química Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica Mentol/química Monoterpenos/química Odorantes Espalhamento a Baixo Ângulo Terpenos/química Difração de Raios X [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Cátions Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas Bicamadas Lipídicas Membranas Artificiais Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão Compostos Orgânicos/química Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cations); 0 (Cyclohexenes); 0 (Lipid Bilayers); 0 (Membranes, Artificial); 0 (Monoterpenes); 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds); 0 (Terpenes); 0 (fabric softeners); 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 9MC3I34447 (limonene); D81QY6I88E (linalool) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180126 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17186

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[PMID]: 29441998 [Au] Autor: Saab M; Issa M; Samy W; El-Maradny H [Ti] Título: Alternative approaches in formulating floating hollow tablets sublimation technique; a platform tailored drug release profile. [So] Source: Pharmazie;71(12):701-708, 2016 Dec 01. [Is] ISSN: 0031-7144 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The aim of this study was to formulate floating hollow tablets of salbutamol sulphate with a platform tailored drug release profile to attain a controllable drug release. Eight formulations (F1-F8) were prepared using sublimation technique. L-menthol was directly compressed as sublimable core followed by compression coating of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC-K15M) or polyethylene oxide (PEO-WSR301) as release retarding polymer coat. Tablets were then subjected to heat to allow sublimation of the core. The effect of polymer type and that of different drug coat/core distribution on swelling and drug release profile was studied. FTIR and DSC revealed the absence of any drug-excipients interaction. Tablets showed a hollow morphology, resulting in low density tablets that floated for over 24 hours without lag time. Moreover, different drug coat/core distribution resulted in controllable release profiles. Based on these results, an optimum drug release behavior was recorded for HPMC-based hollow tablets consisting of 2:1 drug coat/core distribution ratio (F4), revealing a zero order drug release for over 14 hours. Furthermore, F4 showed no changes in drug content, floating properties and drug release profile upon exposure to accelerated stability conditions. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Preparações de Ação Retardada/química Comprimidos/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Varredura Diferencial de Calorimetria Química Farmacêutica Composição de Medicamentos Liberação Controlada de Fármacos Estabilidade de Medicamentos Excipientes Dureza Derivados da Hipromelose Mentol/administração & dosagem Mentol/química Solubilidade Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations); 0 (Excipients); 0 (Tablets); 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 3NXW29V3WO (Hypromellose Derivatives) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180227 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180227 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180215 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1691/ph.2016.5186

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[PMID]: 29217583 [Au] Autor: Yin Y; Wu M; Zubcevic L; Borschel WF; Lander GC; Lee SY [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. [Ti] Título: Structure of the cold- and menthol-sensing ion channel TRPM8. [So] Source: Science;359(6372):237-241, 2018 01 12. [Is] ISSN: 1095-9203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) cation channels are polymodal sensors that are involved in a variety of physiological processes. Within the TRPM family, member 8 (TRPM8) is the primary cold and menthol sensor in humans. We determined the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the full-length TRPM8 from the collared flycatcher at an overall resolution of ~4.1 ångstroms. Our TRPM8 structure reveals a three-layered architecture. The amino-terminal domain with a fold distinct among known TRP structures, together with the carboxyl-terminal region, forms a large two-layered cytosolic ring that extensively interacts with the transmembrane channel layer. The structure suggests that the menthol-binding site is located within the voltage-sensor-like domain and thus provides a structural glimpse of the design principle of the molecular transducer for cold and menthol sensation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Proteínas Aviárias/química Mentol/metabolismo Passeriformes/metabolismo Canais de Cátion TRPM/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Proteínas Aviárias/metabolismo Proteínas Aviárias/ultraestrutura Sítios de Ligação Temperatura Baixa Microscopia Crioeletrônica Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador Modelos Moleculares Domínios Proteicos Dobramento de Proteína Estrutura Secundária de Proteína Subunidades Proteicas Canais de Cátion TRPM/metabolismo Canais de Cátion TRPM/ultraestrutura [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Avian Proteins); 0 (Protein Subunits); 0 (TRPM Cation Channels); 1490-04-6 (Menthol) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180216 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180216 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171209 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4325

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[PMID]: 28743602 [Au] Autor: Fait BW; Thompson DC; Mose TN; Jatlow P; Jordt SE; Picciotto MR; Mineur YS [Ad] Endereço: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3rd Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. [Ti] Título: Menthol disrupts nicotine's psychostimulant properties in an age and sex-dependent manner in C57BL/6J mice. [So] Source: Behav Brain Res;334:72-77, 2017 09 15. [Is] ISSN: 1872-7549 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Menthol is a commonly used flavorant in tobacco and e-cigarettes, and could contribute to nicotine sensitivity. To understand how menthol could contribute to nicotine intake and addiction, it is important to determine whether specific mechanisms related to sex and age could underlie behavioral changes induced by menthol-laced nicotinic products. Using a validated paradigm of nicotine-dependent locomotor stimulation, adolescent and adult C57BL/6J mice of both sexes were exposed to nicotine, or nicotine laced with menthol, as their sole source of fluid, and psychostimulant effects were evaluated by recording home cage locomotor activity for ten days. Nicotine and cotinine blood levels were measured following exposure. Results show an interaction between treatment, age, and sex on liquid consumption, indicating that mice responded differently to menthol and nicotine based on their age and sex. Adult male mice greatly increased their nicotine intake when given menthol. In female mice of both age groups, menthol did not have this effect. Despite an increase in nicotine intake promoted by menthol, adult male mice showed a significant decrease in locomotion, suggesting that menthol blunted nicotine-induced psychostimulation. This behavioral response to menthol was not detected in adolescent mice of either sex. These data confirm that menthol is more than a flavorant, and can influence both nicotine intake and its psychostimulant effects. These results suggest that age- and sex-dependent mechanisms could underlie menthol's influence on nicotine intake and that studies including adolescent and adult menthol smokers of both sexes are warranted. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia Mentol/farmacologia Nicotina/farmacologia Psicotrópicos/farmacologia Caracteres Sexuais [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Envelhecimento/fisiologia Animais Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/sangue Cotinina/sangue Feminino Masculino Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos Atividade Motora/fisiologia Nicotina/sangue Distribuição Aleatória Receptores Nicotínicos/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S. [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants); 0 (Psychotropic Drugs); 0 (Receptors, Nicotinic); 0 (nicotinic receptor beta2); 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180104 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180104 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170727 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28449666 [Au] Autor: Lee MS; LeBouf RF; Son YS; Koutrakis P; Christiani DC [Ad] Endereço: Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA 02115, USA. [Ti] Título: Nicotine, aerosol particles, carbonyls and volatile organic compounds in tobacco- and menthol-flavored e-cigarettes. [So] Source: Environ Health;16(1):42, 2017 04 27. [Is] ISSN: 1476-069X [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the content of electronic cigarette (EC) emissions for five groups of potentially toxic compounds that are known to be present in tobacco smoke: nicotine, particles, carbonyls, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and trace elements by flavor and puffing time. METHODS: We used ECs containing a common nicotine strength (1.8%) and the most popular flavors, tobacco and menthol. An automatic multiple smoking machine was used to generate EC aerosols under controlled conditions. Using a dilution chamber, we targeted nicotine concentrations similar to that of exposure in a general indoor environment. The selected toxic compounds were extracted from EC aerosols into a solid or liquid phase and analyzed with chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: We found that EC aerosols contained toxic compounds including nicotine, fine and nanoparticles, carbonyls, and some toxic VOCs such as benzene and toluene. Higher mass and number concentrations of aerosol particles were generated from tobacco-flavored ECs than from menthol-flavored ECs. CONCLUSION: We found that diluted machine-generated EC aerosols contain some pollutants. These findings are limited by the small number of ECs tested and the conditions of testing. More comprehensive research on EC exposure extending to more brands and flavor compounds is warranted. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina Nicotina/análise Material Particulado/análise Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aerossóis Elementos Mentol Nanopartículas/análise Tabaco [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S. [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Aerosols); 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Elements); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171220 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171220 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0249-x

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[PMID]: 29054764 [Au] Autor: Li C; Li J; Xiong X; Liu Y; Lv Y; Qin S; Liu D; Wei R; Ruan X; Zhang J; Xu L; Wang X; Chen J; Zhang Y; Zheng L [Ad] Endereço: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China. [Ti] Título: TRPM8 activation improves energy expenditure in skeletal muscle and exercise endurance in mice. [So] Source: Gene;641:111-116, 2018 Jan 30. [Is] ISSN: 1879-0038 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Skeletal muscle serving as the major organ is responsible for energy expenditure and exercise endurance, which directly influence cardiometabolic risk factors. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca -permeable non-selective cation channel, plays vital roles in the regulation of various cellular functions. It has been reported that TRPM8 activation enhanced the energy metabolism of adipocytes. However, the involvement of TRPM8 in the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle remains unexplored. Our data revealed that TRPM8 was expressed in cultured C2C12 myocytes. Menthol treatment increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) expression in C2C12 myotubes through TRPM8 activation. Moreover, dietary menthol upregulated the expression of UCP1 and PGC1α in skeletal muscle of mice. In addition, dietary menthol enhanced exercise endurance and reduced blood lactic acid and triglycerides through TRPM8 activation. It is concluded that dietary menthol improves energy metabolism and exercise endurance by increasing UCP1 and PGC1α in skeletal muscles, suggesting dietary menthol might be a novel therapeutic approach for cardiometabolic diseases management and prevention. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia Mentol/farmacologia Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/biossíntese Resistência Física/fisiologia Canais de Cátion TRPM/metabolismo Proteína Desacopladora 1/biossíntese [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Linhagem Celular Ativação Enzimática Ácido Láctico/sangue Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Mitocôndrias/metabolismo Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos Triglicerídeos/sangue Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha); 0 (TRPM Cation Channels); 0 (TRPM8 protein, mouse); 0 (Triglycerides); 0 (Ucp1 protein, mouse); 0 (Uncoupling Protein 1); 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171128 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171128 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171022 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28767579 [Au] Autor: Liu SC; Lu HH; Fan HC; Wang HW; Chen HK; Lee FP; Yu CJ; Chu YH [Ad] Endereço: aDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center bGraduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University cDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University dDepartment of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital eDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. [Ti] Título: The identification of the TRPM8 channel on primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells and its response to cooling. [So] Source: Medicine (Baltimore);96(31):e7640, 2017 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1536-5964 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a cold-sensing TRP channel. However, its presence and its role in the nasal cavity have not yet been fully studied. METHODS: Immunohistology was used to study TRPM8 receptors in both the nasal mucosa tissue and the primary cultures of human nasal cells. Cells from primary cultures were immunostained with antibodies to TRPM8, mucin, cytokeratin (CK)-14, CK-18, and vimentin. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the physiological role of TRPM8 in mucus production in the nasal cavity, with and without its agonist and antagonist. RESULTS: The TRPM8 is clearly present in the epithelium, mucous glands, and vessels. No obvious TRPM8-immunoreactive cells were detected in the connective tissue. Immunostaining of cytospin preparations showed that epithelial cells test positive for CK-14, CK-18, TRPM8, and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC). Fibroblastic cells are stained negative for TRPM8. Secreted mucins in the cultured supernatant are detected after exposure to menthol and moderate cooling to 24°C. Both induce a statistically significant increase in the level of MUC5AC mRNA and mucin production. BCTC, a TRPM8 antagonist, has a statistically significant inhibitory effect on MUC5AC mRNA expression and MUC5AC protein production that is induced by menthol and moderate cooling to 24°C. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that TRPM8 is present in the nasal epithelium. When it is activated by moderate cooling to 24°C or menthol, TRPM8 induces the secretion of mucin. This study shows that TRPM8 channels are important regulators of mucin production. Therefore, TRPM8 antagonists could be used to treat refractory rhinitis. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Temperatura Baixa Células Epiteliais/metabolismo Mucosa Nasal/metabolismo Canais de Cátion TRPM/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Western Blotting Células Cultivadas Células Epiteliais/citologia Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos Feminino Fibroblastos/citologia Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos Fibroblastos/metabolismo Seres Humanos Imuno-Histoquímica Queratina-14/metabolismo Queratina-18/metabolismo Masculino Mentol/farmacologia Mucina-5AC/metabolismo Mucosa Nasal/citologia Mucosa Nasal/efeitos dos fármacos Pirazinas/farmacologia Piridinas/farmacologia RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real Fármacos do Sistema Sensorial/farmacologia Canais de Cátion TRPM/antagonistas & inibidores [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Keratin-14); 0 (Keratin-18); 0 (MUC5AC protein, human); 0 (Mucin 5AC); 0 (N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide); 0 (Pyrazines); 0 (Pyridines); 0 (RNA, Messenger); 0 (Sensory System Agents); 0 (TRPM Cation Channels); 0 (TRPM8 protein, human); 1490-04-6 (Menthol) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171013 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171013 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170803 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007640

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[PMID]: 28701651 [Au] Autor: Marumoto S; Okuno Y; Hagiwara Y; Miyazawa M [Ad] Endereço: Joint Research Center, Kindai University (Former name: Kinki University). [Ti] Título: Biotransformation of (-)-(1R,4S)-Menthone and (+)-(1S,4R)-Menthone by the Common Cutworm Spodoptera litura Larvae. [So] Source: J Oleo Sci;66(8):883-888, 2017 Aug 01. [Is] ISSN: 1347-3352 [Cp] País de publicação: Japan [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Using biotransformation as a biocatalytic process has the advantage of being able to proceed under mild conditions and with high regio- and enantioselectivity. This study investigated the biotransformation of (-)-(1R,4S)-menthone (1) and (+)-(1S,4R)-menthone (2) by Spodoptera litura larvae. Compound 1 was converted to (-)-(1R,4S)-7-hydroxymenthone (1-1), (+)-(1R,3S,4S)-7-hydroxyneomenthol (1-2) and (-)-(1R,4S,8R)-p-menth-3-one-9-oic acid (1-3). The metabolism of substrate 2 generated three enantiomers of the above metabolites, designated as 2-1 to 2-3, respectively. The C-9 position of (-)-menthone and (+)-menthone was oxidized to carboxylic acid by S. litura, which is a metabolic pathway not observed in any other example of biocatalysis. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Larva/metabolismo Mentol/metabolismo Spodoptera/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Biotransformação Mentol/química Oxirredução Estereoisomerismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 9NH5J4V8FN (menthone) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171010 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171010 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170714 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17005

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[PMID]: 28493744 [Au] Autor: Jao NC; Veluz-Wilkins AK; Smith MJ; Carroll AJ; Blazekovic S; Leone FT; Tyndale RF; Schnoll RA; Hitsman B [Ad] Endereço: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. [Ti] Título: Does menthol cigarette use moderate the effect of nicotine metabolism on short-term smoking cessation? [So] Source: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol;25(3):216-222, 2017 Jun. [Is] ISSN: 1936-2293 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) has been shown to predict response to the transdermal nicotine patch, such that faster nicotine metabolism is associated with a lower abstinence rate. Menthol cigarette use, versus nonmenthol cigarette use, slows nicotine metabolism and therefore may attenuate the effect of NMR on smoking abstinence. In this study, we evaluated whether cigarette type (menthol vs. nonmenthol) modified the association between NMR and short-term abstinence. This was a secondary analysis examining treatment in the first 8 weeks of 21 mg/day nicotine patch therapy in a completed clinical trial (n = 474). Menthol cigarette use was based on self-report. NMR was defined dichotomously (0 = fast, 1 = slow) to distinguish between fast (≥0.47) versus slow NMR. Using logistic regression analysis, we tested whether cigarette type moderated the association between NMR and bioverified 7-day point prevalence abstinence at Week 8. Covariates include nicotine dependence, age, race, and gender. Three hundred two participants reported smoking menthol cigarettes, of which 234 (77%) were classified as slow NMR. Among the 172 nonmenthol smokers, 136 were classified as slow NMR (79%). Contrary to our expectations, the NMR ×Cigarette Type interaction effect on abstinence was not significant (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91, p = .86). Excluding the interaction variable, fast NMR was associated with decreased likelihood of abstinence (OR = 0.55, p = .03), but menthol cigarette use was not (OR = 1.15, p = .56). Further exploration of risk factors among menthol cigarette smokers, especially among racially diverse and light smokers, could clarify the association between menthol cigarette use and poorer smoking outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Nicotina/metabolismo Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos Produtos para o Abandono do Uso de Tabaco Tabagismo/reabilitação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Feminino Seres Humanos Modelos Logísticos Masculino Mentol/química Meia-Idade Nicotina/administração & dosagem Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar Fatores de Tempo Produtos do Tabaco [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL [Nm] Nome de substância: 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1707 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170512 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1037/pha0000124

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[PMID]: 28428175 [Au] Autor: Rowell TR; Reeber SL; Lee SL; Harris RA; Nethery RC; Herring AH; Glish GL; Tarran R [Ad] Endereço: Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. [Ti] Título: Flavored e-cigarette liquids reduce proliferation and viability in the CALU3 airway epithelial cell line. [So] Source: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol;313(1):L52-L66, 2017 Jul 01. [Is] ISSN: 1522-1504 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: E-cigarettes are generally thought of as a safer smoking alternative to traditional cigarettes. However, little is known about the effects of e-cigarette liquids (e-liquids) on the lung. Since over 7,000 unique flavors have been identified for purchase in the United States, our goal was to conduct a screen that would test whether different flavored e-liquids exhibited different toxicant profiles. We tested the effects of 13 different flavored e-liquids [with nicotine and propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG) serving as controls] on a lung epithelial cell line (CALU3). Using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay as an indicator of cell proliferation/viability, we demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease of MTT metabolism by all flavors tested. However, a group of four flavors consistently showed significantly greater toxicity compared with the PG/VG control, indicating the potential for some flavors to elicit more harmful effects than others. We also tested the aerosolized "vapor" from select e-liquids on cells and found similar dose-dependent trends, suggesting that direct e-liquid exposures are a justifiable first-pass screening approach for determining relative e-liquid toxicity. We then identified individual chemical constituents for all 13 flavors using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These data revealed that beyond nicotine and PG/VG, the 13 flavored e-liquids have diverse chemical constituents. Since all of the flavors exhibited some degree of toxicity and a diverse array of chemical constituents with little inhalation toxicity available, we conclude that flavored e-liquids should be extensively tested on a case-by-case basis to determine the potential for toxicity in the lung and elsewhere. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina Células Epiteliais/citologia Pulmão/citologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aerossóis Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Linhagem Celular Proliferação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Cinnamomum aromaticum/química Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos Células Epiteliais/metabolismo Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas Seres Humanos Concentração Inibidora 50 Mentol/farmacologia Nicotina/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Aerosols); 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1707 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170422 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00392.2016

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