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[PMID]: 29458674 [Au] Autor: Nair S; Poonacha N; Desai S; Hiremath D; Tuppad D; Mohan T; Chikkamadaiah R; Durgaiah M; Kumar S; Channabasappa S; Vipra A; Sharma U [Ad] Endereço: GangaGen Biotechnologies Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India. [Ti] Título: Restoration of sensitivity of a diverse set of drug-resistant Staphylococcus clinical strains by bactericidal protein P128. [So] Source: J Med Microbiol;67(3):296-307, 2018 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1473-5644 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: PURPOSE: P128, a phage-derived lysin, exerts antibacterial activity on staphylococci by cleaving the pentaglycine-bridge of peptidoglycan. We sought to determine whether the presence of P128 could re-sensitize drug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics by virtue of its cell wall degrading property. METHODOLOGY: P128 was tested in combination with standard-of-care (SoC) drugs by chequerboard assays on planktonic cells and biofilms of strains individually resistant to these drugs. The bactericidal effect of P128 and drug combinations on planktonic cells and biofilms was measured by c.f.u. reduction assays. A mouse model of MRSA bacteraemia was used to test the efficacy of P128 and oxacillin in combination. RESULTS: A combination of sub-MIC P128 (0.025-0.20 µg ml ) and 0.5 µg ml of oxacillin resulted in inhibition of bacterial growth in four MRSA strains. Similar results were seen with all the other drugs tested, wherein sub-MIC of P128 re-sensitized S. aureus and CoNS strains to SoC drugs. The chequerboard assays on strains of S. aureus and CoNS showed that combinations of P128 and antibiotics consistently inhibited bacterial growth on biofilms. Data from scanning electron microscopy and c.f.u. reduction assays on drug-resistant S. aureus and CoNS demonstrated that sub-MICs of P128 and SoC antibiotics could kill biofilm-embedded bacteria. In vivo, a combination of sub-therapeutic doses of P128 and oxacillin could help protect animals from fatal bacteraemia. CONCLUSION: The ability of P128 to re-sensitize bacteria to SoC drugs suggests that combinations of P128 and SoC antibiotics can potentially be developed to treat infections caused by drug-resistant strains of staphylococci. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/farmacologia Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento Modelos Animais de Doenças Seres Humanos Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos Camundongos Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Oxacilina/farmacologia Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (P128 antistaphylococcal chimeric protein); 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins); UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180308 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180308 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180221 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000697

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[PMID]: 29187950 [Au] Autor: Ibrahim OMA; Bilal NE; Osman OF; Magzoub MA [Ad] Endereço: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of El-imam El-mahdi P.O Box 209, Kosti City, Sudan. [Ti] Título: Assessment of methicillin resistant Aureus detection methods: analytical comparative study. [So] Source: Pan Afr Med J;27:281, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1937-8688 [Cp] País de publicação: Uganda [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Introduction: The heterogeneous expression of methicillin resistance in (MRSA) affects the efficiency of tests available to detect it. The objective of this study was to assess four phenotypic tests used to detect MRSA. Methods: This is an analytical comparative study conducted among sudanese patients during period from May 2012 to July 2014, strains were isolated and identified by conventional methods, and then confirmed by PCR detection of coagulase gene. PCR detection of mecA gene was used as a gold standard to assess oxacillin resistance screen agar base (ORSAB), oxacillin disc, cefoxitin disc (at different temperatures and incubation periods) and MRSA-latex agglutination test. ATCC 25923 was used as control. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: MRSA- latex agglutination was the most accurate test; it showed 100% of both sensitivity and specificity, followed by cefoxitin disc with sensitivity of 98.48% and specificity of 100%. However, both of oxacillin disc and oxacillin resistance screen agar base showed less accurate results, and were affected by incubation periods. Oxacillin disc after 24 h incubation both at 30°C and 35°C showed sensitivity and specificity values of 87.88% and 96.23%, respectively. However, after 48h incubation the test at 30°C showed sensitivity and specificity values of 89.39%, and 94.34%, respectively. At 35°C (48h) it showed values of 89.39%, 92.45% respectively. Specificity of ORSAB was more than oxacillin disc at 35°C after 24h incubation 98.11% and 96.23%, respectively. Conclusion: MRSA- latex agglutination and cefoxitin disc diffusion tests are recommended for routine detection of MRSA. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Proteínas de Bactérias/genética Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação Proteínas de Ligação às Penicilinas/genética Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Cefoxitina/farmacologia Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Seres Humanos Testes de Fixação do Látex Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Oxacilina/farmacologia Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos Sensibilidade e Especificidade Infecções Estafilocócicas/dietoterapia Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Temperatura Ambiente [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Bacterial Proteins); 0 (Penicillin-Binding Proteins); 0 (mecA protein, Staphylococcus aureus); 6OEV9DX57Y (Cefoxitin); UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171219 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171219 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171201 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.281.9016

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[PMID]: 28926634 [Au] Autor: Cirkovic I; Trajkovic J; Hauschild T; Andersen PS; Shittu A; Larsen AR [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. [Ti] Título: Nasal and pharyngeal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sciuri among hospitalised patients and healthcare workers in a Serbian university hospital. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(9):e0185181, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: There has been a paucity of data on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sciuri (MRSS) epidemiology in European healthcare settings. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of nasal and pharyngeal carriage and diversity of MRSS among inpatients and healthcare workers (HCWs) in the largest healthcare centre in Serbia, and to assess performance of different methods for MRSS screening. Nasal and pharyngeal swabs were obtained from 195 patients and 105 HCWs in different departments. Each swab was inoculated directly onto MRSA-ID, oxacillin-resistance screening agar and mannitol salt agar (MSA) with 2 mg/L of oxacillin. After inoculation, each swab was dipped in Mueller-Hinton broth with 6.5% NaCl and after overnight incubation, subcultured onto oxacillin-MSA. Characterisation of isolated MRSS strains was determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PFGE, SCCmec typing and antimicrobial resistance genes detection. MRSS nasal and pharyngeal carriage rate was high (5%) in our hospital and department-variable. PFGE revealed a possible cross-transmission of MRSS between a patient and an HCW, and dissemination across hospital wards. All analysed isolates were multidrug resistant. Fusidic acid resistance was discovered in 93.7% of isolates, but fusA mutations in EF-G and fusB/C genes were not detected. SCCmec regions of MRSS contained elements of classic methicillin-resistant S. aureus type III. Broth enrichment prior to isolation on oxacillin-MSA was superior to direct cultivation on different media with a sensitivity/specificity of 100% and 88.5%, respectively. MRSS is a significant coloniser of patients and HCWs in the hospital. Further research is needed to investigate the clinical significance of the bacterium in our settings. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Resistência a Meticilina/genética Cavidade Nasal/microbiologia Faringe/microbiologia Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Proteínas de Bactérias/genética Portador Sadio/microbiologia Pessoal de Saúde Hospitais Universitários Seres Humanos Resistência a Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Meia-Idade Oxacilina/farmacologia Sérvia Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos Staphylococcus/genética Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Bacterial Proteins); UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171020 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171020 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170920 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185181

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[PMID]: 28915875 [Au] Autor: Vasconcelos SECB; Melo HM; Cavalcante TTA; Júnior FEAC; de Carvalho MG; Menezes FGR; de Sousa OV; Costa RA [Ad] Endereço: Master's Program in Biotechnology, INTA College, Sobral, 62050-100, Brazil. [Ti] Título: Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil and carvacrol bioactive against planktonic and biofilm of oxacillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. [So] Source: BMC Complement Altern Med;17(1):462, 2017 Sep 16. [Is] ISSN: 1472-6882 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a worldwide concern and in order to find an alternative to this problem, the occurrence of antimicrobial compounds in Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil was investigated. Thus, this study aims to determine susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food to antibiotics, P. amboinicus essential oil (PAEO) and carvacrol. METHODS: Leaves and stem of P. amboinicus were used for extraction of essential oil (PAEO) by hydrodistillation technique and EO chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. S. aureus strains (n = 35) isolated from food and S. aureus ATCC 6538 were used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of PAEO and carvacrol. All strains (n = 35) were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility profile by disk diffusion method. Determination of MIC and MBC was performed by microdilution technique and antibiofilm activity was determined by microtiter-plate technique with crystal violet assay and counting viable cells in Colony Forming Units (CFU). RESULTS: Carvacrol (88.17%) was the major component in the PAEO. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 28 S. aureus strains (80%) and 12 strains (34.3%) were oxacillin and vancomycin-resistant (OVRSA). From the 28 resistant strains, 7 (25%) showed resistance plasmid of 12,000 bp. All strains (n = 35) were sensitive to PAEO and carvacrol, with inhibition zones ranging from 16 to 38 mm and 23 to 42 mm, respectively. The lowest MIC (0.25 mg mL ) and MBC (0.5 mg mL ) values were observed when carvacrol was used against OVRSA. When a 0.5 mg mL concentration of PAEO and carvacrol was used, no viable cells were found on S. aureus biofilm. CONCLUSION: The antibacterial effect of carvacrol and PAEO proves to be a possible alternative against planktonic forms and staphylococcal biofilm. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Monoterpenos/farmacologia Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia Plectranthus/química Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Seres Humanos Oxacilina/farmacologia Folhas de Planta/química Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia Vancomicina/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Monoterpenes); 0 (Oils, Volatile); 0 (Plant Extracts); 6Q205EH1VU (Vancomycin); 9B1J4V995Q (carvacrol); UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171016 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171016 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170917 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1968-9

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[PMID]: 28893360 [Au] Autor: Hryniewicz MM; Garbacz K [Ad] Endereço: Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland. [Ti] Título: Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) - a more common problem than expected? [So] Source: J Med Microbiol;66(10):1367-1373, 2017 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1473-5644 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) represents a quite poorly understood and inadequately defined phenotype of methicillin resistance. BORSA strains show low, borderline resistance to penicillinase-resistant penicillins (PRPs), with oxacillin MICs typically equal to 1-8 µg ml , and in contrast to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), do not have an altered penicillin-binding protein, PBP2a, encoded by the mecA or mecC gene. Their resistance is typically associated with hyperproduction of beta-lactamases or, in some cases, point mutations in PBP genes. BORSA cannot be classified as either truly methicillin-resistant or truly methicillin-susceptible strains. However, they are frequently misidentified, which poses an obvious epidemiological and therapeutic threat. BORSA strains are commonly isolated from humans and animals, and are found both in hospitals and in a community setting. The epidemiology and clinical presentation of BORSA infections seem to be similar to those for MRSA; these infections are usually more severe than those caused by methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Treatment of severe infections caused by BORSA may be ineffective, even with larger doses of oxacillin. The available evidence suggests that BORSA represent a frequently neglected problem, and their emergence in new environments implies that they need to be monitored and accurately distinguished from MSSA and MRSA. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Oxacilina/farmacologia Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Seres Humanos Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171018 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171018 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170913 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000585

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[PMID]: 28859149 [Au] Autor: Seng R; Kitti T; Thummeepak R; Kongthai P; Leungtongkam U; Wannalerdsakun S; Sitthisak S [Ad] Endereço: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand. [Ti] Título: Biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) isolated from community and hospital environments. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(8):e0184172, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) are the major cause of infectious diseases because of their potential ability to form biofilm and colonize the community or hospital environments. This study was designed to investigate the biofilm producing ability, and the presence of mecA, icaAD, bap and fnbA genes in MR-CoNS isolates. The MR-CoNS used in this study were isolated from various samples of community environment and five wards of hospital environments, using mannitol salt agar (MSA) supplemented with 4 µg/ml of oxacillin. The specie level of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus warneri was identified by specific primers of groESL (S. haemolyticus), rdr (S. epidermidis) and nuc (S. hominis and S. warneri). The remainder isolates were identified by tuf gene sequencing. Biofilm production was determined using Congo red agar (CRA) and Microtiter plate (MTP) assay. The mecA and biofilm associated genes (icaAD, fnbA and bap) were detected using PCR method. From the 558 samples from community and hospital environments, 292 MR-CoNS were isolated (41 from community environments, and 251 from hospital environments). S. haemolyticus (41.1%) and S. epidermidis (30.1%) were the predominant species in this study. Biofilm production was detected in 265 (90.7%) isolates by CRA, and 260 (88.6%) isolates were detected by MTP assay. The staphylococci isolates derived from hospital environments were more associated with biofilm production than the community-derived isolates. Overall, the icaAD and bap genes were detected in 74 (29.5%) and 14 (5.6%) of all isolates from hospital environments. When tested by MTP, the icaAD gene from hospital environment isolates was associated with biofilm biomass. No association was found between bap gene and biofilm formation. The MR-CoNS isolates obtained from community environments did not harbor the icaAD and bap genes. Conversely, fnbA gene presented in MR-CoNS isolated from both community and hospital environments. The high prevalence of biofilm producing MR-CoNS strains demonstrated in this study indicates the persisting ability in environments, and is useful in developing prevention strategies countering the spread of MR-CoNS. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento Infecção Hospitalar/genética Resistência a Meticilina/genética Infecções Estafilocócicas/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Proteínas de Bactérias/genética Coagulase/genética Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia Seres Humanos Oxacilina/administração & dosagem Proteínas de Ligação às Penicilinas/genética Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Staphylococcus epidermidis/genética Staphylococcus epidermidis/crescimento & desenvolvimento Staphylococcus haemolyticus/genética Staphylococcus haemolyticus/crescimento & desenvolvimento Staphylococcus hominis/genética Staphylococcus hominis/crescimento & desenvolvimento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Bacterial Proteins); 0 (Bap protein, Staphylococcus aureus); 0 (Coagulase); 0 (Penicillin-Binding Proteins); 0 (mecA protein, Staphylococcus aureus); UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171011 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171011 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170901 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184172

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[PMID]: 28859120 [Au] Autor: Maxson T; Taylor-Howell CL; Minogue TD [Ad] Endereço: Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America. [Ti] Título: Semi-quantitative MALDI-TOF for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Staphylococcus aureus. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(8):e0183899, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Antibiotic resistant bacterial infections are a significant problem in the healthcare setting, in many cases requiring the rapid administration of appropriate and effective antibiotic therapy. Diagnostic assays capable of quickly and accurately determining the pathogen resistance profile are therefore crucial to initiate or modify care. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) is a standard method for species identification in many clinical microbiology laboratories and is well positioned to be applied towards antimicrobial susceptibility testing. One recently reported approach utilizes semi-quantitative MALDI-TOF MS for growth rate analysis to provide a resistance profile independent of resistance mechanism. This method was previously successfully applied to Gram-negative pathogens and mycobacteria; here, we evaluated this method with the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Specifically, we used 35 strains of S. aureus and four antibiotics to optimize and test the assay, resulting in an overall accuracy rate of 95%. Application of the optimized assay also successfully determined susceptibility from mock blood cultures, allowing both species identification and resistance determination for all four antibiotics within 3 hours of blood culture positivity. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Cefalosporinas/farmacologia Ciprofloxacino/farmacologia Seres Humanos Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Oxacilina/farmacologia Sensibilidade e Especificidade Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação Vancomicina/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Cephalosporins); 5E8K9I0O4U (Ciprofloxacin); 6Q205EH1VU (Vancomycin); 807PW4VQE3 (cefepime); UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171016 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171016 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170901 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183899

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[PMID]: 28325220 [Au] Autor: Passeti TA; Bissoli LR; Macedo AP; Libame RB; Diniz S; Waisse S [Ad] Endereço: ABC Medical School of Santo André, Rua Principe de Gales, 821 Santo André, Brazil. Electronic address: tania.passeti@japta.com.br. [Ti] Título: Action of antibiotic oxacillin on in vitro growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) previously treated with homeopathic medicines. [So] Source: Homeopathy;106(1):27-31, 2017 Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1476-4245 [Cp] País de publicação: Scotland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Resistance to antibiotics is a major public health concern worldwide. New treatment options are needed and homeopathy is one such option. We sought to assess the effect of the homeopathic medicine Belladonna (Bell) and a nosode (biotherapy) prepared from a multi-drug resistant bacterial species, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), on the same bacterium. METHODS: Bell and MRSA nosode were prepared in 6cH and 30cH potencies in 30% alcohol and sterile water, according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia and tested on MRSA National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) 10442. We assessed in vitro bacterial growth, deoxyribonuclease (DNAase) and hemolysin activity, and in vitro bacterial growth in combination with oxacillin (minimum inhibitory concentration - MIC). All values were compared to control: 30% alcohol and water. RESULTS: In vitro growth of MRSA was statistically significantly inhibited in the presence of Bell and nosode 6cH and 30cH compared to controls (p < 0.0001); and with combination of Bell or nosode 6cH and 30cH and oxacillin (p < 0.001). Bell 30cH and nosode 6cH and 30cH significantly decreased bacterial DNAse production (p < 0.001) and reduced red blood cell lysis. CONCLUSIONS: Cultures of MRSA treated with Belladonna or MRSA nosode exhibited reduced growth in vitro, reduced enzymatic activity and became more vulnerable to the action of the antibiotic oxacillin. Further studies are needed on the biomolecular basis of these effects. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia Homeopatia Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos Oxacilina/farmacologia Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Atropa belladonna Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga Quimioterapia Combinada Seres Humanos Materia Medica Resistência a Meticilina Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/fisiologia Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Oxacilina/uso terapêutico [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Infective Agents); 0 (Materia Medica); 0 (Plant Preparations); UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170911 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170911 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170323 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28225917 [Au] Autor: Carvalho JF; Azevedo ÍM; Rocha KB; Medeiros AC; Carriço AD [Ad] Endereço: Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation. [Ti] Título: Oxacillin magnetically targeted for the treatment of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus infection in rats. [So] Source: Acta Cir Bras;32(1):46-55, 2017 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1678-2674 [Cp] País de publicação: Brazil [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Purpose: : To evaluate the effect of oxacillin bonded to magnetic nanoparticles in local infection model in rat. Methods: : Twelve Wistar rats weighing 290±18g were randomly divided into four groups (n=6, each) and all rats had a magnet ring sutured on their right thighs. In the biodistribution group rats 0.1mL of 99mTc-magnetite (0.66 MBq) was injected i.v and after 30 minutes, biodistribution of 99mTc-magnetite was evaluated in right and left thighs. The other groups were inoculated with MRSA in each thigh muscles. Group 1 rats were injected i.v. with magnetite, group 2 with Magnetite + Oxacillin, group 3 with saline twice a day. After 24 hours samples of muscle secretion were harvested for microbiological analysis; muscle, lungs and kidneys for histology. Results: : 99mTc-magnetite uptake was three-fold higher in right thigh muscles (with external magnet) than in the left. In magnetite and oxacillin-magnetite groups, bacterial/CFU was significantly lower in thigh muscles than in saline-controls. The inflammatory reaction in muscles and lungs was significantly lower in oxacillin-magnetite group-rats than in other groups (p<0.001) . Conclusion: : This study confirms the potential antimicrobial activity of magnetic nanoparticles for Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus strains, which in addition to concentrate the antibiotic at the infection site, positively influenced the treatment. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem Nanopartículas de Magnetita/administração & dosagem Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos Oxacilina/administração & dosagem Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Modelos Animais de Doenças Nanopartículas Distribuição Aleatória Ratos Ratos Wistar [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Magnetite Nanoparticles); UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170824 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170824 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170223 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28225903 [Au] Autor: Sued BP; Pereira PM; Faria YV; Ramos JN; Binatti VB; Santos KR; Seabra SH; Hirata R; Vieira VV; Mattos-Guaraldi AL; Pereira JA [Ad] Endereço: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. [Ti] Título: Sphygmomanometers and thermometers as potential fomites of Staphylococcus haemolyticus: biofilm formation in the presence of antibiotics. [So] Source: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz;112(3):188-195, 2017 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1678-8060 [Cp] País de publicação: Brazil [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: The association between Staphylococcus haemolyticus and severe nosocomial infections is increasing. However, the extent to which fomites contribute to the dissemination of this pathogen through patients and hospital wards remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, sphygmomanometers and thermometers were evaluated as potential fomites of oxacillin-resistant S. haemolyticus (ORSH). The influence of oxacillin and vancomycin on biofilm formation by ORSH strains isolated from fomites was also investigated. METHODS: The presence of ORSH on swabs taken from fomite surfaces in a Brazilian hospital was assessed using standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined by the disk diffusion method, and clonal distribution was assessed in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assays. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of oxacillin and vancomycin were evaluated via the broth microdilution method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed to detect the mecA and icaAD genes. ORSH strains grown in media containing 1/4 MIC of vancomycin or oxacillin were investigated for slime production and biofilm formation on glass, polystyrene and polyurethane catheter surfaces. FINDINGS: ORSH strains comprising five distinct PFGE types were isolated from sphygmomanometers (n = 5) and a thermometer (n = 1) used in intensive care units and surgical wards. ORSH strains isolated from fomites showed susceptibility to only linezolid and vancomycin and were characterised as multi-drug resistant (MDR). Slime production, biofilm formation and the survival of sessile bacteria differed and were independent of the presence of the icaAD and mecA genes, PFGE type and subtype. Vancomycin and oxacillin did not inhibit biofilm formation by vancomycin-susceptible ORSH strains on abiotic surfaces, including on the catheter surface. Enhanced biofilm formation was observed in some situations. Moreover, a sub-lethal dose of vancomycin induced biofilm formation by an ORSH strain on polystyrene. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Sphygmomanometers and thermometers are fomites for the transmission of ORSH. A sub-lethal dose of vancomycin may favor biofilm formation by ORSH on fomites and catheter surfaces. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento Fômites/microbiologia Esfigmomanômetros/microbiologia Staphylococcus haemolyticus/fisiologia Termômetros/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado Seres Humanos Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Oxacilina/farmacologia Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Infecções Estafilocócicas/transmissão Staphylococcus haemolyticus/efeitos dos fármacos Staphylococcus haemolyticus/isolamento & purificação Vancomicina/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 6Q205EH1VU (Vancomycin); UH95VD7V76 (Oxacillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170804 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170804 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170223 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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