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[PMID]: 29302038 [Au] Autor: Lucas S; Omata Y; Hofmann J; Böttcher M; Iljazovic A; Sarter K; Albrecht O; Schulz O; Krishnacoumar B; Krönke G; Herrmann M; Mougiakakos D; Strowig T; Schett G; Zaiss MM [Ad] Endereço: Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. [Ti] Título: Short-chain fatty acids regulate systemic bone mass and protect from pathological bone loss. [So] Source: Nat Commun;9(1):55, 2018 01 04. [Is] ISSN: 2041-1723 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Microbial metabolites are known to modulate immune responses of the host. The main metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the intestine, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), affect local and systemic immune functions. Here we show that SCFA are regulators of osteoclast metabolism and bone mass in vivo. Treatment of mice with SCFA as well as feeding with a high-fiber diet significantly increases bone mass and prevents postmenopausal and inflammation-induced bone loss. The protective effects of SCFA on bone mass are associated with inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo, while bone formation is not affected. Mechanistically, propionate (C3) and butyrate (C4) induce metabolic reprogramming of osteoclasts resulting in enhanced glycolysis at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation, thereby downregulating essential osteoclast genes such as TRAF6 and NFATc1. In summary, these data identify SCFA as potent regulators of osteoclast metabolism and bone homeostasis. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Reabsorção Óssea/metabolismo Osso e Ossos/metabolismo Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo Osteoclastos/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos Reabsorção Óssea/prevenção & controle Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos Butiratos/metabolismo Butiratos/farmacologia Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/farmacologia Feminino Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos Glicólise/efeitos dos fármacos Seres Humanos Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Osteoclastos/efeitos dos fármacos Propionatos/metabolismo Propionatos/farmacologia Substâncias Protetoras/metabolismo Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Butyrates); 0 (Dietary Fiber); 0 (Fatty Acids, Volatile); 0 (Propionates); 0 (Protective Agents) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180106 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02490-4

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[PMID]: 28460477 [Au] Autor: Park E; Kim D; Lee SM; Jun HS [Ad] Endereço: Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea. [Ti] Título: Inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor ameliorates Sjögren's syndrome in NOD mice. [So] Source: Oncotarget;8(16):27240-27251, 2017 Apr 18. [Is] ISSN: 1949-2553 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lysophospholipid, is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of LPA/LPA receptor (LPAR) signaling in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We found that autotaxin, an LPA producing enzyme, and LPAR1 and LPAR3 mRNA, and IL-17 mRNA were highly expressed in the exocrine glands of 20-week-old nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, which show SS symptoms at this age, as compared with non-symptomatic 8-week-old NOD mice. In an adoptive transfer model using NOD lymphocytes, treatment with Ki16425, an LPAR1/3 antagonist, restored tear and saliva secretion and decreased symptoms of SS compared with the vehicle-treated group. IL-17 levels in serum and lacrimal glands were also significantly reduced by Ki16425 in recipient mice. In addition, Ki16425 treatment of 20-week-old NOD mice, which spontaneously developed SS, restored saliva volume. Treatment of NOD splenocytes with LPA induced the expression of IL-17 in a dose-dependent manner, and Ki16425 inhibited this increase. LPA stimulated the activation of ROCK2 and p38 MAPK; and inhibition of ROCK2 or p38 MAPK suppressed LPA-induced IL-17 expression. Our data suggest that LPAR signaling stimulates SS development by induction of IL-17 production via ROCK and p38 MAPK pathways. Thus, LPAR inhibition could be a possible therapeutic strategy for SS. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/antagonistas & inibidores Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/metabolismo Síndrome de Sjogren/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Autoanticorpos/sangue Autoanticorpos/imunologia Citocinas/genética Citocinas/metabolismo Modelos Animais de Doenças Feminino Expressão Gênica Imunoterapia Adotiva Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo Interleucina-17/sangue Interleucina-17/metabolismo Isoxazóis/farmacologia Aparelho Lacrimal/imunologia Aparelho Lacrimal/metabolismo Aparelho Lacrimal/patologia Masculino Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/genética Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo Propionatos/farmacologia Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/genética Saliva/metabolismo Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos Síndrome de Sjogren/genética Síndrome de Sjogren/imunologia Síndrome de Sjogren/terapia Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo Quinases Associadas a rho/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (3-(4-(4-((1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)carbonyl amino)-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl) benzylsulfanyl) propanoic acid); 0 (Autoantibodies); 0 (Cytokines); 0 (Inflammation Mediators); 0 (Interleukin-17); 0 (Isoxazoles); 0 (Propionates); 0 (Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid); EC 2.7.11.1 (Rock2 protein, mouse); EC 2.7.11.1 (rho-Associated Kinases); EC 2.7.11.24 (p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases); EC 3.1.4.- (Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases); EC 3.1.4.39 (alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170503 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15916

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[PMID]: 29363966 [Au] Autor: Van den Abbeele P; Taminiau B; Pinheiro I; Duysburgh C; Jacobs H; Pijls L; Marzorati M [Ad] Endereço: ProDigest bvba , Technologiepark 3, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Ti] Título: Arabinoxylo-Oligosaccharides and Inulin Impact Inter-Individual Variation on Microbial Metabolism and Composition, Which Immunomodulates Human Cells. [So] Source: J Agric Food Chem;66(5):1121-1130, 2018 Feb 07. [Is] ISSN: 1520-5118 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Fecal batch fermentations coupled to cocultures of epithelial cells and macrophages were used to compare how arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) and inulin modulate gut microbial activity and composition of three different human donors and subsequently the epithelial permeability and immune response. Both inulin and AXOS decreased the pH during incubation (-1.5 pH units), leading to increased productions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Differences in terms of metabolites production could be linked to specific microbial alterations at genus level upon inulin/AXOS supplementation (i.e., Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella and unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae), as shown by 16S-targeted Illumina sequencing. Both products stimulated gut barrier and immune function with increases in TEER, NF-KB, IL-10, and IL-6. Ingredients with different structures selectively modulate the microbiota of a specific donor leading to differential changes at metabolic level. The extent of this effect is donor specific and is linked to a final specific modulation of the host's immune system. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos Inulina/farmacologia Oligossacarídeos/farmacologia Xilanos/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Acetatos/metabolismo Butiratos/metabolismo Células CACO-2 Fezes/microbiologia Fermentação Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia Seres Humanos Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio Propionatos/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Acetates); 0 (Butyrates); 0 (Oligosaccharides); 0 (Propionates); 0 (Xylans); 9005-80-5 (Inulin); 9040-27-1 (arabinoxylan) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180226 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180226 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180125 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04611

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[PMID]: 29336154 [Au] Autor: Santiago R; López-Malvar A; Souto C; Barros-Ríos J [Ad] Endereço: Departamento Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Unidad Asociada BVE1-UVIGO y Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Universidad de Vigo , Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain. [Ti] Título: Methods for Determining Cell Wall-Bound Phenolics in Maize Stem Tissues. [So] Source: J Agric Food Chem;66(5):1279-1284, 2018 Feb 07. [Is] ISSN: 1520-5118 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: We compared two methods with different sample pretreatment, hydrolysis, and separation procedures to extract cell wall-bound phenolics. The samples were pith and rind tissues from six maize inbred lines reportedly containing different levels of cell wall-bound phenolics. In method 1, pretreated samples were extracted with a C solid-phase extraction cartridge, and it took 6 days to complete. In method 2, phenolics were extracted from crude samples with ethyl acetate, it took 2 days to complete, and the cost per sample was reduced more than 60%. Both methods extracted more 4-coumarate than ferulate. Overall, method 1 yielded more 4-coumarate, while method 2 yielded more ferulate. The lack of a genotype × method interaction and significant correlations between the results obtained using the two methods indicate that both methods are reliable for use in large-scale plant breeding programs. Method 2, scaled, is proposed for general plant biology research. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Parede Celular/metabolismo Fenóis/análise Fenóis/metabolismo Caules de Planta/química Zea mays/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Cruzamento Parede Celular/química Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão Ácidos Cumáricos/análise Esterificação Genótipo Hidrólise Propionatos/análise Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos Zea mays/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Coumaric Acids); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Propionates); AVM951ZWST (ferulic acid); IBS9D1EU3J (trans-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180226 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180226 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180117 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05752

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[PMID]: 29175483 [Au] Autor: White DP; Baumgarner BL; Watanabe WO; Alam MS; Kinsey ST [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403-5915, United States. Electronic address: dpwhite4@illinois.edu. [Ti] Título: The effects of dietary ß-guanidinopropionic acid on growth and muscle fiber development in juvenile red porgy, Pagrus pagrus. [So] Source: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol;216:48-58, 2018 Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1879-1107 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: ß-guanidinopropionic acid (ß-GPA) has been used in mammalian models to reduce intracellular phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration, which in turn lowers the energetic state of cells. This leads to changes in signaling pathways that attempt to re-establish energetic homeostasis. Changes in those pathways elicit effects similar to those of exercise such as changes in body and muscle growth, metabolism, endurance and health. Generally, exercise effects are beneficial to fish health and aquaculture, but inducing exercise in fishes can be impractical. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential use of supplemental ß-GPA to induce exercise-like effects in a rapidly growing juvenile teleost, the red porgy (Pagrus pagrus). We demonstrate for the first time that ß-GPA can be transported into teleost muscle fibers and is phosphorylated, and that this perturbs the intracellular energetic state of the cells, although to a lesser degree than typically seen in mammals. ß-GPA did not affect whole animal growth, nor did it influence skeletal muscle fiber size or myonuclear recruitment. There was, however, an increase in mitochondrial volume within myofibers in treated fish. GC/MS metabolomic analysis revealed shifts in amino acid composition of the musculature, putatively reflecting increases in connective tissue and decreases in protein synthesis that are associated with ß-GPA treatment. These results suggest that ß-GPA modestly affects fish muscle in a manner similar to that observed in mammals, and that ß-GPA may have application to aquaculture by providing a more practical means of generating some of the beneficial effects of exercise in fishes. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Suplementos Nutricionais Guanidinas/farmacologia Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo Propionatos/farmacologia Dourada/crescimento & desenvolvimento [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Guanidines); 0 (Propionates); UL1984YRKA (guanidinopropionic acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180210 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180210 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171128 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29236389 [Au] Autor: Holota YV; Holubenko OO; Ostapchuk AM; Serhiychuk TM; Zakordonets LV; Tolstanova GM [Ti] Título: Fecal short-chain fatty acids at different time points after ceftriaxone administration in rats. [So] Source: Ukr Biochem J;89(1):50-8, 2017 Jan-Feb. [Is] ISSN: 2409-4943 [Cp] País de publicação: Ukraine [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major products of the microbial fermentation of dietary fiber in the colon. Recent studies suggest that these products of microbial metabolism in the gut act as signaling molecules, influence host energy homeostasis and play major immunological roles. In the present study, defined the long-term effects of ceftriaxone administration on the fecal SCFAs concentration in Wistar rats. Ceftriaxone (300 mg/kg, i.m.) was administered daily for 14 days. Rats were euthanized in 1, 15 and 56 days after ceftriaxone withdrawal. Caecal weight and fecal concentration of SCFAs by gas chromatography were measured. Ceftriaxone administration induced time-dependent rats' caecal enlargement through accumulation of undigestable substances. In 1 day after ceftriaxone withdrawal, the concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric acids and total SCFAs were decreased 2.9-, 13.8-, 8.5-, 4.8-fold (P < 0.05), respectively. Concentration of valeric, isovaleric and caproic acids was below the detectable level. That was accompanied by decreased 4.3-fold anaerobic index and increased the relative amount of acetic acid (P < 0.05). In 56 days, concentration of SCFAs was still below control value but higher than in 1 day (except propionic acid). Anaerobic index was lower 1.3-fold (P < 0.05) vs. control. Conclusion: antibiotic therapy induced long-term disturbance in colonic microbiota metabolic activity. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Ceftriaxona/farmacologia Colo/efeitos dos fármacos Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo Fezes/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Ácido Acético/metabolismo Animais Butiratos/metabolismo Caproatos/metabolismo Colo/metabolismo Esquema de Medicação Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/antagonistas & inibidores Injeções Intramusculares Masculino Ácidos Pentanoicos/metabolismo Propionatos/metabolismo Ratos Ratos Wistar Fatores de Tempo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Butyrates); 0 (Caproates); 0 (Fatty Acids, Volatile); 0 (Pentanoic Acids); 0 (Propionates); 1BR7X184L5 (isovaleric acid); 1F8SN134MX (hexanoic acid); 75J73V1629 (Ceftriaxone); GZK92PJM7B (n-pentanoic acid); JHU490RVYR (propionic acid); Q40Q9N063P (Acetic Acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171214 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.15407/ubj89.01.050

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[PMID]: 28585343 [Au] Autor: Yuan XJ; Wen AY; Wang J; Desta ST; Dong ZH; Shao T [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. [Ti] Título: Effects of four short-chain fatty acids or salts on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. [So] Source: J Sci Food Agric;98(1):328-335, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1097-0010 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of four chemicals on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. Wilted alfalfa was ensiled without additive (control), or with formic acid (FA), potassium diformate (KDF), sodium diacetate (SDA) or calcium propionate (CAP). RESULTS: After 60 days of ensiling, the pH values in FA, KDF and SDA silages were lower (P < 0.05) compared to that of control and CAP silages, and chemicals (P < 0.05) decreased butyric acid and ammonia N concentrations and populations of aerobic bacteria and yeasts compared to the control. The SDA and CAP silages had a higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid bacteria content compared to the FA and KDF silages. The SDA and CAP silages had higher (P < 0.05) acetic and propionic acid contents compared to the other silages, respectively. The ammonia N concentrations in the FA and KDF silages were lower compared to the other silages during the first 5 days of aerobic exposure, and then increased sharply to 105 and 100 g kg total N, respectively, which was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the SDA and CAP silages on day 9 of aerobic exposure. Yeasts and aerobic bacteria counts in SDA silage slowly increased and remained at lower levels compared to the other silages after 7 days of aerobic exposure. CONCLUSION: Additives prolonged the aerobic stability duration compared to the control, and the SDA and CAP silages remained stable for more than 216 h, followed by the KDF and FA silages (202 and 196 h, respectively). © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo Lactobacillus/metabolismo Medicago sativa/microbiologia Sais/metabolismo Silagem/análise [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aerobiose Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/química Fermentação Medicago sativa/química Propionatos/metabolismo Silagem/microbiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Fatty Acids, Volatile); 0 (Propionates); 0 (Salts); 8AI80040KW (calcium propionate); JHU490RVYR (propionic acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171228 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171228 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170607 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8475

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[PMID]: 27779624 [Au] Autor: Frye RE; Rose S; Chacko J; Wynne R; Bennuri SC; Slattery JC; Tippett M; Delhey L; Melnyk S; Kahler SG; MacFabe DF [Ad] Endereço: Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. [Ti] Título: Modulation of mitochondrial function by the microbiome metabolite propionic acid in autism and control cell lines. [So] Source: Transl Psychiatry;6(10):e927, 2016 10 25. [Is] ISSN: 2158-3188 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Propionic acid (PPA) is a ubiquitous short-chain fatty acid, which is a major fermentation product of the enteric microbiome. PPA is a normal intermediate of metabolism and is found in foods, either naturally or as a preservative. PPA and its derivatives have been implicated in both health and disease. Whereas PPA is an energy substrate and has many proposed beneficial effects, it is also associated with human disorders involving mitochondrial dysfunction, including propionic acidemia and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We aimed to investigate the dichotomy between the health and disease effects of PPA by measuring mitochondrial function in ASD and age- and gender-matched control lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) following incubation with PPA at several concentrations and durations both with and without an in vitro increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial function was optimally increased at particular exposure durations and concentrations of PPA with ASD LCLs, demonstrating a greater enhancement. In contrast, increasing ROS negated the positive PPA effect with the ASD LCLs, showing a greater detriment. These data demonstrate that enteric microbiome metabolites such as PPA can have both beneficial and toxic effects on mitochondrial function, depending on concentration, exposure duration and microenvironment redox state with these effects amplified in LCLs derived from individuals with ASD. As PPA, as well as enteric bacteria, which produce PPA, have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases, including ASD, diabetes, obesity and inflammatory diseases, insight into this metabolic modulator from the host microbiome may have wide applications for both health and disease. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Transtorno do Espectro Autista/fisiopatologia Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia Mitocôndrias/fisiologia Doenças Mitocondriais/fisiopatologia Propionatos/metabolismo Acidemia Propiônica/fisiopatologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Estudos de Casos e Controles Linhagem Celular Criança Seres Humanos Masculino [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Propionates); JHU490RVYR (propionic acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171227 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171227 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161026 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.189

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[PMID]: 27773823 [Au] Autor: Iannucci LF; Sun J; Singh BK; Zhou J; Kaddai VA; Lanni A; Yen PM; Sinha RA [Ad] Endereço: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy. [Ti] Título: Short chain fatty acids induce UCP2-mediated autophagy in hepatic cells. [So] Source: Biochem Biophys Res Commun;480(3):461-467, 2016 Nov 18. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2104 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbial fermentation products derived from dietary fiber sources. Although depletion of gut microflora has been linked to the development of liver disease, the direct effects of SCFAs on intracellular hepatic processes are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the SCFAs, propionate and butyrate, regulated autophagic flux in hepatic cells in a cell-autonomous manner. Induction of autophagy by SCFAs required PPARγ stimulation of Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) expression that was associated with reduced intracellular ATP levels and activation of PRKAA1/AMPK (protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit). In addition, elimination of gut flora by chronic antibiotic treatment diminished basal hepatic autophagy in mice suggesting that gut microbiota can regulate hepatic autophagy. These findings provide novel insights into the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids, and hepatic autophagic signaling. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Autofagia/fisiologia Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia Hepatócitos/citologia Hepatócitos/metabolismo Proteína Desacopladora 2/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Butiratos/metabolismo Linhagem Celular Células Cultivadas Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo Masculino Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Propionatos/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Butyrates); 0 (Fatty Acids); 0 (Propionates); 0 (Uncoupling Protein 2) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1705 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171127 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171127 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161106 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28927478 [Au] Autor: Wang M; Wang R; Zhang X; Ungerfeld EM; Long D; Mao H; Jiao J; Beauchemin KA; Tan Z [Ad] Endereço: 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,The Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,People's Republic of China. [Ti] Título: Molecular hydrogen generated by elemental magnesium supplementation alters rumen fermentation and microbiota in goats. [So] Source: Br J Nutr;118(6):401-410, 2017 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1475-2662 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: We tested the hypotheses that supplementation of a diet with elemental Mg increases ruminal dissolved H2 (dH2) in rumen fluid, which in turn alters rumen fermentation and microbial community in goats. In a randomised block design, twenty growing goats were allocated to two treatments fed the same basal diet with 1·45 % Mg(OH)2 or 0·6 % elemental Mg. After 28 d of adaptation, we collected total faeces to measure total tract digestibility, rumen contents to analyse fermentation end products and microbial groups, and measured methane (CH4) emission using respiration chambers. Ruminal Mg2+ concentration was similar in both treatments. Elemental Mg supplementation increased dH2 at 2·5 h post morning feeding (+180 %, P<0·001). Elemental Mg supplementation decreased total volatile fatty acid concentration (-8·6 %, P<0·001), the acetate:propionate ratio (-11·8 %, P<0·03) and fungal copy numbers (-63·6 %, P=0·006), and increased propionate molar percentage (+11·6 %, P<0·001), methanogen copy numbers (+47·9 %, P<0·001), dissolved CH4 (+35·6 %, P<0·001) and CH4 emissions (+11·7 %, P=0·03), compared with Mg(OH)2 supplementation. The bacterial community composition in both treatments was overall similar. Ruminal dH2 was negatively correlated with acetate molar percentage and fungal copy numbers (P<0·05), and positively correlated with propionate molar percentage and methanogen copy numbers (P<0·05). In summary, elemental Mg supplementation increased ruminal dH2 concentration, which inhibited rumen fermentation, enhanced methanogenesis and seemed to shift fermentation pathways from acetate to propionate, and altered microbiota by decreasing fungi and increasing methanogens. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Dieta/veterinária Microbioma Gastrointestinal Hidrogênio/metabolismo Magnésio/administração & dosagem Rúmen/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Acetatos/metabolismo Ração Animal/análise Animais Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo Suplementos Nutricionais Digestão Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo Fermentação Cabras Masculino Metano/metabolismo Propionatos/metabolismo Rúmen/microbiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Acetates); 0 (Fatty Acids, Volatile); 0 (Propionates); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 7YNJ3PO35Z (Hydrogen); I38ZP9992A (Magnesium); OP0UW79H66 (Methane) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171011 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171011 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170921 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517002161

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