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[PMID]: 28554639 [Au] Autor: Esimbekova EN; Asanova AA; Deeva AA; Kratasyuk VA [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia. Electronic address: esimbekova@yandex.ru. [Ti] Título: Inhibition effect of food preservatives on endoproteinases. [So] Source: Food Chem;235:294-297, 2017 Nov 15. [Is] ISSN: 0308-8146 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The present manuscript proposes a novel approach to assess the impact of food additives on human metabolism by analysing their effect on biomarker enzyme activity. Alterations in the activity of pancreatic enzymes, such as chymotrypsin and trypsin, which are affected by the most common food preservatives, sodium benzoate (E211), potassium sorbate (E202) and sorbic acid (E200), have been evaluated. The proteinase activity was analysed with a bioluminescent method using the light intensity decay constant. Our study revealed that the preservatives reduce proteinase activity by 50% (EC ) at a much lower concentration than their acceptable daily intake (ADI). Thus, sodium benzoate and sorbic acid have an inhibition effect on chymotrypsin at concentrations 14 times lower and 70 times lower than their ADI and this increases with exposure time. Food preservative consumption impacts negatively on protein digestion, which is especially dangerous for patients with pancreatitis. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Proteínas na Dieta/metabolismo Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Seres Humanos Benzoato de Sódio/efeitos adversos Ácido Sórbico/efeitos adversos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Dietary Proteins); 0 (Food Preservatives); OJ245FE5EU (Sodium Benzoate); X045WJ989B (Sorbic Acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170808 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170808 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170531 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27794247 [Au] Autor: Garnier L; Valence F; Pawtowski A; Auhustsinava-Galerne L; Frotté N; Baroncelli R; Deniel F; Coton E; Mounier J [Ad] Endereço: Université de Brest, EA 3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France; STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, 35000 Rennes, France. Electronic address: lucille.garnier@univ-brest.fr. [Ti] Título: Diversity of spoilage fungi associated with various French dairy products. [So] Source: Int J Food Microbiol;241:191-197, 2017 Jan 16. [Is] ISSN: 1879-3460 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Yeasts and molds are responsible for dairy product spoilage, resulting in significant food waste and economic losses. Yet, few studies have investigated the diversity of spoilage fungi encountered in dairy products. In the present study, 175 isolates corresponding to 105 from various spoiled dairy products and 70 originating from dairy production environments, were identified using sequencing of the ITS region, the partial ß-tubulin, calmodulin and/or EFα genes, and the D1-D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene for filamentous fungi and yeasts, respectively. Among the 41 species found in spoiled products, Penicillium commune and Penicillium bialowiezense were the most common filamentous fungi, representing around 10% each of total isolates while Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Trichosporon asahii were the most common yeasts (4.8% each of total isolates). Several species (e.g. Penicillium antarcticum, Penicillium salamii and Cladosporium phyllophilum) were identified for the first time in dairy products or their environment. In addition, numerous species were identified in both spoiled products and their corresponding dairy production environment suggesting that the latter acts as a primary source of contamination. Secondly, the resistance to chemical preservatives (sodium benzoate, calcium propionate, potassium sorbate and natamycin) of 10 fungal isolates representative of the observed biodiversity was also evaluated. Independently of the fungal species, natamycin had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (expressed in gram of preservative/l), followed by potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and calcium propionate. In the tested conditions, Cladosporium halotolerans and Didymella pinodella were the most sensitive fungi while Yarrowia lipolytica and Candida parapsilosis were the most resistant towards the tested preservatives. This study provides interesting information on the occurrence of fungal contaminants in dairy products and environments that may help developing adequate strategies for fungal spoilage control. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Laticínios/microbiologia Fungos/isolamento & purificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Biodiversidade Contagem de Colônia Microbiana Contaminação de Alimentos/análise Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacologia Fungos/classificação Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos Fungos/genética Benzoato de Sódio/farmacologia Ácido Sórbico/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Food Preservatives); OJ245FE5EU (Sodium Benzoate); X045WJ989B (Sorbic Acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1703 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170917 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170917 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161030 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28229641 [Au] Autor: Raposa B; Pónusz R; Gerencsér G; Budán F; Gyöngyi Z; Tibold A; Hegyi D; Kiss I; Koller Á; Varjas T [Ad] Endereço: 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary. [Ti] Título: Food additives: Sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, azorubine, and tartrazine modify the expression of NFκB, GADD45α, and MAPK8 genes. [So] Source: Physiol Int;103(3):334-343, 2016 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 2498-602X [Cp] País de publicação: Hungary [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: It has been reported that some of the food additives may cause sensitization, inflammation of tissues, and potentially risk factors in the development of several chronic diseases. Thus, we hypothesized that expressions of common inflammatory molecules - known to be involved in the development of various inflammatory conditions and cancers - are affected by these food additives. We investigated the effects of commonly used food preservatives and artificial food colorants based on the expressions of NFκB, GADD45α, and MAPK8 (JNK1) from the tissues of liver. RNA was isolated based on Trizol protocol and the activation levels were compared between the treated and the control groups. Tartrazine alone could elicit effects on the expressions of NFκB (p = 0.013) and MAPK8 (p = 0.022). Azorubine also resulted in apoptosis according to MAPK8 expression (p = 0.009). Preservatives were anti-apoptotic in high dose. Sodium benzoate (from low to high doses) dose-dependently silenced MAPK8 expression (p = 0.004 to p = 0.002). Addition of the two preservatives together elicited significantly greater expression of MAPK8 at half-fold dose (p = 0.002) and at fivefold dose (p = 0.008). This study suggests that some of the food preservatives and colorants can contribute to the activation of inflammatory pathways. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética Aditivos Alimentares/farmacologia Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos Proteína Quinase 8 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética NF-kappa B/genética Proteínas Nucleares/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo Feminino Corantes de Alimentos/farmacologia Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacologia Masculino Camundongos Proteína Quinase 8 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo NF-kappa B/metabolismo Naftalenossulfonatos/farmacologia Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo Benzoato de Sódio/farmacologia Ácido Sórbico/farmacologia Tartrazina/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins); 0 (Food Additives); 0 (Food Coloring Agents); 0 (Food Preservatives); 0 (Gadd45a protein, mouse); 0 (NF-kappa B); 0 (Naphthalenesulfonates); 0 (Nuclear Proteins); DR4641L47F (azo rubin S); EC 2.7.11.24 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8); I753WB2F1M (Tartrazine); OJ245FE5EU (Sodium Benzoate); X045WJ989B (Sorbic Acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1706 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170612 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170612 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170224 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.3.6

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[PMID]: 27611715 [Au] Autor: Rezaei N; Amirghofran Z; Nikseresht A; Ashjazade N; Zoghi S; Tahvili S; Kamali-Sarvestani E [Ad] Endereço: a Immunology Department , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran. [Ti] Título: In Vitro Effects of Sodium Benzoate on Th1/Th2 Deviation in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. [So] Source: Immunol Invest;45(7):679-91, 2016 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1532-4311 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Interleukin 4 (IL-4) can improve the clinical manifestations in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Sodium benzoate (NaB) deviates the cytokine profile to Th2 (or IL-4 producing) cells in EAE and thus might be effective in the treatment of MS. Therefore, in this study the effect of different concentrations of NaB on the percentage and mRNA levels of IL-4 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 20 Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) patients and eight healthy controls was evaluated in the presence of mitogen (phytohemagglutinin, PHA) or specific antigen (myelin basic protein, MBP). Our results showed that in the patient's group the percentage of CD4(+)IL-4(+) cells was significantly increased in the presence of all concentrations of NaB when PBMCs were stimulated by MBP (p = 0.001) or PHA (p < 0.03). The same results were obtained for normal donors in the highest concentration of NaB, 1000 µg/ml (p = 0.02). Moreover, in the patient's group the percentage of CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) cells was decreased significantly when the PBMCs were stimulated by PHA and NaB (p < 0.004) or by MBP and 1000 µg/ml of NaB (p < 0.03). The effect of NaB on IL-4 and IFN-γ production was also documented at the mRNA levels. In conclusion, our data suggest that NaB is able to induce IL-4 production by human PBMCs and therefore might be a useful candidate for conjunctive therapy in RR-MS. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/tratamento farmacológico Benzoato de Sódio/farmacologia Células Th1/efeitos dos fármacos Equilíbrio Th1-Th2 Células Th2/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Células Cultivadas Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos Seres Humanos Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico Interferon gama/genética Interferon gama/metabolismo Interleucina-4/genética Interleucina-4/metabolismo Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia Masculino Meia-Idade Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/imunologia Proteína Básica da Mielina/imunologia Benzoato de Sódio/uso terapêutico Células Th1/imunologia Equilíbrio Th1-Th2/efeitos dos fármacos Células Th2/imunologia Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Immunologic Factors); 0 (Myelin Basic Protein); 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4); 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma); OJ245FE5EU (Sodium Benzoate) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1703 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170315 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170315 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160910 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1208216

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[PMID]: 27605008 [Au] Autor: Kundu M; Mondal S; Roy A; Martinson JL; Pahan K [Ad] Endereço: Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612. [Ti] Título: Sodium Benzoate, a Food Additive and a Metabolite of Cinnamon, Enriches Regulatory T Cells via STAT6-Mediated Upregulation of TGF-ß. [So] Source: J Immunol;197(8):3099-3110, 2016 Oct 15. [Is] ISSN: 1550-6606 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Upregulation and/or maintenance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) during autoimmune insults may have therapeutic efficacy in autoimmune diseases. Earlier we have reported that sodium benzoate (NaB), a metabolite of cinnamon and a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug against urea cycle disorders, upregulates Tregs and protects mice from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. However, mechanisms by which NaB increases Tregs are poorly understood. Because TGF-ß is an important inducer of Tregs, we examined the effect of NaB on the status of TGF-ß. In this study, we demonstrated that NaB induced the expression of TGF-ß mRNA and protein in normal as well as proteolipid protein-primed splenocytes. The presence of a consensus STAT6 binding site in the promoter of the TGF-ß gene, activation of STAT6 in splenocytes by NaB, recruitment of STAT6 to the TGF-ß promoter by NaB, and abrogation of NaB-induced expression of TGF-ß in splenocytes by small interfering RNA knockdown of STAT6 suggest that NaB induces the expression of TGF-ß via activation of STAT6. Furthermore, we demonstrated that blocking of TGF-ß by neutralizing Abs abrogated NaB-mediated protection of Tregs and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. These studies identify a new function of NaB in upregulating TGF-ß via activation of STAT6, which may be beneficial in MS patients. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/imunologia Conservantes de Alimentos/uso terapêutico Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia Fator de Transcrição STAT6/metabolismo Benzoato de Sódio/uso terapêutico Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Anticorpos Bloqueadores/administração & dosagem Células Cultivadas Cinnamomum zeylanicum/metabolismo Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/terapia Feminino Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo Seres Humanos Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Camundongos Transgênicos Esclerose Múltipla/terapia Proteína Proteolipídica de Mielina/imunologia Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética Fator de Transcrição STAT6/genética Benzoato de Sódio/metabolismo Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética Regulação para Cima [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antibodies, Blocking); 0 (Food Preservatives); 0 (Forkhead Transcription Factors); 0 (Foxp3 protein, mouse); 0 (Myelin Proteolipid Protein); 0 (Peptide Fragments); 0 (STAT6 Transcription Factor); 0 (Stat6 protein, mouse); 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta); 0 (myelin proteolipid protein (139-151)); OJ245FE5EU (Sodium Benzoate) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171015 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171015 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160909 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27538463 [Au] Autor: Unsinn C; Das A; Valayannopoulos V; Thimm E; Beblo S; Burlina A; Konstantopoulou V; Mayorandan S; de Lonlay P; Rennecke J; Derbinski J; Hoffmann GF; Häberle J [Ad] Endereço: Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland. [Ti] Título: Clinical course of 63 patients with neonatal onset urea cycle disorders in the years 2001-2013. [So] Source: Orphanet J Rare Dis;11(1):116, 2016 08 19. [Is] ISSN: 1750-1172 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are rare inherited metabolic defects of ammonia detoxification. In about half of patients presenting with a UCD, the first symptoms appear within a few days after birth. These neonatal onset patients generally have a severe defect of urea cycle function and their survival and outcome prognoses are often limited. To understand better the current situation of neonatal onset in UCDs, we have performed a multicentre, retrospective, non-interventional case series study focussing on the most severe UCDs, namely defects of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), and argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Data of 63 patients were collected (27 patients with ASS deficiency, 23 patients with OTC deficiency, and 12 patients with CPS1 deficiency, one patient definite diagnosis not documented). The majority of patients (43/63, 68 %) had an initial ammonia concentration exceeding 500 µmol/L (normal < 100), of which most (26/43, 60.5 %) were also encephalopathic and were treated with hemodialysis. In patients surviving the initial crisis, recurrence of hyperammonemic events within the first 1.5 years of life occurred frequently (mean 3.6 events, range 0-20). Of all patients, 16 (25.4 %) died during or immediately after the neonatal period. CONCLUSION: We observed in this cohort of neonatal onset UCD patients a high rate of initial life-threatening hyperammonemia and a high risk of recurrence of severe hyperammonemic crises. These corresponded to a high mortality rate during the entire study period (30.2 %) despite the fact that patients were treated in leading European metabolic centers. This underlines the need to critically re-evaluate the current treatment strategies in these patients. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Hiperamonemia/patologia Distúrbios Congênitos do Ciclo da Ureia/patologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Arginina/uso terapêutico Pré-Escolar Feminino Seres Humanos Hiperamonemia/tratamento farmacológico Hiperamonemia/mortalidade Hiperamonemia/cirurgia Lactente Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier Transplante de Fígado Masculino Doença da Deficiência de Ornitina Carbomoiltransferase/tratamento farmacológico Doença da Deficiência de Ornitina Carbomoiltransferase/mortalidade Doença da Deficiência de Ornitina Carbomoiltransferase/patologia Doença da Deficiência de Ornitina Carbomoiltransferase/cirurgia Prognóstico Estudos Retrospectivos Benzoato de Sódio/uso terapêutico Distúrbios Congênitos do Ciclo da Ureia/tratamento farmacológico Distúrbios Congênitos do Ciclo da Ureia/mortalidade Distúrbios Congênitos do Ciclo da Ureia/cirurgia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; MULTICENTER STUDY [Nm] Nome de substância: 94ZLA3W45F (Arginine); OJ245FE5EU (Sodium Benzoate) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171107 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171107 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160820 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0493-0

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[PMID]: 27497899 [Au] Autor: Weiss K; Kroschewski B; Auerbach H [Ad] Endereço: Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: kirsten.weiss@agrar.hu-berlin.de. [Ti] Título: Effects of air exposure, temperature and additives on fermentation characteristics, yeast count, aerobic stability and volatile organic compounds in corn silage. [So] Source: J Dairy Sci;99(10):8053-8069, 2016 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1525-3198 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Ensiling conditions strongly influence fermentation characteristics, yeast count, and aerobic stability. Numerous volatile organic compounds including esters are produced, which may negatively affect feed intake and animal performance and air quality. In addition to a farm survey, 3 laboratory experiments were carried out to study the effects of air (by delayed sealing or by air infiltration during anaerobic storage), temperature (20 and 35°C), and various types of additives [blends of either sodium benzoate and sodium propionate (SBSP) or of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate (SBPS); buffered mixture of formic and propionic acids (FAPA); homofermentative inoculant (LAB)]. After additive treatment, chopped whole corn plants were packed into 1.5-L glass jars and stored for several months. For treatments with air infiltration, glass jars with holes in the lid and body were used. The farm survey in 2009 revealed large variation in lactate, acetate, ethanol, n-propanol, and 1,2-propanediol concentrations. Whereas ethyl esters were detected in all silages, the mean ethyl lactate concentrations were higher than those for ethyl acetate (474 vs. 38mg/kg of dry matter). In the ensiling experiments, few unequivocal effects of the tested factors on the analyzed parameters were observed due to many interactions. Delayed ensiling without additives decreased lactic acid production but, in one trial, increased acetic acid and had no effect on ethanol. The effect of delayed sealing on yeast counts and aerobic stability differed widely among experiments. Air infiltration during fermentation tested in one trial did not alter lactic acid production, but resulted in more acetic acid in delayed and more ethanol than in promptly sealed untreated silages. Greater ethanol production was associated with increased yeast numbers. Storage at high temperature resulted in lower lactic acid and n-propanol, and a trend toward reduced ethanol production was observed. The additive FAPA consistently caused increased ethanol and reduced n-propanol levels with no effect on yeast counts and aerobic stability. When the additives SBSP and SBPS decreased n-propanol and ethanol, reduced yeast counts were also found. Ethyl ester formation was strongly correlated with those of ethanol and to a lesser degree with those of the respective acid. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Ração Animal/análise Silagem/análise Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise Leveduras/metabolismo Zea mays/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: 1-Propanol/análise Acetatos/análise Ração Animal/microbiologia Animais Bovinos Dieta/veterinária Etanol/análise Fermentação Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio Ácido Láctico/análise Modelos Lineares Propionatos/análise Propilenoglicol/análise Silagem/microbiologia Benzoato de Sódio/análise Ácido Sórbico/análise Temperatura Ambiente Zea mays/microbiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Acetates); 0 (Propionates); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); 6DC9Q167V3 (Propylene Glycol); 96F264O9SV (1-Propanol); DK6Y9P42IN (sodium propionate); OJ245FE5EU (Sodium Benzoate); X045WJ989B (Sorbic Acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1705 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160808 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27350430 [Au] Autor: Shimazaki A; Sakamoto JJ; Furuta M; Tsuchido T [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Kansai University. [Ti] Título: Antifungal Activity of Diglycerin Ester of Fatty Acids against Yeasts and Its Comparison with Those of Sucrose Monopalmitate and Sodium Benzoate. [So] Source: Biocontrol Sci;21(2):123-30, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 1884-0205 [Cp] País de publicação: Japan [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The antifungal activities of diglycerin monoester of fatty acids (DGCs), which have been employed as food emulsifiers, were examined against three yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans and Candida utilis and were compared with those of sucrose monoester of palmitic acid (SC16) as another type of emulsifier and sodium benzoate (SB) as a weak acid food preservative. When the minimum growth inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of diglycerin monolaurate (DGC12) against these yeasts were determined 2 d after incubation in YM broth at pH5.0, they were relatively low, being 0.01% (w/v), for both S. cerevisiae and C. utilis, whereas was high, being 4.0% (w/v), for C. albicans. On the contrary, the MICs of sucrose monopalmitate (SC16) were high, being 3.0 and 4.0% (w/v), for the former two yeasts, respectively, but 0.6% (w/v) for the last yeast. In contrast to these emulsifiers, the MICs of sodium benzoate (SB) were similar independently upon the yeast strain, being in order 0.4, 0.3 and 0.5% (w/v), for the above yeasts, respectively. The anti-yeast activities of DGC12 and SC16 were gradually increased with a decrease in pH, in a manner similar to that of SB, except for the action of SC16 on C. albicans, for which the activity was more effective at pHs 5.0 and 6.0 than at pHs 4.0 and 7.0. Among DGCs tested having different fatty acid moieties in the molecule, lauroyl ester (DGC12) was more effective than myristoyl and palmitoyl esters against S. cerevisiae and C. utilis. The inhibitory effect of DGC12 on the yeast growth depended upon both the cell density and the strength of aeration during the treatment. Further, DGC12 was found to kill S. cerevisiae and C. utilis cells at a rather low concentration of 0.005% (w/v) in 50mM acetate buffer at pH5.0, although, against C. albicans cells, only slight fungicidal activity was demonstrated at a high concentration of 0.5% (w/v). The results obtained support the effectiveness of practical application of DGC12 to acidic foods for the control of growth and survival of general yeasts such as S. cerevisiae and C. utilis. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antifúngicos/farmacologia Ésteres/farmacologia Ácidos Graxos Benzoato de Sódio/farmacologia Sacarose/análogos & derivados Leveduras/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Candida/efeitos dos fármacos Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos Sacarose/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Esters); 0 (Fatty Acids); 3OSQ643ZK5 (sucrose monopalmitate); 57-50-1 (Sucrose); OJ245FE5EU (Sodium Benzoate) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1701 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170118 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170118 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160629 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.4265/bio.21.123

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[PMID]: 27312897 [Au] Autor: François B; Armand M; Marie-José D; Thouand G [Ad] Endereço: Université de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, IUT Génie Biologique, La Roche sur Yon, France. [Ti] Título: From laboratory to environmental conditions: a new approach for chemical's biodegradability assessment. [So] Source: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int;23(18):18684-93, 2016 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1614-7499 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: With thousands of organic chemicals released every day into our environment, Europe and other continents are confronted with increased risk of health and environmental problems. Even if a strict regulation such as REgistration, Authorization and restriction of CHemicals (REACH) is imposed and followed by industry to ensure that they prove the harmlessness of their substances, not all testing procedures are designed to cope with the complexity of the environment. This is especially true for the evaluation of persistence through biodegradability assessment guidelines. Our new approach has been to adapt "in the lab" biodegradability assessment to the environmental conditions and model the probability for a biodegradation test to be positive in the form of a logistic function of both the temperature and the viable cell density. Here, a proof of this new concept is proposed with the establishment of tri-dimensional biodegradability profiles of six chemicals (sodium benzoate, 4-nitrophenol, diethylene glycol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, atrazine, and glyphosate) between 4 to 30 °C and 10(4) to 10(8) cells ml(-1) as can be found in environmental compartments in time and space. The results show a significant increase of the predictive power of existing screening lab-scale tests designed for soluble substances. This strategy can be complementary to those current testing strategies with the creation of new indicators to quantify environmental persistence using lab-scale tests. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Biodegradação Ambiental Modelos Teóricos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Atrazina/metabolismo Bactérias/metabolismo Clorofenóis/metabolismo Etilenoglicóis/metabolismo Glicina/análogos & derivados Glicina/metabolismo Laboratórios Nitrofenóis/metabolismo Benzoato de Sódio/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Chlorophenols); 0 (Ethylene Glycols); 0 (Nitrophenols); 32526637PN (2,4,5-trichlorophenol); 4632WW1X5A (glyphosate); 61BR964293 (diethylene glycol); OJ245FE5EU (Sodium Benzoate); QJA9M5H4IM (Atrazine); TE7660XO1C (Glycine); Y92ZL45L4R (4-nitrophenol) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1703 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171103 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171103 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160618 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7062-x

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MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27040754 [Au] Autor: Sekijima H; Ehara J; Hanabata Y; Suzuki T; Kimura S; Lee VH; Morimoto Y; Ueda H [Ad] Endereço: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University. [Ti] Título: Characterization of Ocular Iontophoretic Drug Transport of Ionic and Non-ionic Compounds in Isolated Rabbit Cornea and Conjunctiva. [So] Source: Biol Pharm Bull;39(6):959-68, 2016 Jun 01. [Is] ISSN: 1347-5215 [Cp] País de publicação: Japan [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Ocular iontophoresis (IP) in isolated rabbit cornea and conjunctiva was examined in terms of transport enhancement, tissue viability and integrity using electrophysiological parameters by the Ussing-type chamber technique. Lidocaine hydrochloride (LC, a cationic compound), sodium benzoate (BA, anionic compound), and fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran (molecular weight 4400 Da, FD-4, hydrophilic large compound) were used as model permeants. Direct electric current was applied at 0.5-5.0 mA/cm(2) for the cornea and 0.5-20 mA/cm(2) for the conjunctiva for 30 min. LC and BA fluxes across the cornea and conjunctiva were significantly increased by the application of electric current up to 2.3- and 2.5-fold and 4.0- and 3.4-fold, respectively, and returned to their baseline level on stopping the current. Furthermore, a much higher increase by IP application was obtained for the FD-4 transport. The increased FD-4 flux in the conjunctiva returned to baseline on stopping the current, whereas the flux in the cornea was sustained at a higher level after stopping the current. The transepithelial electric resistance of the cornea and conjunctiva was lowered by electric current application but fully recovered after stopping the current up to 2.0 mA/cm(2) for the cornea and 10 mA/cm(2) for the conjunctiva, suggesting that the corneal and conjunctival viability and integrity are maintained even after application of these current densities. These results indicate that ocular IP may be a useful non-invasive technique to achieve drug delivery of hydrophilic large molecules into the eyes. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Túnica Conjuntiva/metabolismo Córnea/metabolismo Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos Iontoforese [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Transporte Biológico Dextranos/administração & dosagem Dextranos/farmacocinética Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato/administração & dosagem Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato/análogos & derivados Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato/farmacocinética Lidocaína/administração & dosagem Lidocaína/farmacocinética Masculino Permeabilidade Coelhos Benzoato de Sódio/administração & dosagem Benzoato de Sódio/farmacocinética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Dextrans); 0 (fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran); 98PI200987 (Lidocaine); I223NX31W9 (Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate); OJ245FE5EU (Sodium Benzoate) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1702 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170201 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170201 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160405 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00932

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