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[PMID]: 29412476 [Au] Autor: Bakela K; Dimakopoulou M; Batsou P; Manidakis N; Athanassakis I [Ad] Endereço: Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. [Ti] Título: Soluble MHC class II-driven therapy for a systemic lupus erythematosus murine experimental in vitro and in vivo model. [So] Source: Scand J Immunol;87(3), 2018 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1365-3083 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Taking into consideration the multiparametric nature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the severity and variability of symptoms and the lack of effective therapeutic approaches, this study took advantage of the recently described role of soluble major histocompatibility complex class II (sMHCII) molecules in maintaining tolerance to the organism and attempted to apply sMHCII proteins as a treatment to murine SLE experimental models in vitro as well as in vivo. After breaking tolerance to DNA in vitro, which was accompanied by development of specific anti-dsDNA antibodies, syngeneic or allogeneic sMHCII molecules, purified from healthy mouse serum, could significantly reduce the specific antibody levels and drive the system towards immunosuppression, as assessed by specific marker analysis on T cells and cytokine production by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. The in vivo experimental model consisted of pristane-induced SLE symptoms to BALB/c mice, which developed maximal levels of anti-dsDNA 2 months after pristane inoculation. Syngeneic or allogeneic sMHCII administration could alleviate pristane-induced symptoms, significantly decrease specific anti-dsDNA antibody production and develop immunosuppression to the host, as manifested by increase of CD4 + CTLA-4 +  and CD4 + CD25 +  cell populations in the spleen. Thus, the results presented in this study introduced the ability of sMHCII proteins to suppress specific autoantigen response, opening new areas of research and offering novel therapeutic approaches to SLE with expanding features to other autoimmune diseases. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anticorpos Antinucleares/imunologia Autoantígenos/imunologia Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/imunologia Tolerância Imunológica/imunologia Imunoterapia/métodos Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/terapia Linfócitos T/imunologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Antígenos CD4/metabolismo Antígeno CTLA-4/metabolismo Células Cultivadas DNA/imunologia Modelos Animais de Doenças Imunossupressão Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/induzido quimicamente Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C Baço/citologia Baço/imunologia Terpenos/efeitos adversos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antibodies, Antinuclear); 0 (Autoantigens); 0 (CD4 Antigens); 0 (CTLA-4 Antigen); 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class II); 0 (Il2ra protein, mouse); 0 (Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit); 0 (Terpenes); 26HZV48DT1 (pristane); 9007-49-2 (DNA) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180208 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1111/sji.12644

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[PMID]: 29367489 [Au] Autor: Ogura T; Sato T; Abe M; Okano T [Ad] Endereço: Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation. [Ti] Título: Small Angle X-ray Scattering and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Study on Fragrance Infused Cationic Vesicles Modeling Scent-Releasing Fabric Softeners. [So] Source: J Oleo Sci;67(2):177-186, 2018 Feb 01. [Is] ISSN: 1347-3352 [Cp] País de publicação: Japan [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Industrially relevant systems for household and personal-care products often involve a large number of components. Such multiple component formulations are indispensable and effective for functionalization of the products, but may simultaneously provide more complex structural features compared to those in ideal systems comprising a smaller number of highly pure substances. Using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, we have investigated effects of fragrance-incorporation into cationic vesicles on their bilayer structures and membrane-membrane interactions. Cationic vesicles were prepared from TEQ surfactant, whose major component was di(alkyl fatty ester) quaternary ammonium methosulfate, and fragrance components, l-menthol, linalool, and d-limonene, were infused into the vesicle membranes to model scent-releasing fabric softeners. The cryo-TEM images confirm formation of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). Generalized indirect Fourier transformation (GIFT) analysis of the SAXS intensities based on the modified Caillé structure factor model reveals that incorporation of a more hydrophobic fragrance component leads to a more pronounced increase of the surface separation (water layer thickness). Furthermore, the fragrance-infused systems show longer-range order of the bilayer correlations and enhanced undulation fluctuation of the membranes than those in the TEQ alone system. The spin-label ESR results indicate different restricted molecular motions in the TEQ bilayers depending on the labeled position and their marked changes upon addition of the fragrance components, suggesting different mixing schemes and solubilization positions of the fragrance molecules in the TEQ bilayers. The present data have demonstrated how the infused fragrance molecules having different hydrophobicity and molecular architectures into the cationic vesicles affect the membrane structures and the intermembrane interactions, which may provide useful information for precisely controlling a fragrance-releasing property. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cicloexenos/química Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica Mentol/química Monoterpenos/química Odorantes Espalhamento a Baixo Ângulo Terpenos/química Difração de Raios X [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Cátions Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas Bicamadas Lipídicas Membranas Artificiais Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão Compostos Orgânicos/química Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cations); 0 (Cyclohexenes); 0 (Lipid Bilayers); 0 (Membranes, Artificial); 0 (Monoterpenes); 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds); 0 (Terpenes); 0 (fabric softeners); 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 9MC3I34447 (limonene); D81QY6I88E (linalool) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180126 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17186

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[PMID]: 28455256 [Au] Autor: Kim JH; Cho CW; Kim HY; Kim KT; Choi GS; Kim HH; Cho IS; Kwon SJ; Choi SK; Yoon JY; Yang SY; Kang JS; Kim YH [Ad] Endereço: College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Horticultural and Crop Environment, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea; Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research I [Ti] Título: α-Glucosidase inhibition by prenylated and lavandulyl compounds from Sophora flavescens roots and in silico analysis. [So] Source: Int J Biol Macromol;102:960-969, 2017 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1879-0003 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The enzyme α-glucosidase is a good drug target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Four minor flavonoids (1-4) from roots of Sophora flavescens showed the inhibitory activity, with IC values ranging from 11.0±0.3 to 50.6±1.3µM, toward α-glucosidase. An enzyme kinetics analysis of them revealed that the compounds 1 and 4 were non-competitive, and compounds 2 and 3 were un-competitive inhibitors. For molecular docking, 3-dimensional structure of α-glucosidase was built by homology modeling. As the result, four compounds 1-4 were confirmed to interact into common binding site of α-glucosidase. In addition, all of the four prenylated and lavandulyl compounds (1-4) were abundant in an ethyl acetate fraction separated from a methanol extract, and the potential inhibitor (3) was extracted best using tetrahydrofuran. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Simulação por Computador Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia Raízes de Plantas/química Prenilação Sophora/química Terpenos/química alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Sequência de Aminoácidos Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular Extratos Vegetais/química Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo Conformação Proteica alfa-Glucosidases/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Terpenes); EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-Glucosidases) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170430 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29427589 [Au] Autor: Vieira AJ; Beserra FP; Souza MC; Totti BM; Rozza AL [Ad] Endereço: São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, Brazil. [Ti] Título: Limonene: Aroma of innovation in health and disease. [So] Source: Chem Biol Interact;283:97-106, 2018 Mar 01. [Is] ISSN: 1872-7786 [Cp] País de publicação: Ireland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Natural products obtained in dietary components may aid the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases. Reports in the scientific literature have demonstrated that the consumption of terpenes is a successful alternative in the treatment of several diseases, triggering beneficial biological effects in clinical and preclinical studies. The monoterpene limonene is largely used in alimentary items, cleaning products, and it is one of the most frequent fragrances used in cosmetics formulation. The therapeutic effects of limonene have been extensively studied, proving anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antinociceptive, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperalgesic, antiviral, and gastroprotective effects, among other beneficial effects in health. In this review, we collected, presented, and analyzed evidence from the scientific literature regarding the usage of limonene and its activities and underlying mechanisms involved in combating diseases. The highlighting of limonene applications could develop a useful targeting of innovative research in this field as well as the development of a limonene-based phytomedicine which could be used in a variety of conditions of health and disease. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cicloexenos/uso terapêutico Síndrome Metabólica/prevenção & controle Terpenos/uso terapêutico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Analgésicos/química Analgésicos/farmacologia Animais Anti-Inflamatórios/química Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico Antioxidantes/química Antioxidantes/farmacologia Cicloexenos/química Cicloexenos/farmacologia Seres Humanos Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico Síndrome Metabólica/patologia Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos Plantas/química Plantas/metabolismo Terpenos/química Terpenos/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Analgesics); 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents); 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic); 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Cyclohexenes); 0 (Terpenes); 9MC3I34447 (limonene) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180211 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29216958 [Au] Autor: Guesmi F; Ben Hadj AS; Landoulsi A [Ad] Endereço: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia. [Ti] Título: Investigation of Extracts from Tunisian Ethnomedicinal Plants as Antioxidants, Cytotoxins, and Antimicrobials. [So] Source: Biomed Environ Sci;30(11):811-824, 2017 Nov. [Is] ISSN: 0895-3988 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: To determine the medicinal potential of various plants and their parts extracted with different solvents. METHODS: The total phenolic content of acetonitrile/water (60%-40%) (ACN/W) and aqueous (W) extract fractions was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and terpenic compounds were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and ß-carotene bleaching method. Cell viability was investigated by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2-yl 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. The mechanisms involved in cytotoxic activity were investigated in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and cancer lines. RESULTS: Our findings show that 11 plant species exhibited biological activity. In addition, moderate antibacterial activity was reported against one or more of the tested bacterial strains at two concentrations: 300 µg and 3 mg/disc. Furthermore, our data reveal that among all plants investigated, some extract and hydrophobic fractions were potent scavengers of the DPPH radical (6.78 µg/mL < EC50 < 8.55 µg/mL). Taken together, our results show that Nerium oleander (NOACN/W) and Pituranthos tortuosus (PTACN/W) were highly cytotoxic against RAW 264.7 cells with IC80 values of 0.36, and 1.55 µg/mL, respectively. In contrast, murine macrophage cell lines had low growth and were significantly sensitive to water extracts of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis (THW), Lavandula multifida (LMW), and ACN/W extract of Erica multiflora (EMACN/W) at doses > 400, 47.20, and 116.74 µg/mL, respectively. The current work demonstrates that RAW 264.7 cell proliferation was inhibited by samples in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Our findings, validated through free radical scavenging activity, agar diffusion assay, and cytotoxicity of essential oils towards cancer cells, show that ethnomedicinal plants used in this work have a novel application as a tumor suppressor. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia Citotoxinas/farmacologia Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia Plantas Medicinais/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Antibacterianos/química Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos Compostos de Bifenilo Linhagem Celular Citotoxinas/química Etnobotânica Camundongos Estrutura Molecular Fenóis/química Fenóis/farmacologia Picratos Extratos Vegetais/química Terpenos/química Terpenos/farmacologia Tunísia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic); 0 (Biphenyl Compounds); 0 (Cytotoxins); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Picrates); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Terpenes); DFD3H4VGDH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171209 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3967/bes2017.109

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[PMID]: 28449688 [Au] Autor: Li ZY; Chung YH; Shin EJ; Dang DK; Jeong JH; Ko SK; Nah SY; Baik TG; Jhoo JH; Ong WY; Nabeshima T; Kim HC [Ad] Endereço: Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea. [Ti] Título: YY-1224, a terpene trilactone-strengthened Ginkgo biloba, attenuates neurodegenerative changes induced by ß-amyloid (1-42) or double transgenic overexpression of APP and PS1 via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. [So] Source: J Neuroinflammation;14(1):94, 2017 Apr 27. [Is] ISSN: 1742-2094 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Ginkgo biloba has been reported to possess free radical-scavenging antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory properties. In our pilot study, YY-1224, a terpene trilactone-strengthened extract of G. biloba, showed anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and antioxidant effects. RESULTS: We investigated the pharmacological potential of YY-1224 in ß-amyloid (Aß) (1-42)-induced memory impairment using cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) knockout (-/-) and APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1 Tg) mice. Repeated treatment with YY-1224 significantly attenuated Aß (1-42)-induced memory impairment in COX-2 (+/+) mice, but not in COX-2 (-/-) mice. YY-1224 significantly attenuated Aß (1-42)-induced upregulation of platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor gene expression, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, YY-1224 significantly inhibited Aß (1-42)-induced downregulation of PAF-acetylhydrolase-1 (PAF-AH-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene expression. These changes were more pronounced in COX-2 (+/+) mice than in COX-2 (-/-) mice. YY-1224 significantly attenuated learning impairment, Aß deposition, and pro-inflammatory microglial activation in APP/PS1 Tg mice, whereas it significantly enhanced PAF-AH and PPARγ expression. A preferential COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, did not affect the pharmacological activity by YY-1224, suggesting that the COX-2 gene is a critical mediator of the neuroprotective effects of YY-1224. The protective activity of YY-1224 appeared to be more efficacious than a standard G. biloba extract (Gb) against Aß insult. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the protective effects of YY-1224 against Aß toxicity may be associated with its PAF antagonistic- and PPARγ agonistic-potential as well as inhibition of the Aß-mediated pro-inflammatory switch of microglia phenotypes through suppression of COX-2 expression. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/toxicidade Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo Ginkgo biloba Doenças Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo Fragmentos de Peptídeos/toxicidade Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico Doença de Alzheimer/genética Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/biossíntese Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética Animais Expressão Gênica Lactonas/isolamento & purificação Lactonas/uso terapêutico Camundongos Camundongos Knockout Camundongos Transgênicos Doenças Neurodegenerativas/genética Doenças Neurodegenerativas/prevenção & controle Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia Presenilina-1/biossíntese Presenilina-1/genética Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/antagonistas & inibidores Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo Terpenos/isolamento & purificação Terpenos/uso terapêutico [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Amyloid beta-Peptides); 0 (Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor); 0 (Lactones); 0 (Peptide Fragments); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Presenilin-1); 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species); 0 (Terpenes); 0 (amyloid beta-protein (1-42)); 0 (trilactone); EC 1.14.99.1 (Cyclooxygenase 2) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180302 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180302 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0866-x

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[PMID]: 28521570 [Au] Autor: Li M; Wu X; Wang X; Shen T; Ren D [Ad] Endereço: a Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China. [Ti] Título: Two novel compounds from the root bark of Morus alba L. [So] Source: Nat Prod Res;32(1):36-42, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1478-6427 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Chemical investigation of the root bark of Morus alba led to the isolation of a new flavone, dioxycudraflavone A (1) and a new 2-arylbenzofuran, 5-hydroxyethyl moracin M (2), together with seven known compounds namely sanggenon V (3), morusin (4), morusignin L (5), licoflavone C (6), moracin C (7), alfafuran (8) and mulberrofuran G (9). The structure elucidation of these compounds was based on analyses of spectroscopic data including 1D, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. All compounds were evaluated for the α-glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities. Compounds 2-4, 8 and 9 exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC less than 10 µM, while only 4 and 9 showed moderate cytotoxic effects against lung cancer cells. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antineoplásicos/farmacologia Benzofuranos/farmacologia Flavonas/farmacologia Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia Morus/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Células A549 Antineoplásicos/química Benzofuranos/química Flavonas/química Flavonoides/química Flavonoides/farmacologia Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química Seres Humanos Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Estrutura Molecular Casca de Planta/química Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray Estilbenos/química Estilbenos/farmacologia Terpenos/química Terpenos/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antineoplastic Agents); 0 (Benzofurans); 0 (Flavones); 0 (Flavonoids); 0 (Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors); 0 (Stilbenes); 0 (Terpenes); 0 (licoflavone C); 0 (moracin C); 62596-29-6 (morusin); 87085-00-5 (mulberrofuran G) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180301 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180301 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170520 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1327862

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[PMID]: 29311454 [Au] Autor: Saito K [Ad] Endereço: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University. [Ti] Título: [Development of Plant Metabolomics and Medicinal Plant Genomics]. [So] Source: Yakugaku Zasshi;138(1):1-18, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1347-5231 [Cp] País de publicação: Japan [La] Idioma: jpn [Ab] Resumo: A variety of chemicals produced by plants, often referred to as 'phytochemicals', have been used as medicines, food, fuels and industrial raw materials. Recent advances in the study of genomics and metabolomics in plant science have accelerated our understanding of the mechanisms, regulation and evolution of the biosynthesis of specialized plant products. We can now address such questions as how the metabolomic diversity of plants is originated at the levels of genome, and how we should apply this knowledge to drug discovery, industry and agriculture. Our research group has focused on metabolomics-based functional genomics over the last 15 years and we have developed a new research area called 'Phytochemical Genomics'. In this review, the development of a research platform for plant metabolomics is discussed first, to provide a better understanding of the chemical diversity of plants. Then, representative applications of metabolomics to functional genomics in a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, are described. The extension of integrated multi-omics analyses to non-model specialized plants, e.g., medicinal plants, is presented, including the identification of novel genes, metabolites and networks for the biosynthesis of flavonoids, alkaloids, sulfur-containing metabolites and terpenoids. Further, functional genomics studies on a variety of medicinal plants is presented. I also discuss future trends in pharmacognosy and related sciences. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Genômica/tendências Metabolômica/tendências Plantas Medicinais/genética Plantas Medicinais/metabolismo Plantas/genética Plantas/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Alcaloides/biossíntese Arabidopsis/genética Arabidopsis/metabolismo Flavonoides/biossíntese Farmacognosia/tendências Compostos Fitoquímicos/biossíntese Compostos de Enxofre/metabolismo Terpenos/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Alkaloids); 0 (Flavonoids); 0 (Phytochemicals); 0 (Sulfur Compounds); 0 (Terpenes) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180226 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180226 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180110 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00193

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[PMID]: 29394011 [Au] Autor: Saladino R; Chiocchini U; Botta G; Delfino M; Conigliaro R; Mosesso P [Ti] Título: Free radical scavenging capacity and protective effect of natural substances in peloids from the thermal spring pool Bagnaccio (Viterbo, Italy). [So] Source: J Cosmet Sci;67(2):71-92, 2016 Mar-Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1525-7886 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Natural peloids from sulfurous thermal springs are largely used in cosmetic and pelotherapy for the treatment of different dermatological conditions, including skin aging, dermatitis, and other eczemas. The beneficial effects are correlated to mineralogical and other thermal properties, as well as to the presence of natural substances with specific antioxidant activity. Few data are available for the comparison between natural peloids and synthetic (i.e., artificially maturated) muds. In this context, the natural substances and antioxidant activity of natural white mud (WM) and dark mud (DM) peloids from the sulfurous thermal spring pool Bagnaccio (Viterbo, Italy) have been studied in detail to evaluate possible relationships between physicochemical properties and therapeutic effect. A large panel of natural substances in WM and DM were characterized for the first time by ³¹P-nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography associated to mass spectrometry analysis. Polar fractions of WM and DM peloids were characterized by the presence of several bioactive natural compounds, showing high antioxidant activity and DNA protective effect, as evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, and hydrogen peroxide­induced DNA breakage in the alkaline comet assay. The antioxidant activity and DNA protective effect could be attributed to radical scavenging rather than a modulatory effect on the induced DNA repair, and are of order of intensity higher than that reported for synthetic muds. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Alcaloides/farmacologia Depuradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos/farmacologia Fenóis/farmacologia Terpenos/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Alcaloides/química Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação Alcanos/química Alcanos/isolamento & purificação Alcanos/farmacologia Alcenos/química Alcenos/isolamento & purificação Alcenos/farmacologia Animais Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores Compostos de Bifenilo/química Células CHO Linhagem Celular Tumoral Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Ensaio Cometa Cricetulus DNA/efeitos dos fármacos Depuradores de Radicais Livres/química Depuradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação Fontes Termais Seres Humanos Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos/química Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos/isolamento & purificação Peróxido de Hidrogênio/antagonistas & inibidores Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química Itália Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Camundongos Terapia por Lama Fenóis/química Fenóis/isolamento & purificação Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores Picratos/química Terpenos/química Terpenos/isolamento & purificação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Alkaloids); 0 (Alkanes); 0 (Alkenes); 0 (Biphenyl Compounds); 0 (Free Radical Scavengers); 0 (Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Picrates); 0 (Terpenes); 9007-49-2 (DNA); BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide); DFD3H4VGDH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180222 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180222 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180203 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29037701 [Au] Autor: Polari JJ; Garcí-Aguirre D; Olmo-García L; Carrasco-Pancorbo A; Wang SC [Ad] Endereço: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. [Ti] Título: Impact of industrial hammer mill rotor speed on extraction efficiency and quality of extra virgin olive oil. [So] Source: Food Chem;242:362-368, 2018 Mar 01. [Is] ISSN: 0308-8146 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Crushing is a key step during olive oil extraction. Among commercial crushers, the hammer mill is the most widely used due to its robustness and high throughput. In the present work, the impact of hammer mill rotor speed on extraction yield and overall quality of super-high-density Arbosana olive oils were assessed in an industrial facility. Our results show that increasing the rotor speed from 2400rpm to 3600rpm led to a rise in oil yield of 1.2%, while conserving quality parameters. Sensory analysis showed more pungency with increased rotation speed, while others attributes were unaffected. Volatile compounds showed little variation with the differences in crusher speed; however, total phenols content, two relevant secoiridoids, and triterpenoids levels increased with rotor speed. Hammer mill rotor speed is a processing variable that can be tuned to increase the extraction efficiency and modulate the chemical composition of extra virgin olive oil. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos Azeite de Oliva/análise Fenóis/análise Terpenos/análise Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Olive Oil); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Terpenes); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180222 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180222 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171018 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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