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[PMID]: 28945821 [Au] Autor: Lee YS; Ku KM; Becker TM; Juvik JA [Ad] Endereço: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea. [Ti] Título: Chemopreventive glucosinolate accumulation in various broccoli and collard tissues: Microfluidic-based targeted transcriptomics for by-product valorization. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(9):e0185112, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Floret, leaf, and root tissues were harvested from broccoli and collard cultivars and extracted to determine their glucosinolate and hydrolysis product profiles using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromotography. Quinone reductase inducing bioactivity, an estimate of anti-cancer chemopreventive potential, of the extracts was measured using a hepa1c1c7 murine cell line. Extracts from root tissues were significantly different from other tissues and contained high levels of gluconasturtiin and glucoerucin. Targeted gene expression analysis on glucosinolate biosynthesis revealed that broccoli root tissue has elevated gene expression of AOP2 and low expression of FMOGS-OX homologs, essentially the opposite of what was observed in broccoli florets, which accumulated high levels of glucoraphanin. Broccoli floret tissue has significantly higher nitrile formation (%) and epithionitrile specifier protein gene expression than other tissues. This study provides basic information of the glucosinolate metabolome and transcriptome for various tissues of Brassica oleracea that maybe utilized as potential byproducts for the nutraceutical market. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anticarcinógenos/metabolismo Brassica/genética Brassica/metabolismo Glucosinolatos/genética Glucosinolatos/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Anticarcinógenos/análise Brassica/química Suplementos Nutricionais/análise Topos Floridos/metabolismo Perfilação da Expressão Gênica Genes de Plantas Glucose/análogos & derivados Glucose/análise Glucose/genética Glucose/metabolismo Glucosinolatos/análise Seres Humanos Hidrólise Imidoésteres/análise Imidoésteres/metabolismo Metaboloma Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/biossíntese Folhas de Planta/metabolismo Proteínas de Plantas/biossíntese Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo RNA de Plantas/genética RNA de Plantas/metabolismo Distribuição Tecidual [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anticarcinogenic Agents); 0 (Glucosinolates); 0 (Imidoesters); 0 (Plant Proteins); 0 (RNA, Plant); 163ENC977A (gluconasturtiin); 21973-56-8 (glucoerucin); EC 1.6.5.2 (NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)); IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170926 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185112

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[PMID]: 28287418 [Au] Autor: Liu X; Wang Y; Hoeflinger JL; Neme BP; Jeffery EH; Miller MJ [Ad] Endereço: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 905 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, 61801 IL, USA. xiaoji2@illinois.edu. [Ti] Título: Dietary Broccoli Alters Rat Cecal Microbiota to Improve Glucoraphanin Hydrolysis to Bioactive Isothiocyanates. [So] Source: Nutrients;9(3), 2017 Mar 10. [Is] ISSN: 2072-6643 [Cp] País de publicação: Switzerland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Broccoli consumption brings many health benefits, including reducing the risk of cancer and inflammatory diseases. The objectives of this study were to identify global alterations in the cecal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and glucoraphanin (GRP) hydrolysis to isothiocyanates ex vivo by the cecal microbiota, following different broccoli diets. Rats were randomized to consume AIN93G (control) or different broccoli diets; AIN93G plus cooked broccoli, a GRP-rich powder, raw broccoli, or myrosinase-treated cooked broccoli. Feeding raw or cooked broccoli for four days or longer both changed the cecal microbiota composition and caused a greater production of isothiocyanates ex vivo. A more than two-fold increase in NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 activity of the host colon mucosa after feeding cooked broccoli for seven days confirmed the positive health benefits. Further studies revealed that dietary GRP was specifically responsible for the increased microbial GRP hydrolysis ex vivo, whereas changes in the cecal microbial communities were attributed to other broccoli components. Interestingly, a three-day withdrawal from a raw broccoli diet reversed the increased microbial GRP hydrolysis ex vivo. Findings suggest that enhanced conversion of GRP to bioactive isothiocyanates by the cecal microbiota requires four or more days of broccoli consumption and is reversible. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Brassica Microbioma Gastrointestinal Glucosinolatos/metabolismo Imidoésteres/metabolismo Isotiocianatos/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Sequência de Bases Ceco/microbiologia Colo/microbiologia Culinária Hidrólise Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/genética NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/metabolismo RNA Ribossômico 16S/isolamento & purificação Ratos Ratos Endogâmicos F344 [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Glucosinolates); 0 (Imidoesters); 0 (Isothiocyanates); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); EC 1.6.5.2 (NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)); EC 1.6.5.2 (NQO1 protein, rat); Q86A197713 (glucoraphanin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170314 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28209760 [Au] Autor: Nagata N; Xu L; Kohno S; Ushida Y; Aoki Y; Umeda R; Fuke N; Zhuge F; Ni Y; Nagashimada M; Takahashi C; Suganuma H; Kaneko S; Ota T [Ad] Endereço: Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. [Ti] Título: Glucoraphanin Ameliorates Obesity and Insulin Resistance Through Adipose Tissue Browning and Reduction of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Mice. [So] Source: Diabetes;66(5):1222-1236, 2017 May. [Is] ISSN: 1939-327X [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Low-grade sustained inflammation links obesity to insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, therapeutic approaches to improve systemic energy balance and chronic inflammation in obesity are limited. Pharmacological activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) alleviates obesity and insulin resistance in mice; however, Nrf2 inducers are not clinically available owing to safety concerns. Thus, we examined whether dietary glucoraphanin, a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, ameliorates systemic energy balance, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and NAFLD in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Glucoraphanin supplementation attenuated weight gain, decreased hepatic steatosis, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed wild-type mice but not in HFD-fed Nrf2 knockout mice. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, glucoraphanin-treated HFD-fed mice had lower plasma lipopolysaccharide levels and decreased relative abundance of the gram-negative bacteria family Desulfovibrionaceae in their gut microbiomes. In HFD-fed mice, glucoraphanin increased energy expenditure and the protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in inguinal and epididymal adipose depots. Additionally, in this group, glucoraphanin attenuated hepatic lipogenic gene expression, lipid peroxidation, classically activated M1-like macrophage accumulation, and inflammatory signaling pathways. By promoting fat browning, limiting metabolic endotoxemia-related chronic inflammation, and modulating redox stress, glucoraphanin may mitigate obesity, insulin resistance, and NAFLD. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Tecido Adiposo Marrom/efeitos dos fármacos Tecido Adiposo Branco/efeitos dos fármacos Endotoxemia Glucosinolatos/farmacologia Imidoésteres/farmacologia Resistência à Insulina Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo Obesidade/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo Animais Desulfovibrio Dieta Hiperlipídica Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos Inflamação Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos Lipopolissacarídeos/sangue Fígado/metabolismo Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos Camundongos Camundongos Knockout Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética Proteína Desacopladora 1/efeitos dos fármacos Proteína Desacopladora 1/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Glucosinolates); 0 (Imidoesters); 0 (Lipopolysaccharides); 0 (NF-E2-Related Factor 2); 0 (Nfe2l2 protein, mouse); 0 (Ucp1 protein, mouse); 0 (Uncoupling Protein 1); Q86A197713 (glucoraphanin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170218 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.2337/db16-0662

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[PMID]: 27935214 [Au] Autor: Fahey JW; Wade KL; Wehage SL; Holtzclaw WD; Liu H; Talalay P; Fuchs E; Stephenson KK [Ad] Endereço: The Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. [Ti] Título: Stabilized sulforaphane for clinical use: Phytochemical delivery efficiency. [So] Source: Mol Nutr Food Res;61(4), 2017 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1613-4133 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: SCOPE: The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SF) from broccoli is one of the most potent known inducers of the cytoprotective phase 2 response. Its role in a host of biochemical pathways makes it a major component of plant-based protective strategies for enhancing healthspan. Many nutritional supplements are now marketed that purport to contain SF, which in plants exists as a stable precursor, a thioglucoside hydroxysulfate. However, SF in pure form must be stabilized for use in supplements. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated the stability and bioavailability of two stabilized SF preparations-an α-cyclodextrin inclusion (SF-αCD), and an SF-rich, commercial nutritional supplement. SF-αCD area-under-the-curve peak serum concentrations occurred at 2 h, but six of ten volunteers complained of mild stomach upset. After topical application it was not effective in upregulating cytoprotective enzymes in the skin of SKH1 mice whereas pure SF was effective in doing so. Both of these "stabilized" SF preparations were as potent as pure SF in inducing the cytoprotective response in cultured cells, and they were more stable and as bioavailable. CONCLUSION: Our studies of a stabilized phytochemical component of foods should encourage further examination of similar products for their utility in chronic disease prevention and therapy. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia Brassica/química Isotiocianatos/farmacologia Tiocianatos/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Disponibilidade Biológica Suplementos Nutricionais Glucosinolatos/farmacologia Seres Humanos Imidoésteres/farmacologia Camundongos Compostos Fitoquímicos/metabolismo alfa-Ciclodextrinas/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anticarcinogenic Agents); 0 (Glucosinolates); 0 (Imidoesters); 0 (Isothiocyanates); 0 (Phytochemicals); 0 (Thiocyanates); 0 (alpha-Cyclodextrins); GA49J4310U (sulforafan); Q86A197713 (glucoraphanin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161210 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600766

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[PMID]: 27615690 [Au] Autor: Li S; Dabir A; Misal SA; Tang H; Radivojac P; Reilly JP [Ad] Endereço: School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States. [Ti] Título: Impact of Amidination on Peptide Fragmentation and Identification in Shotgun Proteomics. [So] Source: J Proteome Res;15(10):3656-3665, 2016 Oct 07. [Is] ISSN: 1535-3907 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Peptide amidination labeling using S-methyl thioacetimidate (SMTA) is investigated in an attempt to increase the number and types of peptides that can be detected in a bottom-up proteomics experiment. This derivatization method affects the basicity of lysine residues and is shown here to significantly impact the idiosyncracies of peptide fragmentation and peptide detectability. The unique and highly reproducible fragmentation properties of SMTA-labeled peptides, such as the strong propensity for forming b fragment ions, can be further exploited to modify the scoring of peptide-spectrum pairs and improve peptide identification. To this end, we have developed a supervised postprocessing algorithm to exploit these characteristics of peptides labeled by SMTA. Our experiments show that although the overall number of identifications are similar, the SMTA modification enabled the detection of 16-26% peptides not previously observed in comparable CID/HCD tandem mass spectrometry experiments without SMTA labeling. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Amidas/química Fragmentos de Peptídeos/análise Proteômica/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Algoritmos Imidoésteres/química Lisina/química Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Amides); 0 (Imidoesters); 0 (Peptide Fragments); 0 (S-methylthioacetimidate); K3Z4F929H6 (Lysine) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170925 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170925 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160913 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27322230 [Au] Autor: Robin AH; Yi GE; Laila R; Yang K; Park JI; Kim HR; Nou IS [Ad] Endereço: Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-950, Korea. gpb21bau@gmail.com. [Ti] Título: Expression Profiling of Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Genes in Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata Inbred Lines Reveals Their Association with Glucosinolate Content. [So] Source: Molecules;21(6), 2016 Jun 17. [Is] ISSN: 1420-3049 [Cp] País de publicação: Switzerland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Glucosinolates are the biochemical compounds that provide defense to plants against pathogens and herbivores. In this study, the relative expression level of 48 glucosinolate biosynthesis genes was explored in four morphologically-different cabbage inbred lines by qPCR analysis. The content of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate molecules present in those cabbage lines was also estimated by HPLC analysis. The possible association between glucosinolate accumulation and related gene expression level was explored by principal component analysis (PCA). The genotype-dependent variation in the relative expression level of different aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis genes is the novel result of this study. A total of eight different types of glucosinolates, including five aliphatic and three indolic glucosinolates, was detected in four cabbage lines. Three inbred lines BN3383, BN4059 and BN4072 had no glucoraphanin, sinigrin and gluconapin detected, but the inbred line BN3273 had these three aliphatic glucosinolate compounds. PCA revealed that a higher expression level of ST5b genes and lower expression of GSL-OH was associated with the accumulation of these three aliphatic glucosinolate compounds. PCA further revealed that comparatively higher accumulation of neoglucobrassicin in the inbred line, BN4072, was associated with a high level of expression of MYB34 (Bol017062) and CYP81F1 genes. The Dof1 and IQD1 genes probably trans-activated the genes related to biosynthesis of glucoerucin and methoxyglucobrassicin for their comparatively higher accumulation in the BN4059 and BN4072 lines compared to the other two lines, BN3273 and BN3383. A comparatively higher progoitrin level in BN3273 was probably associated with the higher expression level of the GSL-OH gene. The cabbage inbred line BN3383 accounted for the significantly higher relative expression level for the 12 genes out of 48, but this line had comparatively lower total glucosinolates detected compared to the other three cabbage lines. The reason for the genotypic variation in gene expression and glucosinolate accumulation is a subject of further investigation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Brassica/genética Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/genética Glucosinolatos/biossíntese Proteínas de Plantas/biossíntese [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Arabidopsis/genética Genótipo Glucose/análogos & derivados Glucose/biossíntese Glucose/genética Glucosinolatos/sangue Glucosinolatos/genética Imidoésteres Indóis Proteínas de Plantas/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (3-butenyl glucosinolate); 0 (Glucosinolates); 0 (Imidoesters); 0 (Indoles); 0 (Plant Proteins); 0 (methoxyglucobrassicin); 0 (neoglucobrassicin); 21973-56-8 (glucoerucin); 50UM64RMBJ (sinigrin); 585-95-5 (progoitrin); IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose); Q86A197713 (glucoraphanin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1704 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160621 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27022872 [Au] Autor: Martínez-Ballesta MDC; Pérez-Sánchez H; Moreno DA; Carvajal M [Ad] Endereço: Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. [Ti] Título: Plant plasma membrane aquaporins in natural vesicles as potential stabilizers and carriers of glucosinolates. [So] Source: Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces;143:318-326, 2016 Jul 01. [Is] ISSN: 1873-4367 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Their biodegradable nature and ability to target cells make biological vesicles potential nanocarriers for bioactives delivery. In this work, the interaction between proteoliposomes enriched in aquaporins derived from broccoli plants and the glucosinolates was evaluated. The vesicles were stored at different temperatures and their integrity was studied. Determination of glucosinolates, showed that indolic glucosinolates were more sensitive to degradation in aqueous solution than aliphatic glucosinolates. Glucoraphanin was stabilized by leaf and root proteoliposomes at 25°C through their interaction with aquaporins. An extensive hydrogen bond network, including different aquaporin residues, and hydrophobic interactions, as a consequence of the interaction between the linear alkane chain of glucoraphanin and Glu31 and Leu34 protein residues, were established as the main stabilizing elements. Combined our results showed that plasma membrane vesicles from leaf and root tissues of broccoli plants may be considered as suitable carriers for glucosinolate which stabilization can be potentially attributed to aquaporins. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aquaporinas/metabolismo Membrana Celular/metabolismo Glucosinolatos/metabolismo Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo Vesículas Transportadoras/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aquaporinas/química Sítios de Ligação Brassica/metabolismo Membrana Celular/química Portadores de Fármacos/química Portadores de Fármacos/metabolismo Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos Estabilidade de Medicamentos Glucosinolatos/administração & dosagem Glucosinolatos/química Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas Imidoésteres/química Imidoésteres/metabolismo Lipídeos de Membrana/análise Modelos Moleculares Estrutura Molecular Folhas de Planta/metabolismo Proteínas de Plantas/química Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo Ligação Proteica Domínios Proteicos Vesículas Transportadoras/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Aquaporins); 0 (Drug Carriers); 0 (Glucosinolates); 0 (Imidoesters); 0 (Membrane Lipids); 0 (Plant Proteins); Q86A197713 (glucoraphanin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1702 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160330 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 26970133 [Au] Autor: Yang L; Palliyaguru DL; Kensler TW [Ad] Endereço: Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. [Ti] Título: Frugal chemoprevention: targeting Nrf2 with foods rich in sulforaphane. [So] Source: Semin Oncol;43(1):146-153, 2016 Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1532-8708 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: With the properties of efficacy, safety, tolerability, practicability and low cost, foods containing bioactive phytochemicals are gaining significant attention as elements of chemoprevention strategies against cancer. Sulforaphane [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane], a naturally occurring isothiocyanate produced by cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, is found to be a highly promising chemoprevention agent against not only a variety of cancers such as breast, prostate, colon, skin, lung, stomach or bladder, but also cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. For reasons of experimental exigency, preclinical studies have focused principally on sulforaphane itself, while clinical studies have relied on broccoli sprout preparations rich in either sulforaphane or its biogenic precursor, glucoraphanin. Substantive subsequent evaluation of sulforaphane pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has been undertaken using either pure compound or food matrices. Sulforaphane affects multiple targets in cells. One key molecular mechanism of action for sulforaphane entails activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway although other actions contribute to the broad spectrum of efficacy in different animal models. This review summarizes the current status of pre-clinical chemoprevention studies with sulforaphane and highlights the progress and challenges for the application of foods rich in sulforaphane and/or glucoraphanin in the arena of clinical chemoprevention. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia Isotiocianatos/farmacologia Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/antagonistas & inibidores Neoplasias/prevenção & controle Verduras [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Anticarcinógenos/metabolismo Anticarcinógenos/farmacocinética Brassica Quimioprevenção Glucosinolatos/metabolismo Glucosinolatos/farmacologia Seres Humanos Imidoésteres/metabolismo Imidoésteres/farmacologia Isotiocianatos/metabolismo Isotiocianatos/farmacocinética Neoplasias/epidemiologia Neoplasias/metabolismo Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S.; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anticarcinogenic Agents); 0 (Glucosinolates); 0 (Imidoesters); 0 (Isothiocyanates); 0 (NF-E2-Related Factor 2); GA49J4310U (sulforafan); Q86A197713 (glucoraphanin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1607 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160313 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 26946249 [Au] Autor: Felker P; Bunch R; Leung AM [Ad] Endereço: P. Felker and R. Bunch are with the D'Arrigo Bros. Co., of California, Salinas, California, USA. A.M. Leung is with the Division of Endocrinology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, and the Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Peter.Felker@darrigo.com. [Ti] Título: Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism. [So] Source: Nutr Rev;74(4):248-58, 2016 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1753-4887 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Brassica vegetables are common components of the diet and have beneficial as well as potentially adverse health effects. Following enzymatic breakdown, some glucosinolates in brassica vegetables produce sulforaphane, phenethyl, and indolylic isothiocyanates that possess anticarcinogenic activity. In contrast, progoitrin and indolylic glucosinolates degrade to goitrin and thiocyanate, respectively, and may decrease thyroid hormone production. Radioiodine uptake to the thyroid is inhibited by 194 µmol of goitrin, but not by 77 µmol of goitrin. Collards, Brussels sprouts, and some Russian kale (Brassica napus) contain sufficient goitrin to potentially decrease iodine uptake by the thyroid. However, turnip tops, commercial broccoli, broccoli rabe, and kale belonging to Brassica oleracae contain less than 10 µmol of goitrin per 100-g serving and can be considered of minimal risk. Using sulforaphane plasma levels following glucoraphanin ingestion as a surrogate for thiocyanate plasma concentrations after indole glucosinolate ingestion, the maximum thiocyanate contribution from indole glucosinolate degradation is estimated to be 10 µM, which is significantly lower than background plasma thiocyanate concentrations (40-69 µM). Thiocyanate generated from consumption of indole glucosinolate can be assumed to have minimal adverse risks for thyroid health. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Brassica/química Glucosinolatos/farmacologia Hipotireoidismo/induzido quimicamente Indóis/farmacologia Isotiocianatos/farmacologia Oxazolidinonas/sangue Tiocianatos/sangue [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Brassica/efeitos adversos Dieta Glucosinolatos/efeitos adversos Glucosinolatos/sangue Seres Humanos Hipotireoidismo/sangue Imidoésteres/efeitos adversos Imidoésteres/farmacologia Indóis/efeitos adversos Indóis/sangue Iodo/metabolismo Isotiocianatos/efeitos adversos Isotiocianatos/sangue Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos Extratos Vegetais/sangue Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo Hormônios Tireóideos/metabolismo Verduras/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Glucosinolates); 0 (Imidoesters); 0 (Indoles); 0 (Isothiocyanates); 0 (Oxazolidinones); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Thiocyanates); 0 (Thyroid Hormones); 302-04-5 (thiocyanate); 3129-90-6 (isothiocyanic acid); 585-95-5 (progoitrin); 7Q618OJ6K9 (goitrin); 9679TC07X4 (Iodine); GA49J4310U (sulforafan); Q86A197713 (glucoraphanin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1610 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160307 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv110

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[PMID]: 26410451 [Au] Autor: Mirza N; Crocoll C; Erik Olsen C; Ann Halkier B [Ad] Endereço: DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Ti] Título: Engineering of methionine chain elongation part of glucoraphanin pathway in E. coli. [So] Source: Metab Eng;35:31-37, 2016 May. [Is] ISSN: 1096-7184 [Cp] País de publicação: Belgium [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The methionine-derived glucosinolate glucoraphanin is associated with the health-promoting properties of broccoli. This has developed a strong interest in producing this compound in high amounts from a microbial source. Glucoraphanin synthesis starts with a five-gene chain elongation pathway that converts methionine to dihomo-methionine, which is subsequently converted to glucoraphanin by the seven-gene glucosinolate core structure pathway. As dihomo-methionine is the precursor amino acid for glucoraphanin production, a first challenge is to establish an expression system for production of dihomo-methionine. In planta, the methionine chain elongation enzymes are physically separated within the cell with the first enzyme in the cytosol while the rest are located in the chloroplast. A de-compartmentalization approach was applied to produce dihomo-methionine by expression of the respective plant genes in Escherichia coli cytosol. Introduction of two plasmids encoding the methionine chain elongation pathway into E. coli resulted in production of 25mgL(-1) of dihomo-methionine. In addition to chain-elongated methionine products, side-products from chain elongation of leucine were produced. Methionine supplementation enhanced dihomo-methionine production to 57mgL(-1), while keeping a steady level of the chain-elongated leucine products. Engineering of the de-compartmentalized pathway of dihomo-methionine in E. coli cytosol provides an important first step for microbial production of the health-promoting glucoraphanin. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Escherichia coli Glucosinolatos/metabolismo Imidoésteres/metabolismo Engenharia Metabólica Metionina [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Escherichia coli/genética Escherichia coli/metabolismo Glucosinolatos/genética Metionina/biossíntese Metionina/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Glucosinolates); 0 (Imidoesters); AE28F7PNPL (Methionine); Q86A197713 (glucoraphanin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1612 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 150928 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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