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[PMID]: 28466005 [Au] Autor: Vadivelan G; Rao PP; Venkateswaran G [Ad] Endereço: Microbiology & Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India. [Ti] Título: Influence of Supplementation of Vegetable Oil Blends on Omega-3 Fatty Acid Production in CFR-GV15. [So] Source: Biomed Res Int;2017:1432970, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 2314-6141 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Objectives of this study were designed for improved production of mycelial omega-3 fatty acids with particular reference to EPA and DHA from the oleaginous fungus CFR-GV15 under submerged low temperatures fermentation supplemented with linseed oil and garden cress oil as an additional energy source. The fungus was grown at 20°C temperature for four days initially followed by 12°C temperature for next five days. The basal medium contained starch, yeast extract, and a blend of linseed oil (LSO) and garden cress oil (GCO) in the ratio 1 : 1. Results of the study revealed that, after nine days of total incubation period, the enhancement of biomass was up to 16.7 g/L dry weight with a total lipid content of 55.4% (v/w). Enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids indicated a significant increase in fatty acid bioconversion (ALA 32.2 ± 0.42%, EPA 7.9 ± 0.1%, and DHA 4.09 ± 0.2%) by 2.5-fold. The two-stage temperature cultivation alters the fatty acid profile due to activation of the desaturase enzyme in the cellular levels due to which arachidonic acid (AA) content reduced significantly. It can be concluded that CFR-GV15 is a fungal culture suitable for commercial production of PUFAs with enriched EPA and DHA. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Ácido Araquidônico/química Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/química Óleo de Semente do Linho/química Óleos Vegetais/química [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Biomassa Temperatura Baixa Suplementos Nutricionais Fermentação Lepidium sativum/química Mortierella/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-3); 0 (Plant Oils); 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid); 8001-26-1 (Linseed Oil) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180216 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180216 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170504 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1155/2017/1432970

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[PMID]: 29309791 [Au] Autor: Gundala NKV; Naidu VGM; Das UN [Ad] Endereço: BioScience Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Hospital, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam 530048, India. [Ti] Título: Amelioration of streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats by arachidonic acid. [So] Source: Biochem Biophys Res Commun;496(1):105-113, 2018 01 29. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2104 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Traditionally arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6) is considered as a pro-inflammatory molecule since it forms precursor to prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes (LTs) and thromboxanes (TXs) that have pro-inflammatory actions. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) is considered as a low-grade systemic inflammatory condition in which circulating PGs and LTs are increased. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 DM is used as a model of human type 2 DM in which peripheral insulin resistance, increased plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hyperglycemia occurs. In the present study, we observed that oral supplementation of AA prevented STZ-induced type 2 DM in Wistar rats by restoring hyperglycemia, plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6; adipose tissue NF-kB and lipocalin 2 (LPCLN2) and pancreatic tissue NF-kB and 5- and 12- lipoxygenase enzymes to normal. AA treatment enhanced insulin sensitivity and plasma lipoxin A4 (LXA4) levels, a potent anti-inflammatory molecule derived from AA. These results are supported by our previous studies wherein it was noted that plasma phospholipid content of AA and circulating LXA4 levels are low in those with type 2 DM. In a preliminary study, we also noted that high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced type 2 DM in Wistar rats can be prevented by oral supplementation of AA. These results suggest AA has anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic actions by enhancing the production of its anti-inflammatory metabolite LXA4. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Ácido Araquidônico/administração & dosagem Citocinas/imunologia Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/imunologia Mediadores da Inflamação/imunologia Lipoxinas/imunologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/induzido quimicamente Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem Masculino Ratos Ratos Wistar Estreptozocina Resultado do Tratamento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents); 0 (Cytokines); 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents); 0 (Inflammation Mediators); 0 (Lipoxins); 0 (lipoxin A4); 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid); 5W494URQ81 (Streptozocin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180215 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180215 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180109 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29293497 [Au] Autor: Marín de Mas I; Aguilar E; Zodda E; Balcells C; Marin S; Dallmann G; Thomson TM; Papp B; Cascante M [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Ti] Título: Model-driven discovery of long-chain fatty acid metabolic reprogramming in heterogeneous prostate cancer cells. [So] Source: PLoS Comput Biol;14(1):e1005914, 2018 01. [Is] ISSN: 1553-7358 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition promotes intra-tumoral heterogeneity, by enhancing tumor cell invasiveness and promoting drug resistance. We integrated transcriptomic data for two clonal subpopulations from a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) into a genome-scale metabolic network model to explore their metabolic differences and potential vulnerabilities. In this dual cell model, PC-3/S cells express Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition markers and display high invasiveness and low metastatic potential, while PC-3/M cells present the opposite phenotype and higher proliferative rate. Model-driven analysis and experimental validations unveiled a marked metabolic reprogramming in long-chain fatty acids metabolism. While PC-3/M cells showed an enhanced entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, PC-3/S cells used long-chain fatty acids as precursors of eicosanoid metabolism. We suggest that this metabolic reprogramming endows PC-3/M cells with augmented energy metabolism for fast proliferation and PC-3/S cells with increased eicosanoid production impacting angiogenesis, cell adhesion and invasion. PC-3/S metabolism also promotes the accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid with antiproliferative effects. The potential therapeutic significance of our model was supported by a differential sensitivity of PC-3/M cells to etomoxir, an inhibitor of long-chain fatty acid transport to the mitochondria. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo Transporte Biológico Ativo/efeitos dos fármacos Linhagem Celular Tumoral Proliferação Celular Biologia Computacional Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/metabolismo Eicosanoides/metabolismo Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal Compostos de Epóxi/farmacologia Ácidos Graxos/química Seres Humanos Masculino Redes e Vias Metabólicas Mitocôndrias/metabolismo Modelos Biológicos Invasividade Neoplásica Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia Transcriptoma [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Eicosanoids); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Fatty Acids); 25167-62-8 (Docosahexaenoic Acids); 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid); MSB3DD2XP6 (etomoxir) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180210 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180210 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180103 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005914

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[PMID]: 29248447 [Au] Autor: Echeverría S; Leiguez E; Guijas C; do Nascimento NG; Acosta O; Teixeira C; Leiva LC; Rodríguez JP [Ad] Endereço: Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas, Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (UNNE - CONICET), Argentina. [Ti] Título: Evaluation of pro-inflammatory events induced by Bothrops alternatus snake venom. [So] Source: Chem Biol Interact;281:24-31, 2018 Feb 01. [Is] ISSN: 1872-7786 [Cp] País de publicação: Ireland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Inflammation is a major local feature of envenomation by bothropic snakes being characterized by a prominent local edema, pain, and extensive swelling. There are reports demonstrating that whole Bothrops snake venoms and toxins isolated from them are able to activate macrophages functions, such as phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen, cytokines and eicosanoids, however, little is known about the effects of Bothrops alternatus (B.a.) venom on macrophages. In this work, we evaluated the proinflammatory effects of B.a. venom with in vivo and in vitro experiments using the Raw 264.7 cell line and mouse peritoneal macrophages. We detected that B.a. venom augments cell permeability (2-fold), and cellular extravasation (mainly neutrophils), increase proinflammatory cytokines IL1 (∼300-fold), IL12 (∼200-fold), and TNFα (∼80-fold) liberation and induce the expression of enzymes related to lipid signaling, such as cPLA and COX-2. Additionally, using lipidomic techniques we detected that this venom produces a release of arachidonic acid (∼10 nMol/mg. Protein) and other fatty acids (16:0 and 18:1 n-9c). Although much of these findings were described in inflammatory processes induced by other bothropic venoms, here we demonstrate that B.a. venom also stimulates pro-inflammatory pathways involving lipid mediators of cell signaling. In this sense, lipidomics analysis of macrophages stimulated with B.a. venom evidenced that the main free fatty acids are implicated in the inflammatory response, and also demonstrated that this venom, is able to activate lipid metabolism even with a low content of PLA . [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Bothrops/metabolismo Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos Venenos de Serpentes/toxicidade [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Ácido Araquidônico/análise Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Células Cultivadas Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo Citocinas/metabolismo Edema/etiologia Ácidos Graxos/análise Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas Fosfolipases A2 do Grupo IV/metabolismo Interleucina-1/metabolismo Interleucina-12/metabolismo Macrófagos Peritoneais/citologia Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo Masculino Camundongos Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos Neutrófilos/imunologia Neutrófilos/metabolismo Células RAW 264.7 Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cytokines); 0 (Fatty Acids); 0 (Interleukin-1); 0 (Snake Venoms); 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha); 187348-17-0 (Interleukin-12); 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid); EC 1.14.99.1 (Cyclooxygenase 2); EC 3.1.1.4 (Group IV Phospholipases A2) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180129 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180129 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171218 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29235833 [Au] Autor: Molodchenkova OO; Adamovskaya VG; Ciselskaya LY; Bezkrovnaya LY; Kartuzova TV; Iablonska VB [Ti] Título: Purification and properties of lipoxygenase from wheat seedlings infected by Fusarium graminearum and treated by salicylic acid. [So] Source: Ukr Biochem J;88(6):26-34, 2016 Nov-Dec. [Is] ISSN: 2409-4943 [Cp] País de publicação: Ukraine [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Lipoxygenase from wheat seedlings in normal conditions, infected by Fusarium graminearum and treated by salicylic acid was isolated. The isolated enzyme was purified by the methods of salting-out (60% ammonium sulphate), dialysis, gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Specific activity of the purified enzyme was 8.0-12.5 ΔЕ234/mg of protein, degree of purification ­ 11.6-15.3 times. The enzyme yield was 18.3-27.9%. Molecular mass of lipoxygenase is 90 kDa, amino acid composition is distinguished by a high content of glutamic acid, proline, valine, isoleucine, leucine and low level of histidine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, cystein. Research of lipoxygenase substrate dependence indicated that the enzyme catalysed with the maximum velocity of the reaction of arachidonic acid oxidation at a substrate concentration of 4.5 mM at pH 7.2, the reaction of linoleic acid oxidation at a substrate concentration of 4.5 mM at pH 7.2 and the reaction of linolenic acid oxidation at a substrate concentration of 9.0 mM at pH 8.0. The change of wheat lipoxygenase activity depending on genotype resistance to Fusarium graminearum and millieu of germination was shown. One of the manifestations of the protective effect of salicylic acid is its ability to induce changes of lipoxygenase activity. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia Lipoxigenase/isolamento & purificação Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação Ácido Salicílico/farmacologia Triticum/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aminoácidos/química Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo Cromatografia por Troca Iônica Resistência à Doença Suscetibilidade a Doenças/enzimologia Suscetibilidade a Doenças/imunologia Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento Fusarium/patogenicidade Expressão Gênica Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio Cinética Ácido Linoleico/metabolismo Lipoxigenase/metabolismo Peso Molecular Doenças das Plantas/imunologia Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo Plântulas/efeitos dos fármacos Plântulas/enzimologia Plântulas/imunologia Plântulas/microbiologia Especificidade por Substrato Triticum/enzimologia Triticum/imunologia Triticum/microbiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Amino Acids); 0 (Fungicides, Industrial); 0 (Plant Proteins); 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid); 9KJL21T0QJ (Linoleic Acid); EC 1.13.11.12 (Lipoxygenase); O414PZ4LPZ (Salicylic Acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171214 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.06.026

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[PMID]: 28458520 [Au] Autor: Moschos MM; Moustafa GA; Papakonstantinou VD; Tsatsos M; Laios K; Antonopoulou S [Ad] Endereço: 1st Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. [Ti] Título: Anti-platelet effects of anti-glaucomatous eye drops: an in vitro study on human platelets. [So] Source: Drug Des Devel Ther;11:1267-1272, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1177-8881 [Cp] País de publicação: New Zealand [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: PURPOSE: Altered platelet aggregability has been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. This study aims to investigate the anti-platelet potential of intraocular pressure lowering drops, with the possibility of establishing it as an additional mechanism of anti-glaucomatous action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-aggregating effects of a series of anti-glaucomatous eye drops were determined on human platelets in the platelet aggregation model, using four known aggregating factors (platelet activating factor [PAF], adenosine diphosphate [ADP], thrombin receptor-activating peptide [TRAP], and arachidonic acid [AA]). RESULTS: Almost all of the tested samples inhibited platelet aggregation induced by PAF, ADP, TRAP, and AA, except for Alphagan, which did not demonstrate inhibition of ADP- and TRAP-induced aggregation at a wide range of concentrations. Trusopt, Betoptic, and Azarga eye drops were the most potent inhibitors of all four aggregating factors, while Alphagan was the least potent ( <0.05). CONCLUSION: This study shows that anti-glaucomatous eye drops possess anti-platelet effects, and this was shown for the first time by experimenting on human platelets. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Difosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia Ácido Araquidônico/farmacologia Glaucoma/tratamento farmacológico Complexo Mediador/farmacologia Soluções Oftálmicas/farmacologia Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Difosfato de Adenosina/administração & dosagem Ácido Araquidônico/administração & dosagem Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos Seres Humanos Complexo Mediador/administração & dosagem Soluções Oftálmicas/administração & dosagem Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas/administração & dosagem Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Mediator Complex); 0 (Ophthalmic Solutions); 0 (Platelet Activating Factor); 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid); 61D2G4IYVH (Adenosine Diphosphate) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171222 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171222 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170502 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S131582

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[PMID]: 27770821 [Au] Autor: Zappavigna S; Scuotto M; Cossu AM; Ingrosso D; De Rosa M; Schiraldi C; Filosa R; Caraglia M [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy. [Ti] Título: The 1,4 benzoquinone-featured 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor RF-Id induces apoptotic death through downregulation of IAPs in human glioblastoma cells. [So] Source: J Exp Clin Cancer Res;35(1):167, 2016 Oct 22. [Is] ISSN: 1756-9966 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Embelin is a potent dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxigenase (5-LOX) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 that suppresses proliferation of human glioma cells and induces apoptosis by inhibiting XIAP and NF-κB signaling pathway. Synthetic structural modification yielded the derivative 3-((decahydronaphthalen-6-yl)methyl)-2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (RF-Id), an embelin constrained analogue, with improved efficiency against 5-LOX in human neutrophils and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Taking into account that lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolites, from arachidonic acid and linoleic acid, have been implicated in tumor progression, here, we determined whether RF-Id was able to hinder glioblastoma (GBM) cancer cell growth and the related mechanisms. METHODS: U87MG and LN229 cells were plated in 96-wells and treated with increasing concentrations of RF-Id. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The effects of the compounds on cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress and autophagy were assessed by flow cytometry (FACS). The mode of action was confirmed by Taqman apoptosis array and evaluating caspase cascade and NFκB pathway by western blotting technique. RESULTS: Here, we found that RF-Id induced a stronger inhibition of GBM cell growth than treatment with embelin. Flow cytometry analysis showed that RF-Id induced about 30 % apoptosis and a slight increase of autophagy after 72 h on U87-MG cells. Moreover, the compound induced an increase in the percentage of cells in G2 and S phase that was paralleled by an increase of p21 and p27 expression but no significant changes of the mitochondrial membrane potential; array analysis showed a significant upregulation of CASP8 and a downregulation of IAP family and NFκB genes in cells treated with RF-Id. RF-Id induced a significant cleavage of caspases 8, 9, 3 and 7, blocked c-IAP2/XIAP interaction by inducing XIAP degradation and inhibited NFκB pathway. CONCLUSIONS: RF-Id induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis in GBM cells by inhibiting IAP family proteins and NFκB pathway and represents a promising lead compound for designing a new class of anti-cancer drugs with multiple targets. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Benzoquinonas/farmacologia Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo Regulação para Baixo Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia Glioblastoma/metabolismo Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Araquidonato 5-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo Autofagia Benzoquinonas/síntese química Benzoquinonas/química Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico Linhagem Celular Tumoral Proliferação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química Inibidores Enzimáticos/química Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico Seres Humanos Ácido Linoleico/metabolismo Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Benzoquinones); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins); 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid); 9KJL21T0QJ (Linoleic Acid); EC 1.13.11.34 (Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase); EC 1.3.11.34 (ALOX5 protein, human); SHC6U8F5ER (embelin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171219 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171219 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161025 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28980889 [Au] Autor: Tian JJ; Lei CX; Ji H; Kaneko G; Zhou JS; Yu HB; Li Y; Yu EM; Xie J [Ad] Endereço: 1College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,People's Republic of China. [Ti] Título: Comparative analysis of effects of dietary arachidonic acid and EPA on growth, tissue fatty acid composition, antioxidant response and lipid metabolism in juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. [So] Source: Br J Nutr;118(6):411-422, 2017 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1475-2662 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets containing free arachidonic acid (ARA) or EPA (control group), 0·30 % ARA, 0·30 % EPA and 0·30 % ARA+EPA (equivalent) were designed to feed juvenile grass carp (10·21 (sd 0·10) g) for 10 weeks. Only the EPA group presented better growth performance compared with the control group (P<0·05). Dietary ARA and EPA were incorporated into polar lipids more than non-polar lipids in hepatopancreas but not intraperitoneal fat (IPF) tissue. Fish fed ARA and EPA showed an increase of serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and decrease of glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde contents (P<0·05). The hepatopancreatic TAG levels decreased both in ARA and EPA groups (P<0·05), accompanied by the decrease of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the ARA group (P<0·05). Fatty acid synthase (FAS), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase and apoE gene expression in the hepatopancreas decreased in fish fed ARA and EPA, but only the ARA group exhibited increased mRNA level of adipose TAG lipase (ATGL) (P<0·05). Decreased IPF index and adipocyte sizes were found in the ARA group (P<0·05). Meanwhile, the ARA group showed decreased expression levels of adipogenic genes CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α, LPL and FAS, and increased levels of the lipid catabolic genes PPAR α, ATGL, hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) in IPF, whereas the EPA group only increased PPAR α and CPT-1 mRNA expression and showed less levels than the ARA group. Overall, dietary EPA is beneficial to the growth performance, whereas ARA is more potent in inducing lipolysis and inhibiting adipogenesis, especially in IPF. Meanwhile, dietary ARA and EPA showed the similar preference in esterification and the improvement in antioxidant response. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antioxidantes/metabolismo Ácido Araquidônico/administração & dosagem Composição Corporal Carpas/fisiologia Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administração & dosagem Metabolismo dos Lipídeos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos Adipócitos/metabolismo Adipogenia/efeitos dos fármacos Adipogenia/genética Ração Animal/análise Animais Proteína alfa Estimuladora de Ligação a CCAAT/genética Proteína alfa Estimuladora de Ligação a CCAAT/metabolismo Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferase/genética Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferase/metabolismo Dieta/veterinária Glutationa Peroxidase/sangue Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo Lipase Lipoproteica/sangue Malondialdeído/sangue RNA Mensageiro/genética RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo Superóxido Dismutase/sangue [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha); 0 (RNA, Messenger); 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid); 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde); AAN7QOV9EA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid); EC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); EC 2.3.1.21 (Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase); EC 3.1.1.34 (Lipoprotein Lipase) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171011 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171011 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171006 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1017/S000711451700215X

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[PMID]: 28901892 [Au] Autor: Thompson K; Hosking H; Pederick W; Singh I; Santhakumar AB [Ad] Endereço: 1School of Biomedical Sciences,Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains,Charles Sturt University,Wagga Wagga,NSW 2678,Australia. [Ti] Título: The effect of anthocyanin supplementation in modulating platelet function in sedentary population: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. [So] Source: Br J Nutr;118(5):368-374, 2017 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1475-2662 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The anti-thrombotic properties of anthocyanin (ACN) supplementation was evaluated in this randomised, double-blind, placebo (PBO) controlled, cross-over design, dietary intervention trial in sedentary population. In all, sixteen participants (three males and thirteen females) consumed ACN (320 mg/d) or PBO capsules for 28 d followed by a 2-week wash-out period. Biomarkers of thrombogenesis and platelet activation induced by ADP; platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and arachidonic acid; biochemical, lipid, inflammatory and coagulation profile were evaluated before and after supplementation. ACN supplementation reduced monocyte-platelet aggregate formation by 39 %; inhibited platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 expression by 14 %; reduced platelet activation-dependant conformational change and degranulation by reducing procaspase activating compound-1 (PAC-1) (↓10 %) and P-selectin expression (↓14 %), respectively; and reduced ADP-induced whole blood platelet aggregation by 29 %. Arachidonic acid and collagen-induced platelet aggregation; biochemical, lipid, inflammatory and coagulation parameters did not change post-ACN supplementation. PBO treatment did not have an effect on the parameters tested. The findings suggest that dietary ACN supplementation has the potential to alleviate biomarkers of thrombogenesis, platelet hyperactivation and hyper-aggregation in sedentary population. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antocianinas/administração & dosagem Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos Suplementos Nutricionais Estilo de Vida Sedentário [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Antocianinas/sangue Ácido Araquidônico/administração & dosagem Ácido Araquidônico/sangue Biomarcadores/sangue Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos Plaquetas/metabolismo Índice de Massa Corporal Colágeno/sangue Colágeno/genética Estudos Cross-Over Dieta Método Duplo-Cego Exercício Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Ativação Plaquetária Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos Fatores de Risco [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anthocyanins); 0 (Biomarkers); 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170921 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170921 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170914 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517002124

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MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28831954 [Au] Autor: Xu H; Cao L; Wei Y; Zhang Y; Liang M [Ad] Endereço: 1Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,106 Nanjing Road,Qingdao 266071,People's Republic of China. [Ti] Título: Effects of different dietary DHA:EPA ratios on gonadal steroidogenesis in the marine teleost, tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). [So] Source: Br J Nutr;118(3):179-188, 2017 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1475-2662 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary DHA and EPA on gonadal steroidogenesis in mature females and males, with a feeding trial on tongue sole, a typical marine teleost with sexual dimorphism. Three experimental diets differing basically in DHA:EPA ratio, that is, 0·68 (diet D:E-0·68), 1·09 (D:E-1·09) and 2·05 (D:E-2·05), were randomly assigned to nine tanks of 3-year-old tongue sole (ten females and fifteen males in each tank). The feeding trail lasted for 90 d before and during the spawning season. Fish were reared in a flowing seawater system and fed to apparent satiation twice daily. Compared with diet D:E-0·68, diet D:E-1·09 significantly enhanced the oestradiol production in females, whereas diet D:E-2·05 significantly enhanced the testosterone production in males. In ovaries, diet D:E-1·09 induced highest mRNA expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 17α-hydroxylase (P450c17) and 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3ß-HSD). In testes, diet 2·05 resulted in highest mRNA expression of FSHR, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, P450c17 and 3ß-HSD. Fatty acid profiles in fish tissues reflected closely those of diets. Female fish had more gonadal EPA content but less DHA content than male fish, whereas there was a reverse observation in liver. In conclusion, the dietary DHA:EPA ratio, possibly combined with the dietary EPA:arachidonic acid ratio, differentially regulated sex steroid hormone synthesis in mature female and male tongue soles. Females seemed to require more EPA but less DHA for the gonadal steroidogenesis than males. The results are beneficial to sex-specific nutritive strategies in domestic teleost. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Dieta/veterinária Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administração & dosagem Linguados/metabolismo Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/biossíntese Gônadas/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: 17-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/genética 17-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/metabolismo Animais Ácido Araquidônico/administração & dosagem Ácido Araquidônico/análise Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/análise Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análise Estradiol/biossíntese Estradiol/sangue Feminino Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/sangue Gônadas/metabolismo Lipogênese/efeitos dos fármacos Masculino RNA Mensageiro/genética RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo Receptores do FSH/genética Receptores do FSH/metabolismo Esteroide 17-alfa-Hidroxilase/genética Esteroide 17-alfa-Hidroxilase/metabolismo Testosterona/biossíntese Testosterona/sangue [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Gonadal Steroid Hormones); 0 (RNA, Messenger); 0 (Receptors, FSH); 25167-62-8 (Docosahexaenoic Acids); 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid); 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone); 4TI98Z838E (Estradiol); AAN7QOV9EA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid); EC 1.1.- (17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases); EC 1.1.1.51 (3 (or 17)-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase); EC 1.14.14.19 (Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170907 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170907 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170824 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517001891

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