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[PMID]: 28746820 [Au] Autor: Rai V; Agrawal DK [Ad] Endereço: Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA. [Ti] Título: The role of damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns in inflammation-mediated vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques. [So] Source: Can J Physiol Pharmacol;95(10):1245-1253, 2017 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1205-7541 [Cp] País de publicação: Canada [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Plaque formation starts with the inflammation in fatty streaks and progresses through atheroma, atheromatous plaque, and fibroatheroma leading to development of stable plaque. Hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia are the risk factors for atherosclerosis. Inflammation, infection with viruses and bacteria, and dysregulation in the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells leads to advanced plaque formation. Death of the cells in the intima due to inflammation results in secretion of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), alarmins (S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins), and infection with pathogens leads to secretion of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, and peptidoglycans. DAMPs and PAMPs further activate the inflammatory surface receptors such as TREM-1 and toll-like receptors and downstream signaling kinases and transcription factors leading to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and interferon-γ and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These mediators and cytokines along with MMPs render the plaque vulnerable for rupture leading to ischemic events. In this review, we have discussed the role of DAMPs and PAMPs in association with inflammation-mediated plaque vulnerability. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Alarminas/metabolismo Artérias/metabolismo Aterosclerose/metabolismo Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo Inflamação/metabolismo Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/metabolismo Placa Aterosclerótica [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Alarminas/imunologia Animais Artérias/imunologia Artérias/patologia Aterosclerose/imunologia Aterosclerose/patologia Seres Humanos Inflamação/imunologia Inflamação/patologia Mediadores da Inflamação/imunologia Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/imunologia Prognóstico Fatores de Risco Ruptura Espontânea Transdução de Sinais [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Alarmins); 0 (Inflammation Mediators); 0 (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180205 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180205 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170727 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0664

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[PMID]: 29253904 [Au] Autor: Silver AC [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, United States. [Ti] Título: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns alter molecular clock gene expression in mouse splenocytes. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(12):e0189949, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Circadian rhythms are endogenous 24-h oscillations that influence a multitude of physiological processes. The pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), lipopolysaccharide, has been shown to modify the circadian molecular clock. The aim of this study was to determine if other PAMPs alter clock gene expression. Therefore, mRNA levels of clock genes (Per2, Bmal1, Rev-erbα, and Dbp) were measured after an ex vivo challenge with several PAMPs and to further test the relevance of PAMP alteration of the molecular clock, an in vivo poly(I:C) challenge was performed. This study revealed that several other PAMPs are also capable of altering clock gene expression. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Proteínas CLOCK/metabolismo Relógios Circadianos/genética Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/metabolismo Baço/citologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Fatores de Transcrição ARNTL/genética Animais Proteínas CLOCK/genética Ritmo Circadiano Expressão Gênica Regulação da Expressão Gênica Ligantes Lipopolissacarídeos Masculino Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Poli I-C/imunologia RNA Mensageiro/genética RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (ARNTL Transcription Factors); 0 (Ligands); 0 (Lipopolysaccharides); 0 (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules); 0 (RNA, Messenger); EC 2.3.1.48 (CLOCK Proteins); O84C90HH2L (Poly I-C) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180112 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180112 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171219 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189949

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[PMID]: 29261777 [Au] Autor: Noll F; Behnke J; Leiting S; Troidl K; Alves GT; Müller-Redetzky H; Preissner KT; Fischer S [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. [Ti] Título: Self-extracellular RNA acts in synergy with exogenous danger signals to promote inflammation. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(12):e0190002, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Self-extracellular RNA (eRNA), released from stressed or injured cells upon various pathological situations such as ischemia-reperfusion-injury, has been shown to act as an alarmin by inducing procoagulatory and proinflammatory responses. In particular, M1-polarization of macrophages by eRNA resulted in the expression and release of a variety of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interleukin-6 (IL-6). The present study now investigates in which way self-eRNA may influence the response of macrophages towards various Toll-like receptor (TLR)-agonists. Isolated agonists of TLR2 (Pam2CSK4), TLR3 (PolyIC), TLR4 (LPS), or TLR7 (R848) induced the release of TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner in murine macrophages, differentiated from bone marrow-derived stem cells by mouse colony stimulating factor. Here, the presence of eRNA shifted the dose-response curve for Pam2CSK4 (Pam) considerably to the left, indicating that eRNA synergistically enhanced the cytokine liberation from macrophages even at very low Pam-levels. The synergistic activation of TLR2 by eRNA/Pam was duplicated by other TLR2-agonists such as FSL-1 or Pam3CSK4. In contrast, for TLR4-agonists such as LPS a synergistic effect of eRNA was much weaker, and was not existent for TLR3-, or TLR7-agonists. The synergistic eRNA/Pam action was dependent on the NFκB-signaling pathway as well as on p38MAP- and MEK1/ERK-kinases and was prevented by predigestion of eRNA with RNase1 or by antibodies against TLR2. Thus, the presence of self-eRNA as alarming molecule sensitizes innate immune responses towards pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in a synergistic way and may thereby contribute to the differentiated outcome of inflammatory responses. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Espaço Extracelular/metabolismo Inflamação/metabolismo RNA/metabolismo Transdução de Sinais [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Citocinas/metabolismo Diglicerídeos/farmacologia Lipopeptídeos/farmacologia Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos Macrófagos/metabolismo Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/metabolismo Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos Fatores de Tempo Receptores Toll-Like/antagonistas & inibidores Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cytokines); 0 (Diglycerides); 0 (FSL-1 lipoprotein, synthetic); 0 (Lipopeptides); 0 (Oligopeptides); 0 (Pam2CSK4 lipopeptide); 0 (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules); 0 (Toll-Like Receptors); 63231-63-0 (RNA) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180108 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180108 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171221 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190002

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[PMID]: 28807829 [Au] Autor: Zhang Y; Liang Y; Dong Y; Gao Y; Yang X; Yuan J; Qiu D [Ad] Endereço: The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong-guan-cun South Street, Beijing 100081, China. [Ti] Título: The Magnaporthe oryzae Alt A 1-like protein MoHrip1 binds to the plant plasma membrane. [So] Source: Biochem Biophys Res Commun;492(1):55-60, 2017 Oct 07. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2104 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: MoHrip1, a protein isolated from Magnaporthe oryzae, belongs to the Alt A 1 (AA1) family. mohrip1 mRNA levels showed inducible expression throughout the infection process in rice. To determine the location of MoHrip1 in M. oryzae, a mohrip1-gfp mutant was generated. Fluorescence microscopy observations and western blotting analysis showed that MoHrip1 was both present in the secretome and abundant in the fungal cell wall. To obtain MoHrip1 protein, we carried out high-yield expression of MoHrip1 in Pichia pastoris. Treatment of tobacco plants with MoHrip1 induced the formation of necrosis, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and expression of several defense-related genes, as well as conferred disease resistance. By fusion to green fluorescent protein, we showed that MoHrip1 was able to bind to the tobacco and rice plant plasma membrane, causing rapid morphological changes at the cellular level, such as cell shrinkage and chloroplast disorganization. These findings indicate that MoHrip1 is a microbe-associated molecular pattern that is perceived by the plant immune system. This is the first study on an AA1 family protein that can bind to the plant plasma membrane. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Membrana Celular/metabolismo Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo Magnaporthe/química Tabaco/citologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Membrana Celular/química Proteínas Fúngicas/biossíntese Proteínas Fúngicas/imunologia Proteínas Fúngicas/isolamento & purificação Magnaporthe/imunologia Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos Doenças das Plantas/imunologia Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia Imunidade Vegetal Tabaco/imunologia Tabaco/microbiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Fungal Proteins); 0 (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170925 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170925 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170816 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28708252 [Au] Autor: Chauhan P; Shukla D; Chattopadhyay D; Saha B [Ad] Endereço: Pathogenesis and Cellular Response Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India. [Ti] Título: Redundant and regulatory roles for Toll-like receptors in Leishmania infection. [So] Source: Clin Exp Immunol;190(2):167-186, 2017 Nov. [Is] ISSN: 1365-2249 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded, non-clonal innate immune receptors, which are often the first receptors to recognize the molecular patterns on pathogens. Therefore, the immune response initiated by TLRs has far-reaching consequences on the outcome of an infection. As soon as the cell surface TLRs and other receptors recognize a pathogen, the pathogen is phagocytosed. Inclusion of TLRs in the phagosome results in quicker phagosomal maturation and stronger adaptive immune response, as TLRs influence co-stimulatory molecule expression and determinant selection by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and MHC class I for cross-presentation. The signals delivered by the TCR-peptide-MHC complex and co-stimulatory molecules are indispensable for optimal T cell activation. In addition, the cytokines induced by TLRs can skew the differentiation of activated T cells to different effector T cell subsets. However, the potential of TLRs to influence adaptive immune response into different patterns is severely restricted by multiple factors: gross specificity for the molecular patterns, lack of receptor rearrangements, sharing of limited number of adaptors that assemble signalling complexes and redundancy in ligand recognition. These features of apparent redundancy and regulation in the functioning of TLRs characterize them as important and probable contributory factors in the resistance or susceptibility to an infection. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Leishmania/imunologia Leishmaniose/imunologia Receptores Toll-Like/imunologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Imunidade Adaptativa Animais Apresentação Cruzada Regulação da Expressão Gênica Seres Humanos Imunidade Inata Camundongos Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/imunologia Fagocitose Transdução de Sinais Linfócitos T/imunologia Linfócitos T/fisiologia Receptores Toll-Like/classificação Receptores Toll-Like/deficiência Receptores Toll-Like/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules); 0 (Toll-Like Receptors) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171025 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171025 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170715 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1111/cei.13014

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[PMID]: 28694293 [Au] Autor: Evans HM; Simpson A; Shen S; Stromberg AJ; Pickett CL; Garvy BA [Ad] Endereço: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [Ti] Título: The Trophic Life Cycle Stage of the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Pneumocystis murina Hinders the Ability of Dendritic Cells To Stimulate CD4 T Cell Responses. [So] Source: Infect Immun;85(10), 2017 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1098-5522 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The life cycle of the opportunistic fungal pathogen consists of a trophic stage and an ascus-like cystic stage. Infection with the cyst stage induces proinflammatory immune responses, while trophic forms suppress the cytokine response to multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including ß-glucan. A targeted gene expression assay was used to evaluate the dendritic cell response following stimulation with trophic forms alone, with a normal mixture of trophic forms and cysts, or with ß-glucan. We demonstrate that stimulation with trophic forms downregulated the expression of multiple genes normally associated with the response to infection, including genes encoding transcription factors. Trophic forms also suppressed the expression of genes related to antigen processing and presentation, including the gene encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator, CIITA. Stimulation of dendritic cells with trophic forms, but not a mixture of trophic forms and cysts, reduced the expression of MHC class II and the costimulatory molecule CD40 on the surface of the cells. These defects in the expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules corresponded with a reduced capacity for trophic form-loaded dendritic cells to stimulate CD4 T cell proliferation and polarization. These data are consistent with the delayed innate and adaptive responses previously observed in immunocompetent mice inoculated with trophic forms compared to responses in mice inoculated with a mixture of trophic forms and cysts. We propose that trophic forms broadly inhibit the ability of dendritic cells to fulfill their role as antigen-presenting cells. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia Células Dendríticas/imunologia Células Dendríticas/microbiologia Pneumocystis/crescimento & desenvolvimento Pneumocystis/imunologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Apresentação do Antígeno Células Dendríticas/metabolismo Células Dendríticas/patologia Regulação da Expressão Gênica Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/imunologia Ativação Linfocitária Camundongos Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/imunologia Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/imunologia Fatores de Transcrição/genética Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo beta-Glucanas/imunologia beta-Glucanas/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class II); 0 (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules); 0 (Transcription Factors); 0 (beta-Glucans) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171017 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171017 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170712 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28630093 [Au] Autor: Sharma R; Ghasparian A; Robinson JA; McCullough KC [Ad] Endereço: Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland. [Ti] Título: Dendritic Cell Sensing of Hydrophobic Di- and Triacylated Lipopeptides Self-Assembled within Synthetic Virus-like Particles. [So] Source: J Immunol;199(2):734-749, 2017 Jul 15. [Is] ISSN: 1550-6606 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in developing immune defenses. One important aspect is interaction with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)/danger-associated molecular patterns, including di- and triacylated lipopeptides. Isolated or synthetic lipopeptides are potent vaccine adjuvants, interacting with cell surface TLR2 heterodimers. In contrast, deep embedment within bacteria cell walls would impair lipopeptide interaction with cell surface TLR2, requiring degradation for PAMP recognition. Accordingly, DC processing in the absence of surface TLR2 ligation was defined using synthetic virus-like particles (SVLPs) carrying hydrophobic TLR2 PAMPs within di- and triacylated lipopeptide cores (P2Cys-SVLPs and P3Cys-SVLPs) compared with SVLPs lacking immunomodulatory lipopeptides. DCs rapidly and efficiently internalized SVLPs, which was dominated by slow endocytic processing via macropinocytosis, although some caveolar endocytosis was implicated. This delivered SVLPs primarily into macropinosomes often interacting with EEA-1 early endosomes. Although endoplasmic reticulum association was occasionally noted, association with recycling/sorting structures was not observed. Involvement of LysoTracker structures slowly increased with time, with SVLPs present in such structures ultimately dominating. Only SVLPs carrying di- and triacylated lipopeptide cores induced DC activation and maturation independently of surface TLR2 ligation. Intracellular recognition of SVLP TLR2 ligands was confirmed by observing SVLPs' association with internal TLR2, which had similar kinetics to SVLP association with LysoTracker. This related to inflammatory cytokine induction by SVLP DCs, with adaptive immune response activation ex vivo/in vivo. Importantly, particular DCs, not monocytes, recognized intracellular exposure of the TLR2 PAMPs carried by di- and triacylated SVLP cores, which indicates subset-distinct recognition of functional internal TLR2 ligands. Thus, vaccines carrying hydrophobic TLR2 ligands would interact with particular DCs for efficient induction of specific immunity in the absence of additional adjuvant. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Células Dendríticas/imunologia Lipopeptídeos/química Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/imunologia Vacinas de Partículas Semelhantes a Vírus/imunologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Imunidade Adaptativa Adjuvantes Imunológicos Animais Diferenciação Celular Citocinas/imunologia Células Dendríticas/metabolismo Endocitose Retículo Endoplasmático/imunologia Retículo Endoplasmático/fisiologia Endossomos/imunologia Endossomos/metabolismo Lipopeptídeos/imunologia Camundongos Monócitos/imunologia Monócitos/metabolismo Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/química Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/metabolismo Sus scrofa Receptor 2 Toll-Like/imunologia Receptor 2 Toll-Like/metabolismo Vacinas de Partículas Semelhantes a Vírus/administração & dosagem Vacinas de Partículas Semelhantes a Vírus/química [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic); 0 (Cytokines); 0 (Lipopeptides); 0 (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules); 0 (Toll-Like Receptor 2); 0 (Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170928 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170928 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170621 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600521

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[PMID]: 28618068 [Au] Autor: Shahzad T; Zhan MY; Yang PJ; Yu XQ; Rao XJ [Ad] Endereço: School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. [Ti] Título: Molecular cloning and analysis of a C-type lectin from silkworm Bombyx mori. [So] Source: Arch Insect Biochem Physiol;95(3), 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1520-6327 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: C-type lectins (CTLs) play a variety of roles in plants and animals. They are involved in animal development, pathogen recognition, and the activation of immune responses. CTLs carry one or more non-catalytic carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) to bind specific carbohydrates reversibly. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional analysis of a single-CRD CTL, named C-type lectin-S2 (BmCTL-S2) from the domesticated silkmoth Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The ORF of CTL-S2 is 666 bp, which encodes a putative protein of 221 amino acids. BmCTL-S2 is expressed in a variety of immune-related tissues, including hemocytes and fat body among others. BmCTL-S2 mRNA level in the midgut and the fat body was significantly increased by bacterial challenges. The recombinant protein (rBmCTL-S2) bound different bacterial cell wall components and bacterial cells. rBmCTL-S2 also inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Taken together, we infer that BmCTL-S2 is a pattern-recognition receptor with antibacterial activities. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Bombyx/metabolismo Lectinas Tipo C/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Sequência de Aminoácidos Animais Sequência de Bases Bombyx/genética Bombyx/imunologia Corpo Adiposo/metabolismo Proteínas de Insetos/isolamento & purificação Proteínas de Insetos/fisiologia Larva/imunologia Larva/metabolismo Lectinas Tipo C/isolamento & purificação Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/metabolismo Análise de Sequência de DNA [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Insect Proteins); 0 (Lectins, C-Type); 0 (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171003 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171003 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170616 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1002/arch.21391

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[PMID]: 28542638 [Au] Autor: Luti S; Martellini F; Bemporad F; Mazzoli L; Paoli P; Pazzagli L [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. [Ti] Título: A single amino acid mutation affects elicitor and expansins-like activities of cerato-platanin, a non-catalytic fungal protein. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(5):e0178337, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Cerato-platanin (CP) is a non-catalytic, cysteine-rich protein, the first member of the cerato-platanin family. It is a single-domain protein with a double Ψ/ß barrel domain resembling the D1 domain of plant and bacterial expansins. Similarly to expansins, CP shows a cell wall-loosening activity on cellulose and can be defined as an expanisin-like protein, in spite of the missing D2 domain, normally present in plant expansins. The weakening activity shown on cellulose may facilitate the CP-host interaction, corroborating the role of CP in eliciting plant defence response. Indeed, CP is an elicitor of primary defences acting as a Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP). So far, structure-function relationship study has been mainly performed on the bacterial BsEXLX1 expansin, probably due to difficulties in expressing plant expansins in heterologous systems. Here, we report a subcloning and purification method of CP in the engineered E. coli SHuffle cells, which proved to be suitable to obtain the properly folded and biologically active protein. The method also enabled the production of the mutant D77A, rationally designed to be inactive. The wild-type and the mutated CP were characterized for cellulose weakening activity and for PAMP activity (i.e. induction of Reactive Oxygen Species synthesis and phytoalexins production). Our analysis reveals that the carboxyl group of D77 is crucial for expansin-like and PAMP activities, thus permitting to establish a correlation between the ability to weaken cellulose and the capacity to induce defence responses in plants. Our results enable the structural and functional characterization of a mono-domain eukaryotic expansin and identify the essential role of a specific aspartic residue in cellulose weakening. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Proteínas Fúngicas/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Substituição de Aminoácidos Celulose/metabolismo Escherichia coli/genética Proteínas Fúngicas/fisiologia Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/metabolismo Proteínas de Plantas/genética Proteínas de Plantas/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cerato-platanin protein, Ceratocystis fimbriata); 0 (Fungal Proteins); 0 (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules); 0 (Plant Proteins); 0 (expansin protein, plant); 9004-34-6 (Cellulose) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170919 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170919 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170526 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178337

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[PMID]: 28514447 [Au] Autor: Xu G; Greene GH; Yoo H; Liu L; Marqués J; Motley J; Dong X [Ad] Endereço: Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. [Ti] Título: Global translational reprogramming is a fundamental layer of immune regulation in plants. [So] Source: Nature;545(7655):487-490, 2017 05 25. [Is] ISSN: 1476-4687 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In the absence of specialized immune cells, the need for plants to reprogram transcription to transition from growth-related activities to defence is well understood. However, little is known about translational changes that occur during immune induction. Using ribosome footprinting, here we perform global translatome profiling on Arabidopsis exposed to the microbe-associated molecular pattern elf18. We find that during this pattern-triggered immunity, translation is tightly regulated and poorly correlated with transcription. Identification of genes with altered translational efficiency leads to the discovery of novel regulators of this immune response. Further investigation of these genes shows that messenger RNA sequence features are major determinants of the observed translational efficiency changes. In the 5' leader sequences of transcripts with increased translational efficiency, we find a highly enriched messenger RNA consensus sequence, R-motif, consisting of mostly purines. We show that R-motif regulates translation in response to pattern-triggered immunity induction through interaction with poly(A)-binding proteins. Therefore, this study provides not only strong evidence, but also a molecular mechanism, for global translational reprogramming during pattern-triggered immunity in plants. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Arabidopsis/genética Arabidopsis/imunologia Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas Padrões Moleculares Associados a Patógenos/imunologia Imunidade Vegetal/genética Biossíntese de Proteínas/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Sequência Consenso/genética Perfilação da Expressão Gênica Motivos de Nucleotídeos Poli A/metabolismo RNA Mensageiro/genética RNA de Plantas/genética Ribossomos/metabolismo Transcrição Genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules); 0 (RNA, Messenger); 0 (RNA, Plant); 24937-83-5 (Poly A) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171117 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171117 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170518 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/nature22371

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