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[PMID]: 28449844 [Au] Autor: Martirosov DM; Bidell MR; Pai MP; Scheetz MH; Rosenkranz SL; Lodise TP [Ad] Endereço: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12008, USA. [Ti] Título: Relationship between vancomycin exposure and outcomes among patients with MRSA bloodstream infections with vancomycin Etest® MIC values of 1.5mg/L: A pilot study. [So] Source: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis;88(3):259-263, 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1879-0070 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Data suggest that vancomycin is less effective for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection (BSI) with vancomycin Etest® MIC (MIC ) ≥1.5 mg/L. No published studies have evaluated the relationship between vancomycin exposure and outcomes among patients with MRSA BSIs vancomycin MIC ≥1.5 mg/L. This study was a retrospective cohort of 71 hospitalized, adult, non-dialysis patients with MRSA BSIs treated with vancomycin. All but three patients had a vancomycin MIC of 1.5 mg/L. Achievement of CART-derived AUC of at least 550 mg*h/L (AUC /MIC of 366 mg*h/L) was associated with a lower incidence of treatment failure. In multivariate analyses, the risk ratio was 0.45 for the CART-derived AUC threshold, indicating that achievement of the CART-derived AUC threshold of 550 was associated with a 2-fold decrease in treatment failure. These findings suggest a potential association between vancomycin exposure and outcomes in patients with MRSA BSIs with MIC ≥1.5 mg/L. As this study was retrospective, these findings provide the basis for a future large-scale, multi-center prospective study. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico Bacteriemia/microbiologia Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Vancomicina/uso terapêutico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Antibacterianos/farmacologia Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação Meia-Idade Projetos Piloto Estudos Retrospectivos Resultado do Tratamento Vancomicina/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 6Q205EH1VU (Vancomycin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29202140 [Au] Autor: Nawrot U; Sulik-Tyszka B; Kurzyk E; Mroczynska M; Wlodarczyk K; Wróblewska M; Basak GW; Brillowska-Dabrowska A [Ad] Endereço: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. [Ti] Título: Relation of the polymorphism of cyp51A sequence and the susceptibility of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates to triazoles determined by commercial gradient test (Etest) and by reference methods. [So] Source: Acta Biochim Pol;64(4):631-634, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1734-154X [Cp] País de publicação: Poland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of commercial gradient test (Etest) in the detection of triazole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolates using reference microdilution methods and the analysis of sequences of the cyp 51A gene. The study was performed on twenty clinical isolates which were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus based on the DNA sequences of the ITS1-2 fragment of ribosomal DNA and the ß-tubulin gene, out of them seventeen isolates showed wild-type cyp51A sequence and three were positive for the mutation TR34/L98H. All isolates were tested for the susceptibility to itraconazole (ITZ), voriconazole (VOR) and posaconasole (POS) using microdilution methods, according to EUCAST and CLSI protocols, as well as using Etest. The results of microdilution and Etests were analysed separately according to clinical breakpoints (CBP) defined by EUCAST version 7.0 and epidemiological cut off values (ECV). Etest as well as reference methods excellently recognised the WT isolates, which were susceptible to all tested triazoles, regardless of the method and CBP or ECV criteria used. The Etest recognized three non-WT isolates as resistant or intermediately sensitive to ITZ and POS and one as resistant to VOR. The categorical concordance between Etests and EUCAST and Etests and the CLSI method ranged from 90 to 100%. The interpretation of the results obtained from routine A. fumigatus Etests requires great caution. The use of the confirmative examinations with reference AST methods as well as with molecular tests is recommended. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antifúngicos/farmacologia Aspergillus fumigatus/efeitos dos fármacos Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão/métodos Farmacorresistência Fúngica/efeitos dos fármacos Proteínas Fúngicas/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aspergillus fumigatus/genética Farmacorresistência Fúngica/genética Itraconazol/farmacologia Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos Polimorfismo Genético Triazóis/farmacologia Voriconazol/farmacologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Fungal Proteins); 0 (Triazoles); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System); EC 1.14.14.- (cytochrome P-450 CYP51A, Aspergillus); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180223 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180223 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171205 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.18388/abp.2017_1571

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[PMID]: 28459227 [Au] Autor: Jarajreh D; Aqel A; Alzoubi H; Al-Zereini W [Ad] Endereço: Faculty of Science, Mu'tah University, Alkarak, Jordan. doaa_j2008@yahoo.com. [Ti] Título: Prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the first study in Jordan. [So] Source: J Infect Dev Ctries;11(4):350-354, 2017 Apr 30. [Is] ISSN: 1972-2680 [Cp] País de publicação: Italy [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: INTRODUCTION: A high rate of infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been documented, in both hospital- (HA-MRSA) and community-acquired (CA-MRSA) diseases in Jordan. Erythromycin and clindamycin are considered treatments of choice. However, resistance to erythromycin with false susceptibility to clindamycin in vitro may lead to therapeutic failure. Hence, it is mandatory to study the prevalence of inducible resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLSB) antibiotics conferred by erm genes in those bacteria. METHODOLOGY: S. aureus isolates were identified morphologically and biochemically, and MRSA were appraised using standard procedures. Induction in resistance to MLSB antibiotics among MRSA isolates was detected phenotypically using the D-test, and the presence of erm genes was revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Of 126 collected Staphylococcus isolates, 71 (56.3%) isolates were S. aureus, of which 55 (77.5%) were MRSA. A total of 43 (78.2%) MRSA-discordant isolates were resistant to erythromycin, of which 33 (76.7%) exhibited the iMLSB (D-test positive), 2 (4.7%) the MSB (D-test negative), and 8 (18.6%) the constitutive resistant (cMLSB) phenotypes. Induction of clindamycin resistance was 1.6 times greater in CA-MRSA than in HA-MRSA. Furthermore, ermA and ermC were significantly prevalent in HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous surveillance of the MLSB resistance is important and required before the prescription of clindamycin to treat MRSA infections. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Clindamicina/farmacologia Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Ativação Transcricional [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica Jordânia/epidemiologia Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Prevalência Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 3U02EL437C (Clindamycin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180109 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180109 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170502 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3855/jidc.8316

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[PMID]: 27771188 [Au] Autor: Pailhoriès H; Kempf M; Belmonte O; Joly-Guillou ML; Eveillard M [Ad] Endereço: L'UNAM Université d'Angers, ATOMycA, Inserm Equipe Avenir, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 CNRS, IRIS, CHU, Angers, France; Laboratoire de bactériologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France. [Ti] Título: First case of OXA-24-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in cattle from Reunion Island, France. [So] Source: Int J Antimicrob Agents;48(6):763-764, 2016 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1872-7913 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Infecções por Acinetobacter/veterinária Acinetobacter baumannii/enzimologia Acinetobacter baumannii/isolamento & purificação beta-Lactamases/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Infecções por Acinetobacter/microbiologia Acinetobacter baumannii/classificação Acinetobacter baumannii/genética Animais Bovinos Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão França Genótipo Ilhas Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real Reunião [Pt] Tipo de publicação: LETTER [Nm] Nome de substância: EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase OXA-24) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1703 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171226 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171226 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161025 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28797043 [Au] Autor: Ramanathan B; Jindal HM; Le CF; Gudimella R; Anwar A; Razali R; Poole-Johnson J; Manikam R; Sekaran SD [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Ti] Título: Next generation sequencing reveals the antibiotic resistant variants in the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(8):e0182524, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Rapid progress in next generation sequencing and allied computational tools have aided in identification of single nucleotide variants in genomes of several organisms. In the present study, we have investigated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ten multi-antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. All the draft genomes were submitted to Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology (RAST) web server and the predicted protein sequences were used for comparison. Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNP) found in the clinical isolates compared to the reference genome (PAO1), and the comparison of nsSNPs between antibiotic resistant and susceptible clinical isolates revealed insights into the genome variation. These nsSNPs identified in the multi-drug resistant clinical isolates were found to be altering a single amino acid in several antibiotic resistant genes. We found mutations in genes encoding efflux pump systems, cell wall, DNA replication and genes involved in repair mechanism. In addition, nucleotide deletions in the genome and mutations leading to generation of stop codons were also observed in the antibiotic resistant clinical isolates. Next generation sequencing is a powerful tool to compare the whole genomes and analyse the single base pair variations found within the antibiotic resistant genes. We identified specific mutations within antibiotic resistant genes compared to the susceptible strain of the same bacterial species and these findings may provide insights to understand the role of single nucleotide variants in antibiotic resistance. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão Genoma Bacteriano Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala Seres Humanos Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único Infecções por Pseudomonas/tratamento farmacológico Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos Análise de Sequência de DNA [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171006 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171006 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170811 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182524

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[PMID]: 28764660 [Au] Autor: Martirosov DM; Bidell MR; Pai MP; Scheetz MH; Rosenkranz SL; Faragon C; Malik M; Mendes RE; Jones RN; McNutt LA; Lodise TP [Ad] Endereço: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, 12208-3492, USA. [Ti] Título: Relationship between day 1 and day 2 Vancomycin area under the curve values and emergence of heterogeneous Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) by Etest® macromethod among patients with MRSA bloodstream infections: a pilot study. [So] Source: BMC Infect Dis;17(1):534, 2017 Aug 02. [Is] ISSN: 1471-2334 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: In vitro data suggests that suboptimal initial vancomycin exposure may select for heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) infections. However, no clinical studies have evaluated the relationship between initial vancomycin exposure and emergence of hVISA. This pilot study seeks to assess the relationship between day 1 and day 2 vancomycin area under the curve (AUC) and emergence of hVISA bloodstream infections (BSIs) by Etest® macromethod among patients with a non-hVISA BSI at baseline. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) BSIs at Albany Medical Center Hospital (AMCH) between January 2005 and June 2009. The vancomycin AUC exposure variables on day 1 (AUC ) and day 2 (AUC ) were estimated using the maximal a posteriori probability (MAP) procedure in ADAPT 5. RESULTS: There were 238 unique episodes of MRSA BSIs during the study period, 119 of which met inclusion criteria. Overall, hVISA emerged in 7/119 (5.9%) of patients. All 7 cases of hVISA involved patients who did not achieve area under the curve over broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC /MIC ) ratio of 521 or an AUC /MIC ratio of 650. No associations between other day 1 and day 2 AUC variables and emergence of hVISA were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Although more data are needed to draw definitive conclusions, these findings suggest that hVISA emergence among patients with non-hVISA MRSA BSIs at baseline may be partially explained by suboptimal exposure to vancomycin in the first 1 to 2 days of therapy. At a minimum, these findings support further study of the relationship between initial vancomycin exposure and hVISA emergence among patients with MRSA BSIs in a well-powered, multi-center, prospective trial. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacocinética Bacteriemia/microbiologia Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos Vancomicina/farmacocinética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Área Sob a Curva Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão Seres Humanos Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/patogenicidade Projetos Piloto Estudos Prospectivos Estudos Retrospectivos Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade Vancomicina/farmacologia Resistência a Vancomicina/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 6Q205EH1VU (Vancomycin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171023 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171023 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170803 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2609-0

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[PMID]: 28721848 [Au] Autor: Saffari M; Karami S; Firoozeh F; Sehat M [Ad] Endereço: 1​Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine' Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. [Ti] Título: Evaluation of biofilm-specific antimicrobial resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Farabi Hospital. [So] Source: J Med Microbiol;66(7):905-909, 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1473-5644 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Biofilm produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the cause of infection induced by contact lenses, trauma and post-surgery infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate biofilm formation and the presence of the genes ndvB and tssC1 in ocular infection isolates of P. aeruginosa. METHODS: A total of 92 P. aeruginosa strains were collected from patients with ocular infection referred to Farabi Hospital between March 2014 and July 2015. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were evaluated by the agar disc-diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. PCR assays were used to detect ndvB and tssC1, genes associated with resistance in biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. Biofilm formation ability was examined by crystal violet microtitre plate assay. RESULTS: During the period of study, 92 P. aeruginosa were isolated from ocular infections including keratitis (n=84) and endophthalmitis (n=8). The highest resistance rates were seen against colistin (57.6 %) and gentamicin (50 %) and the lowest resistance rates were seen against imipenem (3.3 %), aztreonam (4.3 %), piperacillin-tazobactam (4.3 %), ceftazidime (4.3 %) and ciprofloxacin (5.4 %). Biofilm production ability was found in 100 % of the isolates. PCR assays showed that of the 92 P. aeruginosa isolates, 96.7 and 90.2 % harboured the genes ndvB and tssC1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed a considerable ability of biofilm production, as well as the occurrence of biofilm-specific antimicrobial resistance genes (ndvB and tssC1), in P. aeruginosa isolates from ocular infections in Farabi Hospital. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Genes Bacterianos Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Criança Pré-Escolar Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão Feminino Genótipo Hospitais Seres Humanos Lactente Irã (Geográfico) Masculino Meia-Idade Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170809 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170809 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170720 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000521

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[PMID]: 28703700 [Au] Autor: Bardoloi V; Yogeesha Babu KV [Ad] Endereço: Department of Microbiology, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India. [Ti] Título: Comparative study of isolates from community-acquired and catheter-associated urinary tract infections with reference to biofilm-producing property, antibiotic sensitivity and multi-drug resistance. [So] Source: J Med Microbiol;66(7):927-936, 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1473-5644 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: PURPOSE: Urinary tract infection (UTI) can be community-acquired (Com-UTI) or catheter-associated (CAUTI) and may be associated with biofilm-producing organisms. A comparative analysis of biofilm-producing property (BPP), antibiotic-sensitivity and multi-drug resistance (MDR) and their relation with the BPP of isolates from Com-UTI and CAUTI has not yet been performed and necessitated this study. OBJECTIVES: (1) isolation of bacteria from CAUTI and Com-UTI and identification of their BPP, antibiotic-sensitivity and MDR status; (2) comparison of the isolates from CAUTI and Com-UTI as regards BPP, MDR status and their relation with BPP. METHOD: isolates from 100 cases each of Com-UTI and CAUTI were subjected to Congo redagar (CRA) and Safranin tube tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated using the disc diffusion method. Both groups were compared regarding BPP, drug sensitivity and MDR status. Statistical analyses were performed using χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: 76.19 % of isolates from Com-UTI and 60.72 % from CAUTI had BPP (P=0.0252; significant). The Safranin tube test detected more isolates with BPP than the CRA test. MDR is greater in CAUTI than Com-UTI (83.33 % versus 64.76 %; P=0.0039; significant). MDR is greater in isolates with BPP in both Com-UTI and CAUTI (76.47 and 62.35 %; non-significant). CONCLUSIONS: BPP was found in both Com-UTI and CAUTI. When used together, the Safranin tube test and the CRA test increased the sensitivity of detecting BPP. MDR was higher in CAUTI than Com-UTI. MDR and BPP are not interrelated or associated, especially in settings where it is not certain that isolates were obtained from a well-formed biofilm. However, this does not rule out a higher incidence or prevalence of MDR in isolates with BPP taken directly from the biofilms. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Bactérias/isolamento & purificação Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Estudos Prospectivos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170809 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170809 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170714 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000525

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[PMID]: 28693665 [Au] Autor: Ngbede EO; Raji MA; Kwanashie CN; Kwaga JKP; Adikwu AA; Maurice NA; Adamu AM [Ad] Endereço: 2​Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria 1​Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. [Ti] Título: Characterization of high level ampicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci isolated from non-hospital sources. [So] Source: J Med Microbiol;66(7):1027-1032, 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1473-5644 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: PURPOSE: High level ampicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci are being increasingly reported from non-hospital sources. This study was carried out to characterize these strains from non-hospital sources in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: A collection of Enterococcus faecium isolated from vegetables, soil, farm animals and manure and observed to be resistant to ampicillin (n=63) and gentamicin (n=37) discs, were screened for resistance to high levels of ampicillin and aminoglycoside using E-test strips. Putative high level ampicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant strains were screened for pbp5 and aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes, respectively, by PCR. The C-terminal region of the amplified pbp5 gene was also sequenced. RESULTS: Five (5/63) and thirty-five (35/37) of the ampicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant strains were identified as high level ampicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant E. faecium strains, respectively, based on the MIC results. The amplified pbp5 gene from the high level ampicillin-resistant isolates displayed 96-99 % nucleotide sequence similarity with the reference strains and three novel insertions (500Glu→Leu, 502Asp→Arg and 614Ile→Phe) in the amino acid sequence. Aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″) (100 %), aph(2')-Ic (88.8 %), aph(3')-IIIa (90 %) and ant(4')-Ia (40 %) were detected among the high level aminoglycoside-resistant isolates. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the characterization of high level ampicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecium among animals and vegetables in Nigeria. The results show that non-hospital sources can constitute a reservoir for potential dissemination of these strains and genes to humans via the food chain or by direct contact. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aminoglicosídeos/farmacologia Ampicilina/farmacologia Antibacterianos/farmacologia Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Enterococcus faecium/efeitos dos fármacos Microbiologia Ambiental Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/veterinária [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão Enterococcus faecium/isolamento & purificação Genes Bacterianos Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia Nigéria Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Aminoglycosides); 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 7C782967RD (Ampicillin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170809 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170809 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170712 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000518

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[PMID]: 28686663 [Au] Autor: Knafl D; Thalhammer F; Vossen MG [Ad] Endereço: Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. [Ti] Título: In-vitro release pharmacokinetics of amikacin, teicoplanin and polyhexanide in a platelet rich fibrin-layer (PRF)-a laboratory evaluation of a modern, autologous wound treatment. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(7):e0181090, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVES: Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous fibrin glue, produced from patients' blood, which, besides intraoperative use, has applications in the treatment of infected wounds. The combination with antimicrobial agents results in a prolonged antibacterial effect allowing for wound dressing change intervals of seven days even in infected wounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate release kinetics of amikacin, teicoplanin or polyhexanide from a PRF-layer. METHODS: PRF mixed with teicoplanin, amikacin or polyhexanide was sprayed on a silicon gauze patch and put on a colombia agar with bacteria with known minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and incubated for 24 hours and afterwards transferred to another agar with the same bacterial strain. Inhibition zones were measured every 24 hours. This was repeated on 7 consecutive days. Antibiotic concentrations were calculated by interpolation. RESULTS: More than 1000 mg/L teicoplanin were released within the first 24 hours and 28.22 mg/L after 168 hours. Amikacin release was above 10,000 mg/L within the first 24 hours and still 120.8 mg/L after 120 hours. A release of polyhexanide could be verified for the first 24 hours only. Consequently teicoplanin and amikacin released from PRF showed antimicrobial in-vitro effects for almost a week, whereas an antimicrobial effect of polyhexanide could only be verified for the first 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Our Results show that a weekly dressing regimen may be justified in wounds treated with PRF plus amikacin or teicoplanin, since bacteria will be eradicated over a considerable period of time after a single application of PRF. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Amicacina/farmacocinética Antibacterianos/farmacocinética Biguanidas/farmacocinética Preparações de Ação Retardada/farmacocinética Fibrina/farmacologia Teicoplanina/farmacocinética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Ágar/química Amicacina/farmacologia Antibacterianos/farmacologia Bandagens Biguanidas/farmacologia Preparações de Ação Retardada/farmacologia Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão Liberação Controlada de Fármacos Seres Humanos Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos Klebsiella pneumoniae/crescimento & desenvolvimento Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/crescimento & desenvolvimento Modelos Biológicos Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/farmacologia Plasma Rico em Plaquetas/química Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos Pseudomonas aeruginosa/crescimento & desenvolvimento Teicoplanina/farmacologia Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Biguanides); 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations); 0 (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor); 322U039GMF (polihexanide); 61036-62-2 (Teicoplanin); 84319SGC3C (Amikacin); 9001-31-4 (Fibrin); 9002-18-0 (Agar) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170922 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170922 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170708 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181090

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