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[PMID]: 29431328 [Au] Autor: Vokina VA; Sosedova LM; Filippova TM [Ti] Título: [The study of neurotoxicity of toluene in conditions of experimental modeling of prenatal hypoxic damage of the brain]. [So] Source: Gig Sanit;95(9):895-9, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 0016-9900 [Cp] País de publicação: Russia (Federation) [La] Idioma: rus [Ab] Resumo: There was executed the study of the impact of toluene on indices of behavior, cognitive capabilities and bioelectric activity of the brain in white rats with normal course of the period of antenatal development and against background ofprenatal hemic hypoxia Prenatal hypoxia was modeled in pregnant female rats by subcutaneous injection of sodium nitrite in a dose of 50 mg/kg at from the 10 to the 19 day of gestation. At the age of 3 months the males from the obtained offspring were exposed to inhalation exposure of toluene (150 ppm, 4 weeks). After exposure to toluene in animals there was evaluated the pattern of individual behavior, indices of cognitive capabilities and also bioelectric activity of the brain. There were revealed such common consistencies of transformations in the behavior of exposed to toluene animals with normal and impaired embryogenesis as disturbed motor activity, reduction of exploratory behavior and cognitive functions, impaired bioelectric potentials of the brain. Features of changes in behavior and EEG indices in toluene-exposed rats with prenatal hypoxia are characterized by inhibition of motor activity, increased anxiety and latency of main peaks of auditory and visual evoked potentials. Prenatal hypoxic damage of the central nervous system was shown to be an aggravating factor in toluene intoxication in rats. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Comportamento Animal Encéfalo Cognição Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica Complicações na Gravidez/fisiopatologia Tolueno/farmacologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos Comportamento Animal/fisiologia Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos Encéfalo/fisiopatologia Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos Cognição/fisiologia Modelos Animais de Doenças Feminino Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/complicações Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia Neurotoxinas/farmacologia Gravidez Ratos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Neurotoxins); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180213 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29364932 [Au] Autor: Kang BK; Kim JS; Ryun S; Chung CK [Ad] Endereço: Human Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. [Ti] Título: Prediction of movement intention using connectivity within motor-related network: An electrocorticography study. [So] Source: PLoS One;13(1):e0191480, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Most brain-machine interface (BMI) studies have focused only on the active state of which a BMI user performs specific movement tasks. Therefore, models developed for predicting movements were optimized only for the active state. The models may not be suitable in the idle state during resting. This potential maladaptation could lead to a sudden accident or unintended movement resulting from prediction error. Prediction of movement intention is important to develop a more efficient and reasonable BMI system which could be selectively operated depending on the user's intention. Physical movement is performed through the serial change of brain states: idle, planning, execution, and recovery. The motor networks in the primary motor cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are involved in these movement states. Neuronal communication differs between the states. Therefore, connectivity may change depending on the states. In this study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of connectivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortex to predict movement intention. Movement intention was successfully predicted by connectivity dynamics which may reflect changes in movement states. Furthermore, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is crucial in predicting movement intention to which primary motor cortex contributes. These results suggest that brain connectivity is an excellent approach in predicting movement intention. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Eletrocorticografia/métodos Movimento [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Mapeamento Encefálico Epilepsia/diagnóstico por imagem Epilepsia/fisiopatologia Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180125 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191480

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[PMID]: 28455103 [Au] Autor: Williams CAL; Panerai RB; Robinson TG; Haunton VJ [Ad] Endereço: University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, UK. Electronic address: calw1@student.le.ac.uk. [Ti] Título: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in the assessment of neurovascular coupling responses to cognitive examination in healthy controls: A feasibility study. [So] Source: J Neurosci Methods;284:57-62, 2017 Jun 01. [Is] ISSN: 1872-678X [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that paradigms from the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III), including those that had not been studied using TCD previously (novel) versus those which had been (established), would elicit changes in CBF velocity (CBFv). NEW METHOD: Healthy subjects were studied with bilateral transcranial Doppler (TCD), beat-to-beat blood pressure (Finapres), continuous electrocardiogram (ECG), and end-tidal CO (nasal capnography). After a 5-min baseline recording, cognitive tests of the ACE-III were presented to subjects, covering attention (SUB7, subtracting 7 from 100 sequentially), language (REP, repeating words and phrases), fluency (N-P, naming words), visuospatial (DRAW, clock-drawing), and memory (MEM, recalling name and address). An event marker noted question timing. RESULTS: Forty bilateral data sets were obtained (13 males, 37 right-hand dominant) with a median age of 31 years (IQR 22-52). Population normalized mean peak CBFv% in the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres, respectively, were: SUB7 (11.3±9.6%, 11.2±10.5%), N-P (12.7±11.7%, 11.5±12.0%), REP (12.9±11.7%, 11.6±11.6%), DRAW (13.3±11.7%, 13.2±15.4%) and MEM (13.2±10.3%, 12.0±10.1%). There was a significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant CBFv responses (p<0.008), but no difference between the amplitude of responses. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: For established paradigms, our results are in excellent agreement to what has been found previously in the middle cerebral artery. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive paradigms derived from the ACE-III led to significant lateralised changes in CBFv that were not distinct for novel paradigms. Further work is needed to assess the potential of paradigms to improve the interpretation of cognitive assessments in patients at risk of mild cognitive impairment. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/fisiologia Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem Encéfalo/fisiologia Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia Cognição/fisiologia Acoplamento Neurovascular/fisiologia Ultrassonografia Doppler Transcraniana/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos Estudos de Viabilidade Feminino Seres Humanos Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos Masculino Projetos Piloto Reprodutibilidade dos Testes Sensibilidade e Especificidade [Pt] Tipo de publicação: EVALUATION STUDIES; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170430 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27777172 [Au] Autor: Eickenberg M; Gramfort A; Varoquaux G; Thirion B [Ad] Endereço: Inria Parietal Team, Inria Saclay, France; Neurospin, I2BM, DSV, CEA Saclay, France; DATA Team, Informatics Department, Ecole normale supérieure, Paris, France. Electronic address: michael.eickenberg@nsup.org. [Ti] Título: Seeing it all: Convolutional network layers map the function of the human visual system. [So] Source: Neuroimage;152:184-194, 2017 May 15. [Is] ISSN: 1095-9572 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Convolutional networks used for computer vision represent candidate models for the computations performed in mammalian visual systems. We use them as a detailed model of human brain activity during the viewing of natural images by constructing predictive models based on their different layers and BOLD fMRI activations. Analyzing the predictive performance across layers yields characteristic fingerprints for each visual brain region: early visual areas are better described by lower level convolutional net layers and later visual areas by higher level net layers, exhibiting a progression across ventral and dorsal streams. Our predictive model generalizes beyond brain responses to natural images. We illustrate this on two experiments, namely retinotopy and face-place oppositions, by synthesizing brain activity and performing classical brain mapping upon it. The synthesis recovers the activations observed in the corresponding fMRI studies, showing that this deep encoding model captures representations of brain function that are universal across experimental paradigms. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos Modelos Neurológicos Córtex Visual/fisiologia Percepção Visual/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Seres Humanos Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador Imagem por Ressonância Magnética Estimulação Luminosa Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador Vias Visuais/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180308 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180308 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161026 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28469563 [Au] Autor: Kerr MSD; Sacré P; Kahn K; Park HJ; Johnson M; Lee J; Thompson S; Bulacio J; Jones J; González-Martínez J; Liégeois-Chauvel C; Sarma SV; Gale JT [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA. [Ti] Título: The Role of Associative Cortices and Hippocampus during Movement Perturbations. [So] Source: Front Neural Circuits;11:26, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1662-5110 [Cp] País de publicação: Switzerland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Although motor control has been extensively studied, most research involving neural recordings has focused on primary motor cortex, pre-motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and cerebellum. These regions are involved during normal movements, however, associative cortices and hippocampus are also likely involved during perturbed movements as one must detect the unexpected disturbance, inhibit the previous motor plan, and create a new plan to compensate. Minimal data is available on these brain regions during such "robust" movements. Here, epileptic patients implanted with intracerebral electrodes performed reaching movements while experiencing occasional unexpected force perturbations allowing study of the fronto-parietal, limbic and hippocampal network at unprecedented high spatial, and temporal scales. Areas including orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus showed increased activation during perturbed trials. These results, coupled with a visual novelty control task, suggest the hippocampal MTL-P300 novelty response is modality independent, and that the OFC is involved in modifying motor plans during robust movement. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Mapeamento Encefálico Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia Potenciais Evocados Visuais/fisiologia Hipocampo/fisiopatologia Transtornos dos Movimentos/patologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Eletroencefalografia Epilepsia/complicações Feminino Seres Humanos Imagem por Ressonância Magnética Masculino Meia-Idade Transtornos dos Movimentos/etiologia Vias Neurais/fisiopatologia Testes Neuropsicológicos Estimulação Luminosa Fatores de Tempo Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180307 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180307 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170505 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00026

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[PMID]: 29348512 [Au] Autor: Dimsdale-Zucker HR; Ritchey M; Ekstrom AD; Yonelinas AP; Ranganath C [Ad] Endereço: Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA. hrzucker@ucdavis.edu. [Ti] Título: CA1 and CA3 differentially support spontaneous retrieval of episodic contexts within human hippocampal subfields. [So] Source: Nat Commun;9(1):294, 2018 01 18. [Is] ISSN: 2041-1723 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The hippocampus plays a critical role in spatial and episodic memory. Mechanistic models predict that hippocampal subfields have computational specializations that differentially support memory. However, there is little empirical evidence suggesting differences between the subfields, particularly in humans. To clarify how hippocampal subfields support human spatial and episodic memory, we developed a virtual reality paradigm where participants passively navigated through houses (spatial contexts) across a series of videos (episodic contexts). We then used multivariate analyses of high-resolution fMRI data to identify neural representations of contextual information during recollection. Multi-voxel pattern similarity analyses revealed that CA1 represented objects that shared an episodic context as more similar than those from different episodic contexts. CA23DG showed the opposite pattern, differentiating between objects encountered in the same episodic context. The complementary characteristics of these subfields explain how we can parse our experiences into cohesive episodes while retaining the specific details that support vivid recollection. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Região CA1 Hipocampal/fisiologia Região CA3 Hipocampal/fisiologia Memória Episódica Percepção Espacial/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Mapeamento Encefálico Feminino Seres Humanos Imagem por Ressonância Magnética Masculino Rememoração Mental/fisiologia Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S. [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180306 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180306 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180120 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02752-1

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[PMID]: 29480872 [Au] Autor: Lu J; Guo S; Chen M; Wang W; Yang H; Guo D; Yao D [Ad] Endereço: The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation. [Ti] Título: Generate the scale-free brain music from BOLD signals. [So] Source: Medicine (Baltimore);97(2):e9628, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1536-5964 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Many methods have been developed to translate a human electroencephalogram (EEG) into music. In addition to EEG, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is another method used to study the brain and can reflect physiological processes. In 2012, we established a method to use simultaneously recorded fMRI and EEG signals to produce EEG-fMRI music, which represents a step toward scale-free brain music. In this study, we used a neural mass model, the Jansen-Rit model, to simulate activity in several cortical brain regions. The interactions between different brain regions were represented by the average normalized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) structural connectivity with a coupling coefficient that modulated the coupling strength. Seventy-eight brain regions were adopted from the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) template. Furthermore, we used the Balloon-Windkessel hemodynamic model to transform neural activity into a blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal. Because the fMRI BOLD signal changes slowly, we used a sampling rate of 250 Hz to produce the temporal series for music generation. Then, the BOLD music was generated for each region using these simulated BOLD signals. Because the BOLD signal is scale free, these music pieces were also scale free, which is similar to classic music. Here, to simulate the case of an epileptic patient, we changed the parameter that determined the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in the neural mass model. Finally, we obtained BOLD music for healthy and epileptic patients. The differences in levels of arousal between the 2 pieces of music may provide a potential tool for discriminating the different populations if the differences can be confirmed by more real data. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia Imagem por Ressonância Magnética Modelos Neurológicos Música Oxigênio/sangue [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Nível de Alerta Percepção Auditiva Encéfalo/fisiologia Encéfalo/fisiopatologia Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos Imagem de Tensor de Difusão Epilepsia/diagnóstico por imagem Epilepsia/fisiopatologia Seres Humanos Julgamento Imagem por Ressonância Magnética/métodos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: S88TT14065 (Oxygen) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180227 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009628

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[PMID]: 29362449 [Au] Autor: Korn CW; Bach DR [Ad] Endereço: Division of Clinical Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lengstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland. c.korn@uke.de. [Ti] Título: Heuristic and optimal policy computations in the human brain during sequential decision-making. [So] Source: Nat Commun;9(1):325, 2018 01 23. [Is] ISSN: 2041-1723 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Optimal decisions across extended time horizons require value calculations over multiple probabilistic future states. Humans may circumvent such complex computations by resorting to easy-to-compute heuristics that approximate optimal solutions. To probe the potential interplay between heuristic and optimal computations, we develop a novel sequential decision-making task, framed as virtual foraging in which participants have to avoid virtual starvation. Rewards depend only on final outcomes over five-trial blocks, necessitating planning over five sequential decisions and probabilistic outcomes. Here, we report model comparisons demonstrating that participants primarily rely on the best available heuristic but also use the normatively optimal policy. FMRI signals in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) relate to heuristic and optimal policies and associated choice uncertainties. Crucially, reaction times and dorsal MPFC activity scale with discrepancies between heuristic and optimal policies. Thus, sequential decision-making in humans may emerge from integration between heuristic and optimal policies, implemented by controllers in MPFC. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Encéfalo/fisiologia Comportamento de Escolha/fisiologia Tomada de Decisões/fisiologia Heurística/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Mapeamento Encefálico Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia Feminino Seres Humanos Imagem por Ressonância Magnética Masculino Estimulação Luminosa Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia Tempo de Reação/fisiologia Recompensa Incerteza Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180125 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02750-3

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[PMID]: 28459000 [Au] Autor: Ramos Bernardes da Silva Filho S; Oliveira Barbosa JH; Rondinoni C; Dos Santos AC; Garrido Salmon CE; da Costa Lima NK; Ferriolli E; Moriguti JC [Ad] Endereço: Ribeirao Preto Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Ti] Título: Neuro-degeneration profile of Alzheimer's patients: A brain morphometry study. [So] Source: Neuroimage Clin;15:15-24, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 2213-1582 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is marked by cognitive deterioration and memory impairment. Atrophy of hippocampus and other basal brain regions is one of the most predominant structural imaging findings related to AD. Most studies have evaluated the pre-clinical and initial stages of AD through clinical trials using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Structural biomarkers for advanced AD stages have not been evaluated yet, being considered only hypothetically. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the brain morphometry of AD patients at all disease stages, identifying the structural neuro-degeneration profile associated with AD severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: AD patients aged 60 years or over at different AD stages were recruited and grouped into three groups following the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score: CDR1 (n = 16), CDR2 (n = 15), CDR3 (n = 13). Age paired healthy volunteers (n = 16) were also recruited (control group). Brain images were acquired on a 3T magnetic resonance scanner using a conventional Gradient eco 3D T1-w sequence without contrast injection. Volumetric quantitative data and cortical thickness were obtained by automatic segmentation using the Freesurfer software. Volume of each brain region was normalized by the whole brain volume in order to minimize age and body size effects. Volume and cortical thickness variations among groups were compared. RESULTS: Atrophy was observed in the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal region, temporal pole and temporal lobe of patients suffering from AD at any stage. Cortical thickness was reduced only in the parahippocampal gyrus at all disease stages. Volume and cortical thickness were correlated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in all studied regions, as well as with CDR and disease duration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As previously reported, brain regions affected by AD during its initial stages, such as hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal region, were found to be altered even in individuals with severe AD. In addition, individuals, specifically, with CDR 3, have multiple regions with lower volumes than individuals with a CDR 2. These results indicate that rates of atrophy have not plateaued out at CDR 2-3, and in severe patients there are yet neuronal loss and gliosis. These findings can add important information to the more accepted model in the literature that focuses mainly on early stages. Our findings allow a better understanding on the AD pathophysiologic process and follow-up process of drug treatment even at advanced disease stages. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagem Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Doença de Alzheimer/patologia Atrofia/diagnóstico por imagem Atrofia/patologia Encéfalo/patologia Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Doenças Neurodegenerativas/diagnóstico por imagem Doenças Neurodegenerativas/patologia Tamanho do Órgão [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180302 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180302 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170502 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.001

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[PMID]: 28458999 [Au] Autor: Sethi A; Evelyn-Rahr E; Dowell N; Jain S; Voon V; Critchley HD; Harrison NA; Cercignani M [Ad] Endereço: Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. [Ti] Título: Magnetization transfer imaging identifies basal ganglia abnormalities in adult ADHD that are invisible to conventional T1 weighted voxel-based morphometry. [So] Source: Neuroimage Clin;15:8-14, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 2213-1582 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In childhood, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is reliably associated with reduced volume of the striatum. In contrast, striatal abnormalities are infrequently detected in voxel-based morphometry (VBM) neuroimaging studies of adults with ADHD. This discrepancy has been suggested to reflect normalisation of striatal morphology with age and prolonged treatment of symptoms. If so, this would indicate that while striatal abnormalities are linked to symptom expression in childhood, they cannot explain the persistence of these symptoms in adulthood. However, this may not be case. Instead, we hypothesized that the lack of evidence for striatal abnormalities in adult ADHD may reflect poor sensitivity of typical (T1-weighted) neuroimaging to detect subcortical differences. To address this, we acquired both magnetisation transfer (MT) saturation maps optimised for subcortical contrast, and conventional T1-weighted images in 30 adults with ADHD and 30 age, IQ, gender and handedness-matched controls. Using VBM of both datasets, we demonstrate volumetric reductions within the left ventral striatum on MT that are not observed on identically pre-processed T1-weighted images from the same participants. Nevertheless, both techniques reported similar sensitivity to cortical abnormalities in the right inferior parietal lobe. Additionally, we show that differences in striatal iron may potentially explain this reduced sensitivity of T1-weighted images in adults. Together, these findings indicate that prior VBM studies reporting no abnormalities in striatal volume in adult ADHD might have been compromised by the methodological insensitivity of T1-weighted VBM to subcortical differences, and that structural abnormalities of the striatum in ADHD do indeed persist into adulthood. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico por imagem Gânglios da Base/diagnóstico por imagem Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos Imagem por Ressonância Magnética/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/metabolismo Gânglios da Base/metabolismo Feminino Seres Humanos Ferro/metabolismo Masculino Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: E1UOL152H7 (Iron) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180302 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180302 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170502 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.012

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