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[PMID]: 29390480 [Au] Autor: Li S; Liu X; He Y; Li Q; Ji L; Shen W; Tong G [Ad] Endereço: Department of Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University. [Ti] Título: Nutritional therapy and effect assessment of infants with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia: Case reports. [So] Source: Medicine (Baltimore);96(51):e9240, 2017 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1536-5964 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: RATIONALE: Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a rare enteropathy involving the expansion and rupture of intestinal lymphatic channels. Although several reports have studied cases of primary IL (PIL), this condition is very rare, and is even less commonly encountered in infants. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional therapy and effect assessment of chylous reflux disorder caused by PIL in infants. PATIENT CONCERNS: Infantile patients were enrolled in the Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital of the Capital Medical University between January 2012 and March 2014. The minimum age of onset was 4 months and the maximum age of onset was 16 months, with an average age of 4.9 months. DIAGNOSES: All children were inpatient who had been diagnosed with chylous reflux syndrome (chylothorax and/or chylic abdomen) caused by PIL. INTERVENTIONS: Retrospective analysis and individualized nutrition therapy of these cases were carried out. Finally, nutritional therapy and prognosis of PIL were assessed and summarized. OUTCOMES: All the children survived, showed improvement in the serum total protein, albumin, and HGB levels after nutritional therapy. After comprehensive nutritional therapy, we were able to achieve diarrhea control for all the 9 patients, and after treatment, the children passed soft, yellow stools 1 to 2 times/d. After treatment, the height and weight of all patients increased to within the normal ranges of the World Health Organization standard chart. The mean serum albumin level reached 41.3 g/L. All nutrition-related indicators were found to have significant improvement compared with the baseline levels. LESSONS: The results revealed that nutritional therapy for the 9 children with PIL was effective, and it may be able to improve the clinical syndromes and symptoms of children with PIL and promote recovery. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Linfangiectasia Intestinal/dietoterapia Linfangiectasia Intestinal/patologia Terapia Nutricional/métodos Estado Nutricional/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Biópsia por Agulha Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia China Feminino Seguimentos Hospitais Universitários Seres Humanos Imuno-Histoquímica Lactente Linfangiectasia Intestinal/diagnóstico Masculino Estudos Retrospectivos Medição de Risco Índice de Gravidade de Doença Fatores de Tempo Resultado do Tratamento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180214 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180214 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180203 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009240

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[PMID]: 28958344 [Au] Autor: Raynor HA; Davidson PG; Burns H; Nadelson MDH; Mesznik S; Uhley V; Moloney L [Ti] Título: Medical Nutrition Therapy and Weight Loss Questions for the Evidence Analysis Library Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Project: Systematic Reviews. [So] Source: J Acad Nutr Diet;117(10):1578-1611, 2017 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 2212-2672 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Eleven recommendations, based on systematic reviews, were developed for the Evidence Analysis Library's prevention of type 2 diabetes project. Two recommendations, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and weight loss, were rated strong. OBJECTIVE: Present the basis of systematic reviews for MNT and weight loss recommendations. METHODS: Literature searches using Medline were conducted to identify studies that met eligibility criteria. The MNT literature search covered a time span of 1995 to 2012, the weight loss literature search covered 2008 to 2012 due to inclusion of a Cochrane Review meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2008. Eligibility criteria for inclusion of articles included original research using higher-quality study designs (ie, RCTs, case control, cohort, crossover, and nonrandomized trials) with participants aged >18 years and meeting prediabetes or metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria. MNT was defined as individualized and delivered by a registered dietitian nutritionist or international equivalent and length of weight loss interventions was ≥3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two-hour postprandial blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin level, albumin-to-creatinine ratio (metabolic syndrome samples only), fasting blood glucose level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride levels, urinary albumin excretion rate (metabolic syndrome samples only), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio were evaluated. RESULTS: For MNT, 11 publications were included, with all 11 using an RCT study design and 10 including participants with prediabetes. A majority of publications reported significant improvements in glycemic outcomes, WC, and blood pressure. For weight loss, 28 publications were identified, with one meta-analysis (only included RCTs) and 20 publications using an RCT study design, with the meta-analysis and 10 RCTs including participants with prediabetes. A majority of publications reported significant improvements in glycemic outcomes, triglyceride level, WC, and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic reviews provided strong evidence that MNT and weight loss alter clinical parameters in ways that should reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle Terapia Nutricional/métodos Comportamento de Redução do Risco Perda de Peso [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Glicemia/análise Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia Hemoglobina A Glicada/análise Seres Humanos Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto Literatura de Revisão como Assunto Fatores de Risco Circunferência da Cintura Relação Cintura-Quadril [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Blood Glucose); 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A); 0 (hemoglobin A1c protein, human) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170930 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28878035 [Au] Autor: Omotayo MO; Dickin KL; Pelletier DL; Mwanga EO; Kung'u JK; Stoltzfus RJ [Ad] Endereço: Program in International Nutrition, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; momotayo@buffalo.edu. [Ti] Título: A Simplified Regimen Compared with WHO Guidelines Decreases Antenatal Calcium Supplement Intake for Prevention of Preeclampsia in a Cluster-Randomized Noninferiority Trial in Rural Kenya. [So] Source: J Nutr;147(10):1986-1991, 2017 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1541-6100 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: To prevent preeclampsia, the WHO recommends antenatal calcium supplementation in populations with inadequate habitual intake. The WHO recommends 1500-2000 mg Ca/d with iron-folic acid (IFA) taken separately, a complex pill-taking regimen. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that simpler regimens with lower daily dosages would lead to higher adherence and similar supplement intake. In the Micronutrient Initiative Calcium Supplementation study, we compared the mean daily supplement intake associated with 2 dosing regimens with the use of a parallel, cluster-randomized noninferiority trial implemented in 16 primary health care facilities in rural Kenya. The standard regimen was 3 × 500 mg Ca/d in 3 pill-taking events, and the low-dose regimen was 2 × 500 mg Ca/d in 2 pill-taking events; both regimens included a 200 IU cholecalciferol and calcium pill and a separate IFA pill. We enrolled 990 pregnant women between 16 and 30 wk of gestation. The primary outcome was supplemental calcium intake measured by pill counts 4 and 8 wk after recruitment. We carried out intention-to-treat analyses with the use of mixed-effect models, with regimen as the fixed effect and health care facilities as a random effect, by using a noninferiority margin of 125 mg Ca/d. Women in facilities assigned to the standard regimen consumed a mean of 1198 mg Ca/d, whereas those assigned to the low-dose regimen consumed 810 mg Ca/d. The difference in intake was 388 mg Ca/d (95% CI = 341, 434 mg Ca/d), exceeding the prespecified margin of 125 mg Ca/d. The overall adherence rate was 80% and did not differ between study arms. Contrary to our expectation, a simpler, lower-dose regimen led to significantly lower supplement intake than the regimen recommended by the WHO. Further studies are needed to precisely characterize the dose-response relation of calcium supplementation and preeclampsia risk and to examine cost effectiveness of lower and simpler regimens in program settings. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02238704. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cálcio na Dieta/administração & dosagem Suplementos Nutricionais Terapia Nutricional Cooperação do Paciente Pré-Eclâmpsia/prevenção & controle Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Colecalciferol/administração & dosagem Feminino Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem Guias como Assunto Seres Humanos Ferro/administração & dosagem Quênia Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem Terapia Nutricional/normas Gravidez População Rural Organização Mundial da Saúde Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Calcium, Dietary); 0 (Micronutrients); 1C6V77QF41 (Cholecalciferol); 935E97BOY8 (Folic Acid); E1UOL152H7 (Iron) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171012 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171012 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170908 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.251926

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[PMID]: 28764919 [Au] Autor: Wu HY; Fukuma S; Shimizu S; Norton EC; Tu YK; Hung KY; Chen MR; Chien KL; Fukuhara S [Ad] Endereço: Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medici [Ti] Título: Effects of Higher Quality of Care on Initiation of Long-term Dialysis in Patients With CKD and Diabetes. [So] Source: Am J Kidney Dis;70(5):666-674, 2017 Nov. [Is] ISSN: 1523-6838 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: The burden of diabetes-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) on individuals and society is increasing, shifting attention toward improving the quality of care for patients with CKD and diabetes. We assessed the quality of CKD care and its association with long-term dialysis, acute kidney injury (AKI), and death. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (2004-2011). SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Adults in Taiwan with incident CKD enrolled in the Longitudinal Cohort of Diabetes Patients. PREDICTORS: 3 CKD-care quality indicators based on medical and pharmacy claims data were studied: prescription of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, testing for proteinuria, and nutritional guidance. Each was examined individually, and all were summed into an overall quality score. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was initiation of long-term dialysis therapy. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization due to AKI and death from any cause. MEASUREMENTS: Using instrumental variables related to the quality indicators to minimize both unmeasured and measured confounding, we fit a 2-stage residual inclusion model to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for each outcome. RESULTS: Among the 63,260 patients enrolled, 43.9% were prescribed renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, 60.6% were tested for proteinuria, and 13.4% received nutritional guidance. During a median follow-up of 37.9 months, 1,471 patients started long-term dialysis therapy, 2,739 patients were hospitalized due to AKI, and 4,407 patients died. Higher overall quality scores were associated with lower hazards for long-term dialysis in instrumental variable analyses (HR of 0.62 [95% CI, 0.40-0.98] per 1-point greater score) and hospitalization due to AKI (HR of 0.69 [95% CI, 0.50-0.96] per 1-point greater score). The hazard for all-cause death was nonsignificantly lower (HR of 0.80 [95% CI, 0.62-1.03] per 1-point greater score). LIMITATIONS: Potential misclassification and uncontrolled confounding by indication. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest potential opportunities to improve long-term outcomes among patients with diabetes and CKD by improving the quality of their CKD care. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Lesão Renal Aguda/epidemiologia Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico Diabetes Mellitus/terapia Nefropatias Diabéticas/terapia Mortalidade Terapia Nutricional/utilização Proteinúria/diagnóstico Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde Diálise Renal Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Causas de Morte Comorbidade Bases de Dados Factuais Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia Nefropatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia Feminino Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos Seres Humanos Estudos Longitudinais Masculino Meia-Idade Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia Taiwan/epidemiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists); 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171030 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171030 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170803 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28728198 [Au] Autor: Plauth M [Ti] Título: [Nutrition of Polymorbid Patients - Data or Opinions?] [Ti] Título: Ernährung bei multimorbiden Patienten ­ Daten oder Meinungen?. [So] Source: Dtsch Med Wochenschr;142(14):1038-1045, 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1439-4413 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: ger [Ab] Resumo: Polymorbidity and old age are rather the rule than the exception in hospitalised patients. Malnutrition is common in such patients and should be identified by appropriate screening and assessment measures in order to devise a nutrition plan and act accordingly. Unlike in the UK or The Netherlands, malnutrition screening and nutrition teams are not mandatory for German hospitals. Malnutrition and, in particular, sarcopenia are indicators of a nutrition associated risk or increased morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition can affect patients of any medical discipline and, therefore, is managed most efficiently by the interdisciplinary and multiprofessional nutrition team. By this approach goal directed nutrition therapy can improve morbidity and mortality of hospitalised patients. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Doença Crônica/mortalidade Doença Crônica/terapia Transtornos Nutricionais/mortalidade Transtornos Nutricionais/prevenção & controle Terapia Nutricional/mortalidade Terapia Nutricional/utilização Qualidade de Vida/psicologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Distribuição por Idade Doença Crônica/psicologia Comorbidade Medicina Baseada em Evidências Alemanha/epidemiologia Seres Humanos Expectativa de Vida Mortalidade Prognóstico Fatores de Risco Taxa de Sobrevida Resultado do Tratamento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; META-ANALYSIS; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170818 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170818 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170721 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111612

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[PMID]: 28724644 [Au] Autor: Dibaba DT; Xun P; Song Y; Rosanoff A; Shechter M; He K [Ad] Endereço: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. [Ti] Título: The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure in individuals with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or noncommunicable chronic diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. [So] Source: Am J Clin Nutr;106(3):921-929, 2017 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1938-3207 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: To our knowledge, the effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure (BP) in individuals with preclinical or noncommunicable diseases has not been previously investigated in a meta-analysis, and the findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been inconsistent. We sought to determine the pooled effect of magnesium supplementation on BP in participants with preclinical or noncommunicable diseases. We identified RCTs that were published in English before May 2017 that examined the effect of magnesium supplementation on BP in individuals with preclinical or noncommunicable diseases through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, clinicaltrials.gov, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar databases as well as the reference lists from identified relevant articles. Random- and fixed-effects models were used to estimate the pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs in changes in BP from baseline to the end of the trial in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between the magnesium-supplementation group and the control group. Eleven RCTs that included 543 participants with follow-up periods that ranged from 1 to 6 mo (mean: 3.6 mo) were included in this meta-analysis. The dose of elemental magnesium that was used in the trials ranged from 365 to 450 mg/d. All studies reported BP at baseline and the end of the trial. The weighted overall effects indicated that the magnesium-supplementation group had a significantly greater reduction in both SBP (SMD: -0.20; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.03) and DBP (SMD: -0.27; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.03) than did the control group. Magnesium supplementation resulted in a mean reduction of 4.18 mm Hg in SBP and 2.27 mm Hg in DBP. The pooled results suggest that magnesium supplementation significantly lowers BP in individuals with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or other noncommunicable chronic diseases. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos Doença Crônica Suplementos Nutricionais Resistência à Insulina Magnésio/farmacologia Estado Pré-Diabético [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Feminino Seres Humanos Hipertensão/prevenção & controle Magnésio/uso terapêutico Masculino Meia-Idade Terapia Nutricional [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; META-ANALYSIS [Nm] Nome de substância: I38ZP9992A (Magnesium) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170913 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170913 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170721 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.155291

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[PMID]: 28697099 [Au] Autor: Peccei A; Blake-Lamb T; Rahilly D; Hatoum I; Bryant A [Ad] Endereço: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. [Ti] Título: Intensive Prenatal Nutrition Counseling in a Community Health Setting: A Randomized Controlled Trial. [So] Source: Obstet Gynecol;130(2):423-432, 2017 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1873-233X [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a culturally appropriate nutritional intervention delivered to overweight and obese patients in a community health setting on gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of an intensive nutrition counseling intervention for overweight and obese women by a registered dietitian throughout pregnancy and 6 months postpartum. The primary outcome was likelihood of gestational weight gain within Institute of Medicine (IOM, now known as the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine) guidelines. Secondary outcomes included birth weight and maternal and neonatal complications. RESULTS: Three hundred patients were randomized. In intent-to-treat analyses, assignment to the intervention group did not have a significant effect on maintenance of gestational weight gain within IOM guidelines (34.2% compared with 27.5%, odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% CI 0.8-2.4). Among obese women, assignment to the intervention group was associated with fewer large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates (7% compared with 17%; OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.99). Neither primary nor secondary outcomes were significantly different among overweight women in the intervention group in intent-to-treat analyses. In as-treated analyses, women in the intervention group had lower neonatal birth weights (3,343 g compared with 3,500 g; difference -157.4 g, 95% CI -298.4 to -16.5) and lower likelihood of LGA (6% compared with 14%; OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.96). Among overweight women, participation in the intervention was associated with lower gestational weight gain (26.1 pounds compared with 31.4 pounds; difference -5.3 pounds, 95% CI -10.0 to -0.6), lower neonatal birth weights (3,237 g compared with 3,467 g; difference -230, 95% CI -452.8 to -7.8), and lower percent of initial body mass index at 6 months postpartum (101% compared with 106%; difference -4.9, 95% CI -8.8 to -0.9). CONCLUSION: Our intervention did not result in a significant improvement in our primary outcome, the proportion of obese and overweight women who had gestational weight gain within IOM guidelines. However, intensive prenatal nutrition counseling offered in an urban community health setting may decrease LGA births among a group of overweight and obese women from culturally diverse backgrounds at risk for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01056406. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Serviços de Saúde Comunitária Terapia Nutricional/métodos Obesidade/terapia Sobrepeso/terapia Complicações na Gravidez/terapia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Peso ao Nascer Índice de Massa Corporal Aconselhamento Feminino Idade Gestacional Seres Humanos Recém-Nascido Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna Meia-Idade Nutricionistas Obesidade/complicações Sobrepeso/complicações Período Pós-Parto Gravidez Cuidado Pré-Natal Ganho de Peso [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170821 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170821 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170712 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002134

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[PMID]: 28686645 [Au] Autor: Rejnmark L; Bislev LS; Cashman KD; Eiríksdottir G; Gaksch M; Grübler M; Grimnes G; Gudnason V; Lips P; Pilz S; van Schoor NM; Kiely M; Jorde R [Ad] Endereço: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. [Ti] Título: Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(7):e0180512, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: A large number of observational studies have reported harmful effects of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels on non-skeletal outcomes. We performed a systematic quantitative review on characteristics of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) included in meta-analyses (MAs) on non-skeletal effects of vitamin D supplementation. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We identified systematic reviews (SR) reporting summary data in terms of MAs of RCTs on selected non-skeletal outcomes. For each outcome, we summarized the results from available SRs and scrutinized included RCTs for a number of predefined characteristics. We identified 54 SRs including data from 210 RCTs. Most MAs as well as the individual RCTs reported null-findings on risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, weight-loss, and malignant diseases. Beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation was reported in 1 of 4 MAs on depression, 2 of 9 MAs on blood pressure, 3 of 7 MAs on respiratory tract infections, and 8 of 12 MAs on mortality. Most RCTs have primarily been performed to determine skeletal outcomes, whereas non-skeletal effects have been assessed as secondary outcomes. Only one-third of the RCTs had low level of 25OHD as a criterion for inclusion and a mean baseline 25OHD level below 50 nmol/L was only present in less than half of the analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Published RCTs have mostly been performed in populations without low 25OHD levels. The fact that most MAs on results from RCTs did not show a beneficial effect does not disprove the hypothesis suggested by observational findings on adverse health outcomes of low 25OHD levels. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos Vitamina D/análogos & derivados Vitamina D/uso terapêutico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Doenças Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia Doenças Cardiovasculares/patologia Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia Seres Humanos Neoplasias/dietoterapia Neoplasias/epidemiologia Neoplasias/patologia Terapia Nutricional Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto Fatores de Risco Vitamina D/efeitos adversos Perda de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; META-ANALYSIS; REVIEW [Nm] Nome de substância: 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D); 64719-49-9 (25-hydroxyvitamin D) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171006 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171006 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170708 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180512

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[PMID]: 28664809 [Au] Autor: Taylor C [Ad] Endereço: Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, England. [Ti] Título: Importance of nutrition in preventing and treating pressure ulcers. [So] Source: Nurs Older People;29(6):33-39, 2017 Jun 30. [Is] ISSN: 1472-0795 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Pressure ulcers are painful, and affect patients' health, mobility and well-being. They also cost the NHS between £1.4-2.1 billion a year. Although a large proportion of pressure ulcers are avoidable, many still occur and, because pressure ulcer incidence is an indicator of care quality, it can put carers under scrutiny. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence states that adequate risk assessment of pressure ulcer development, including the role of malnutrition, improves care. Adequate nutrition is vital for the prevention of pressure ulcers and malnutrition can hinder healing when pressure ulcers have developed. The risk of malnutrition should be assessed with a recognised tool, such as the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, and appropriate treatment plans should be drawn up for patients identified as being at risk of malnutrition to improve their nutritional state. For example, the dietary intake of people with poor appetite can be supplemented with nutritious snacks between meals. The aims of this article are to help readers understand risk factors for malnutrition and how dietary intake can be manipulated to improve patients' nutritional state. It also aims to highlight how improving nutritional intake helps to prevent pressure ulcers. On completing the article, readers will be able to consider and review their own practice. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Desnutrição/complicações Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem no Hospital/educação Terapia Nutricional/normas Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto Lesão por Pressão/dietoterapia Lesão por Pressão/prevenção & controle Cicatrização/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Educação Continuada em Enfermagem Seres Humanos Lesão por Pressão/etiologia Fatores de Risco Reino Unido [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170821 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170821 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: N [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170701 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.7748/nop.2017.e910

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[PMID]: 28637074 [Au] Autor: Arends J [Ti] Título: [Nutrition in Cancer: Effective in Prevention and Treatment?] [Ti] Título: Ernährung bei Krebs: geeignet zur Vorbeugung und Therapie?. [So] Source: Dtsch Med Wochenschr;142(12):889-895, 2017 Jun. [Is] ISSN: 1439-4413 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: ger [Ab] Resumo: Nutritional effects on cancer occurrence and on treatment outcome in cancer patients may depend on food preferences and on the quantity of foods supplied. However, it has been difficult to reliably show beneficial effects of specific dietary concepts on cancer incidence. On the other hand, obesity as a result of chronic overfeeding has been linked firmly to an increased risk of a number of cancers as well as on cancer recurrence after treatment. Metabolic consequences of obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome may be responsible for inducing and/or promoting cancer growth and should be antagonized by regular moderate physical activity in healthy subjects and in cancer survivors. During cancer treatment and in patients with advanced disease, inadequate food intake and physical inactivity may lead to malnutrition, while recurrent and chronic systemic inflammatory reactions induce chronic catabolism with a preferential loss of muscle and cell mass, condition referred to as cachexia. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Neoplasias/terapia Terapia Nutricional/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Peso Corporal Caquexia/epidemiologia Caquexia/prevenção & controle Caquexia/terapia Estudos Transversais Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos Modelos Animais de Doenças Exercício Frutas Seres Humanos Neoplasias/epidemiologia Neoplasias/prevenção & controle Carne Vermelha/efeitos adversos Fatores de Risco Verduras [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170817 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170817 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170622 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111746

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