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[PMID]: 28449646 [Au] Autor: Lubbe W; Ten Ham-Baloyi W [Ad] Endereço: North-West University, School of Nursing Science, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. welma.lubbe@nwu.ac.za. [Ti] Título: When is the use of pacifiers justifiable in the baby-friendly hospital initiative context? A clinician's guide. [So] Source: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth;17(1):130, 2017 04 27. [Is] ISSN: 1471-2393 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: The use of pacifiers is an ancient practice, but often becomes a point of debate when parents and professionals aim to protect and promote breastfeeding as most appropriately for nurturing infants. We discuss the current literature available on pacifier use to enable critical decision-making regarding justifiable use of pacifiers, especially in the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative context, and we provide practical guidelines for clinicians. DISCUSSION: Suck-swallow-breathe coordination is an important skill that every newborn must acquire for feeding success. In most cases the development and maintenance of the sucking reflex is not a problem, but sometimes the skill may be compromised due to factors such as mother-infant separation or medical conditions. In such situations the use of pacifiers can be considered therapeutic and even provide medical benefits to infants, including reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The argument opposing pacifier use, however, is based on potential risks such as nipple confusion and early cessation of breastfeeding. The Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding as embedded in the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative initially prohibited the use of pacifiers in a breastfeeding friendly environment to prevent potential associated risks. This article provides a summary of the evidence on the benefits of non-nutritive sucking, risks associated with pacifier use, an identification of the implications regarded as 'justifiable' in the clinical use of pacifiers and a comprehensive discussion to support the recommendations for safe pacifier use in healthy, full-term, and ill and preterm infants. The use of pacifiers is justifiable in certain situations and will support breastfeeding rather than interfere with it. Justifiable conditions have been identified as: low-birth weight and premature infants; infants at risk for hypoglyceamia; infants in need of oral stimulation to develop, maintain and mature the sucking reflex in preterm infants; and the achievement of neurobehavioural organisation. Medical benefits associated with the use of pacifiers include providing comfort, contributing towards neurobehavioural organisation, and reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Guidelines are presented for assessing and guiding safe pacifier use, for specific design to ensure safety, and for cessation of use to ensure normal childhood development. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia Hospitais/normas Chupetas/normas Comportamento de Sucção/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aleitamento Materno Feminino Seres Humanos Recém-Nascido Masculino Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1306-8

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[PMID]: 29494566 [Au] Autor: Nguyen HTT; Tran CH; Dang AD; Tran HGT; Vu TD; Pham TN; Nguyen HV; Nguyen ANK; Pieracci EG; Tran DN [Ti] Título: Rabies Vaccine Hesitancy and Deaths Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women - Vietnam, 2015-2016. [So] Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep;67(8):250-252, 2018 Mar 02. [Is] ISSN: 1545-861X [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Human rabies deaths are preventable through prompt administration of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with rabies immune globulin and rabies vaccine after exposure to a rabid animal (1); there are no known contraindications to receiving PEP (1,2). Despite widespread availability of PEP in Vietnam, in 2015 the Ministry of Health (MoH) received reports of pregnant and breastfeeding women with clinically diagnosed rabies. MoH investigated factors associated with these rabies cases. MoH found that, during 2015-2016, among 169 cases reported in Vietnam, two probable cases of rabies were reported in breastfeeding mothers and four in pregnant women, all of whom had been bitten by dogs. All six patients died. Three of the four pregnant women had cesarean deliveries. One of the three newborns died from complications believed to be unrelated to rabies; the fourth pregnant woman contracted rabies too early in pregnancy for the fetus to be viable. Two of the patients sought care from a medical provider or traditional healer; however, none sought PEP after being bitten. In each case, families reported the patient's fear of risk to the fetus or breastfed child as the primary barrier to receiving PEP. These findings highlight the need for public health messaging about the safety and effectiveness of PEP in preventing rabies among all persons with exposures, including pregnant and breastfeeding women. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Profilaxia Pós-Exposição/utilização Vacinas Antirrábicas/administração & dosagem Raiva/mortalidade Vacinação/psicologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Animais Mordeduras e Picadas Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos Cães Feminino Seres Humanos Gravidez Gestantes/psicologia Raiva/prevenção & controle Vietnã/epidemiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Rabies Vaccines) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180306 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180306 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180302 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6708a4

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[PMID]: 29215422 [Au] Autor: Cunningham EM; Doyle EI; Bowden RG [Ad] Endereço: Emilie Cunningham is a Doctoral Candidate, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX. The author can be reached via e-mail at emilie_cunningham@baylor.edu Eva I. Doyle is Director, MPH in Community Health Education, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX. Rodney G. Bowden is an Interim Dean, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX. [Ti] Título: Maternity Nurses' Perceptions of Implementation of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. [So] Source: MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs;43(1):38-43, 2018 Jan/Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1539-0683 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine maternity nurses' perceptions of implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. METHODS: An online survey and a focus group were used to evaluate perceptions of maternity nurses of implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding in an urban Texas hospital at the onset of the project initiation. Responses were transcribed and coded using Nvivo software. Thematic analysis was conducted and consensus was reached among the research team to validate themes. RESULTS: Twenty-eight maternity nurses participated. Nurses perceived a number of barriers to implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding including nurse staffing shortages, variations in practice among nurses, different levels of nurse education and knowledge about breastfeeding, lack of parental awareness and knowledge about breastfeeding, culture, and postpartum issues such as maternal fatigue, visitors, and routine required procedures during recovery care that interfered with skin-to-skin positioning. Maternity nurses desired more education about breastfeeding; specifically, a hands-on approach, rather than formal classroom instruction, to be able to promote successful implementation of the Ten Steps. CONCLUSIONS: More education on breastfeeding for new mothers, their families, and healthcare providers was recommended. Nurse staffing should be adequate to support nurses in their efforts to promote breastfeeding. Skin-to-skin positioning should be integrated into the recovery period. Hospital leadership support for full implementation and policy adherence is essential. Challenges in implementing the Ten Steps were identified along with potential solutions. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aleitamento Materno/métodos Enfermagem Materno-Infantil/recursos humanos Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia Percepção Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Feminino Grupos Focais Seres Humanos Enfermagem Materno-Infantil/métodos Meia-Idade Mães/psicologia Política Organizacional Gravidez Inquéritos e Questionários Texas [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM; N [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171208 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000392

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[PMID]: 28449748 [Au] Autor: Brignardello-Petersen R [Ti] Título: Breast-feeding up to 11 months associated with lower decayed, missing, and filled surfaces index and lower caries prevalence up to 4 years of age. [So] Source: J Am Dent Assoc;148(5):e44, 2017 05. [Is] ISSN: 1943-4723 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Índice CPO Cárie Dentária [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aleitamento Materno Seres Humanos Prevalência [Pt] Tipo de publicação: REVIEW; COMMENT [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: D; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29406659 [Au] Autor: Rollins JA [Ti] Título: Sharing a Room: Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment. [So] Source: Pediatr Nurs;43(1):7, 14, 2017 Jan-Feb. [Is] ISSN: 0097-9805 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Leitos Promoção da Saúde Gestão da Segurança/métodos Sono Morte Súbita do Lactente/prevenção & controle [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aleitamento Materno Meio Ambiente Seres Humanos Lactente Recém-Nascido Prevenção Primária Fatores de Risco Sociedades Médicas Estados Unidos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: EDITORIAL [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180301 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180301 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: N [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180207 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28749705 [Au] Autor: Lara-Cinisomo S; McKenney K; Di Florio A; Meltzer-Brody S [Ad] Endereço: 1 Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois. [Ti] Título: Associations Between Postpartum Depression, Breastfeeding, and Oxytocin Levels in Latina Mothers. [So] Source: Breastfeed Med;12(7):436-442, 2017 09. [Is] ISSN: 1556-8342 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression (PPD), often comorbid with anxiety, is the leading medical complication among new mothers. Latinas have elevated risk of PPD, which has been associated with early breastfeeding cessation. Lower plasma oxytocin (OT) levels have also been associated with PPD in non-Latinas. This pilot study explores associations between PPD, anxiety, breastfeeding, and OT in Latinas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four Latinas were enrolled during their third trimester of pregnancy and followed through 8 weeks postpartum. Demographic data were collected at enrollment. Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at each time point (third trimester of pregnancy, 4 and 8 weeks postpartum). The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered postpartum and EPDS anxiety subscale was used to assess anxiety at each time point. Breastfeeding status was assessed at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum. At 8 weeks, OT was collected before, during, and after a 10-minute breast/bottle feeding session from 28 women who completed the procedures. Descriptive statistics are provided and comparisons by mood and breastfeeding status were conducted. Analyses of variance were used to explore associations between PPD, anxiety, breastfeeding status, and OT. RESULTS: Just under one-third of women were depressed at enrollment. Prenatal depression, PPD, and anxiety were significantly associated with early breastfeeding cessation (i.e., stopped breastfeeding before 2 months) (p < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between early breastfeeding cessation and depression status on OT at 8 weeks postpartum (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lower levels of OT were observed in women who had PPD at 8 weeks and who had stopped breastfeeding their infant by 8 weeks postpartum. Future studies should investigate the short- and long-term effects of lower OT levels and early breastfeeding cessation on maternal and child well-being. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aleitamento Materno/psicologia Depressão Pós-Parto/sangue Hispano-Americanos Mães Ocitocina/sangue [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Ansiedade/sangue Ansiedade/complicações Ansiedade/psicologia Depressão Pós-Parto/complicações Depressão Pós-Parto/psicologia Escolaridade Feminino Hispano-Americanos/psicologia Seres Humanos Lactente Recém-Nascido Estado Civil Mães/psicologia Projetos Piloto Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Apoio Social Estados Unidos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 50-56-6 (Oxytocin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180302 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180302 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170728 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0213

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[PMID]: 28749710 [Au] Autor: Morrell E [Ad] Endereço: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Middlebury College , Middlebury, Vermont. [Ti] Título: First Food Justice: Infant Feeding Disparities and the First Food System. [So] Source: Breastfeed Med;12(8):489-492, 2017 10. [Is] ISSN: 1556-8342 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Breastfeeding and first foods--including human milk and infant formula--affect us all as individuals and a society of eaters and feeders. They also shape us in part through having significant effects on community health and well-being, workplace strength, and environmental integrity. In addition, we all affect breastfeeding and first foods. Society, the economy, and the environment constrain and enable breastfeeding success, for example, and they often do so differently by race, class, and other social categories. It is important we recognize and address these realities for our own individual interests as well as those we as a citizenry hold in common. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Alimentação Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos Mães Política Nutricional Saúde Pública [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Feminino Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde Seres Humanos Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente Recém-Nascido Formulação de Políticas Meio Social Justiça Social Apoio Social Estados Unidos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180302 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180302 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170728 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2017.0088

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[PMID]: 28467097 [Au] Autor: Oiye S; Mwanda W; Mugambi M; Filteau S; Owino V [Ad] Endereço: 1 University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID) , Nairobi, Kenya . [Ti] Título: Exclusive Breastfeeding Is More Common Among HIV-Infected Than HIV-Uninfected Kenyan Mothers at 6 Weeks and 6 Months Postpartum. [So] Source: Breastfeed Med;12:283-289, 2017 06. [Is] ISSN: 1556-8342 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: To compare breastfeeding practices determined by mothers' own recall versus a stable isotope technique (deuterium oxide dilution) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. METHODS: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates were assessed cross-sectionally at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum among 75 HIV-positive and 68 HIV-negative women attending postnatal care. EBF was derived from maternal 24-hour recall of foods that were fed to the infant and by objective measurement of nonhuman milk-water intake using deuterium oxide (DO) dilution technique. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic analyses were adjusted for infant sex, gravidity, maternal age, marital status, and maternal education. Using recall method, a greater proportion of HIV-infected mothers exclusively breastfed than HIV-uninfected mothers both at 6 weeks postpartum [94.1% versus 76.9%, respectively (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-31.6, p = 0.004)] and at 6 months postpartum [75% versus 59.7%, respectively (aOR 2.27; 95% CI 1.0-5.3, p = 0.058)]. At 6 weeks postpartum EBF rates from the DO technique were 23.5% and 13.8% for HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers, respectively (aOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.11-1.04, p = 0.059). At 6 months postpartum, the DO technique determined EBF rates were 43.3% among HIV-positive and 24.2% among HIV-negative mothers, respectively (aOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.0-5.7, p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected mothers are more likely to exclusively breastfeed compared with HIV-uninfected mothers. In this resource-poor setting, maternal recall overestimates EBF rates as compared with the deuterium oxide dilution technique. Validating EBF recall data using the objective DO technique is highly recommended for accurate tracking toward global targets on breastfeeding practices. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia Mães Período Pós-Parto [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico Estudos Transversais Óxido de Deutério Feminino Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico Infecções por HIV/transmissão Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde Inquéritos Epidemiológicos Seres Humanos Técnicas de Diluição do Indicador/instrumentação Lactente Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente Recém-Nascido Quênia Masculino Rememoração Mental Leite Humano/química Mães/psicologia Mães/estatística & dados numéricos Cooperação do Paciente Gravidez Autorrelato [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-HIV Agents); J65BV539M3 (Deuterium Oxide) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180302 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180302 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170504 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0126

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[PMID]: 27779318 [Au] Autor: Hendrick CE; Potter JE [Ad] Endereço: Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. [Ti] Título: Nativity, Country of Education, and Mexican-Origin Women's Breastfeeding Behaviors in the First 10 Months Postpartum. [So] Source: Birth;44(1):68-77, 2017 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1523-536X [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is associated with numerous health benefits for the infant and mother. Latina women in the United States have historically had high overall rates of initiation and duration of breastfeeding. However, these rates vary by nativity and time lived in the United States. Exclusive breastfeeding patterns among Latina women are unclear. In this study, we investigate the current and exclusive breastfeeding patterns of Mexican-origin women at four time points from delivery to 10 months postpartum to determine the combined association of nativity and country of education with breastfeeding duration and supplementation. METHODS: Data are from the Postpartum Contraception Study, a prospective cohort study of postpartum women ages 18-44 recruited from three hospitals in Austin and El Paso, Texas. We included Mexican-origin women who were born in either the United States or Mexico in the analytic sample (n = 593). RESULTS: Women completing schooling in Mexico had higher rates of overall breastfeeding throughout the study period than women educated in the United States, regardless of country of birth. This trend held in multivariate models while diminishing over time. Women born in Mexico who completed their schooling in the United States were least likely to exclusively breastfeed. DISCUSSION: Country of education should also be considered when assessing Latina women's risk for breastfeeding discontinuation. Efforts should be made to identify the barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding among US-educated Mexican-origin women to enhance existing breastfeeding promotion efforts in the United States. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aleitamento Materno/etnologia Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos Mães/educação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Feminino Seres Humanos Recém-Nascido Modelos Logísticos Análise Multivariada Período Pós-Parto Gravidez Estudos Prospectivos Fatores Socioeconômicos Inquéritos e Questionários Texas Fatores de Tempo Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE; MULTICENTER STUDY [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180301 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180301 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161026 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1111/birt.12261

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[PMID]: 29351333 [Au] Autor: Ramírez-Ramírez A; Sánchez-Serrano E; Loaiza-Flores G; Plazola-Camacho N; Rodríguez-Delgado RG; Figueroa-Damián R; Domínguez-Castro M; López-Martínez M; Flores-García Z; Hernández-Pineda J [Ad] Endereço: Departement of Infectology and Immunology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico. [Ti] Título: Simultaneous quantification of four antiretroviral drugs in breast milk samples from HIV-positive women by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. [So] Source: PLoS One;13(1):e0191236, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The primary strategy to avoid mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through breastfeeding is administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to HIV-positive pregnant women. Because significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs occur during pregnancy, quantifying HAART and the viral load in breast milk in this population is essential. Here, we developed an analytical assay for the simultaneous quantification of four ARV drugs in breast milk using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We validated this method following Mexican and international guidelines. ARV drugs. We extracted the ARV drugs from 200 µL samples of breast milk and detected these drugs in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization. The validated concentration ranges (ng/mL) for zidovudine, lamivudine, lopinavir, and ritonavir were 12.5-750, 50-2500, 100-5000 and 5 to 250, respectively. Additionally, the absolute recovery percentages (and matrix effects) were 91.4 (8.39), 88.78 (28.75), 91.38 (11.77) and 89.78 (12.37), respectively. We determined that ARV drugs are stable for 24 h at 8°C and 24°C for 15 days at -80°C. This methodology had the capacity for simultaneous detection; separation; and accurate, precise quantification of ARV drugs in human breast milk samples according to Mexican standard laws and United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Fármacos Anti-HIV/análise Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade Infecções por HIV/complicações Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico Leite Humano/química Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Fármacos Anti-HIV/normas Aleitamento Materno Calibragem Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/normas Colostro/química Feminino Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle Seres Humanos Recém-Nascido Transmissão Vertical de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle Lamivudina/análise Lopinavir/análise Gravidez Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/metabolismo Padrões de Referência Reprodutibilidade dos Testes Ritonavir/análise Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/normas Adulto Jovem Zidovudina/análise [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; VALIDATION STUDIES [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-HIV Agents); 2494G1JF75 (Lopinavir); 2T8Q726O95 (Lamivudine); 4B9XT59T7S (Zidovudine); O3J8G9O825 (Ritonavir) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180221 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180221 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180120 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191236

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