Base de dados : MEDLINE Pesquisa : F01.510 [Categoria DeCS] Referências encontradas : 893 [refinar] Mostrando: 1 .. 10   no formato [Detalhado]

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[PMID]: 28606986 [Au] Autor: Kidd M [Ti] Título: What to you? [So] Source: CMAJ;189(23):E816, 2017 06 12. [Is] ISSN: 1488-2329 [Cp] País de publicação: Canada [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Características Humanas [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Seres Humanos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; PERSONAL NARRATIVES [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171030 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171030 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170614 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.170576

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[PMID]: 28300281 [Au] Autor: Persson I; Savulescu J [Ti] Título: Moral Hard-Wiring and Moral Enhancement. [So] Source: Bioethics;31(4):286-295, 2017 May. [Is] ISSN: 1467-8519 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: We have argued for an urgent need for moral bioenhancement; that human moral psychology is limited in its ability to address current existential threats due to the evolutionary function of morality to maximize cooperation in small groups. We address here Powell and Buchanan's novel objection that there is an 'inclusivist anomaly': humans have the capacity to care beyond in-groups. They propose that 'exclusivist' (group-based) morality is sensitive to environmental cues that historically indicated out-group threat. When this is not present, we are inclusivist. They conclude that moral bioenhancement is unnecessary or less effective than socio-cultural interventions. We argue that Powell and Buchanan underestimate the hard-wiring features of moral psychology; their appeal to adaptively plastic, conditionally expressed responses accounts for only a fragment of our moral psychology. In addition to restrictions on our altruistic concern that their account addresses - such as racism and sexism - there are ones it is ill-suited to address: that our concern is stronger for kin and friends and for concrete individuals rather than for statistical lives; also our bias towards the near future. Hard-wired features of our moral psychology that are not clearly restrictions in altruistic concern also include reciprocity, tit-for-tat, and others. Biomedical means are not the only, and maybe not the most important, means of moral enhancement. Socio-cultural means are of great importance and there are currently no biomedical interventions for many hard-wired features. Nevertheless research is desirable because the influence of these features is greater than our critics think. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Melhoramento Biomédico Características Humanas Princípios Morais Comportamento Social [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Altruísmo Dissidências e Disputas Empatia Seres Humanos Psicologia Social Distância Social Valores Sociais [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171109 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171109 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: E; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170317 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1111/bioe.12314

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[PMID]: 28141968 [Au] Autor: Cypryanska M; Nezlek JB; Jaskólowska A; Formanowicz MM [Ad] Endereço: a SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities , Warsaw. [Ti] Título: Reconsidering research on self-humanizing: The importance of mean comparative judgments. [So] Source: J Soc Psychol;157(2):129-142, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1940-1183 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Self-humanization is defined as the tendency to view oneself as more essentially human than others. Researchers have claimed that people attribute human nature traits more strongly to themselves than to others, but not uniquely human traits. In this article we suggest that such claims are based on the misinterpretation of results. Most studies have not presented mean comparative judgments, making it impossible to determine whether people thought they possessed characteristics less strongly or more strongly than the average person. We found that people (N = 256) in Poland, Italy, and Korea perceived themselves as possessing desirable human nature and uniquely human characteristics more than others, as possessing undesirable uniquely human traits less than others, and as similar to others in terms of undesirable human nature characteristics. It seems that being more human than others means possessing some traits more than others and possessing some traits less than others. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Autoimagem Percepção Social [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Feminino Características Humanas Seres Humanos Julgamento Masculino Meia-Idade Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1706 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170630 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170630 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170201 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2017.1282849

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[PMID]: 28129101 [Au] Autor: Cypryanska M; Nezlek JB; Jaskólowska A; Formanowicz MM [Ad] Endereço: a SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities , Warsaw. [Ti] Título: Definitions need to be precise and consistent: A reply to Haslam with suggestions for the future. [So] Source: J Soc Psychol;157(2):148-151, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1940-1183 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In his reply to our critique of research on self-humanizing, Haslam claims that we used a narrow definition of self-humanizing that ignored the evidence from the correlational research he and his colleagues have done. We disagree. First, we relied upon a definition of self-humanizing based upon comparative judgments that Haslam and colleagues have consistently used. Second, we were well aware of the correlational research he and his colleagues have done. We simply did not think, and do not think, these correlations verified the existence of self-humanizing as defined. In his reply, Haslam offered a new definition of self-humanizing that defines self-humanizing in terms of correlations between comparative judgments and ratings of how much traits reflect human nature. Although we believe this change represents some progress, numerous issues in the study of self-humanizing remain to be resolved. We offer some suggestions for future research on this important topic. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Características Humanas Julgamento [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Seres Humanos Masculino [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171026 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171026 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170128 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2017.1282851

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[PMID]: 28118379 [Au] Autor: Capozza D; Di Bernardo GA; Falvo R [Ad] Endereço: Section of Applied Psychology, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. [Ti] Título: Intergroup Contact and Outgroup Humanization: Is the Causal Relationship Uni- or Bidirectional? [So] Source: PLoS One;12(1):e0170554, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The attribution of uniquely human characteristics to the outgroup may favor the search for contact with outgroup members and, vice versa, contact experiences may improve humanity attributions to the outgroup. To explore this bidirectional relationship, two studies were performed. In Study 1, humanity perceptions were manipulated using subliminal conditioning. Two experimental conditions were created. In the humanization condition, the unconditioned stimuli (US) were uniquely human words; in the dehumanization condition, the US were non-uniquely human and animal words. In both conditions, conditioned stimuli were typical outgroup faces. An approach/avoidance technique (the manikin task) was used to measure the willingness to have contact with outgroup members. Findings showed that in the humanization condition participants were faster in approaching than in avoiding outgroup members: closeness to the outgroup was preferred to distance. Latencies of approach and avoidance movements were not different in the dehumanization condition. In Study 2, contact was manipulated using the manikin task. One approach (contact) condition and two control conditions were created. The attribution of uniquely human traits to the outgroup was stronger in the contact than in the no-contact conditions. Furthermore, the effect of contact on humanity attributions was mediated by increased trust toward the outgroup. Thus, findings demonstrate the bidirectionality of the relationship between contact and humanity attributions. Practical implications of findings are discussed. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Desumanização Processos Grupais Características Humanas Percepção Social [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Estimulação Acústica Animais Aprendizagem da Esquiva Condicionamento (Psicologia) Face Jogos Experimentais Seres Humanos Relações Interpessoais Nomes Estimulação Luminosa Distribuição Aleatória Tempo de Reação Estereotipagem Estimulação Subliminar Comportamento Verbal Jogos de Vídeo Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170822 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170822 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170125 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170554

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[PMID]: 27910267 [Au] Autor: Graves JM; Klein TA [Ad] Endereço: College of Nursing, Washington State University Spokane, Spokane, Washington. [Ti] Título: The impact of patient characteristics on nurse practitioners' assessment and management of adolescent concussion. [So] Source: J Am Assoc Nurse Pract;29(3):136-148, 2017 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 2327-6924 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of patient sex and type of activity on concussion assessment and management recommendations. METHODS: We administered a web-based survey to all nurse practitioners (NPs) actively licensed in Washington and Oregon. Participants were randomized to view one of four standardized patient scenario videos of an adolescent seeking care for a concussion, portraying the same symptomology but differing by sex and activity (soccer/hiking). Respondents provided assessment and management recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: In total, 1021 NPs provided sufficient data for analysis. Most NPs correctly identified the injury as a concussion (92.8%); fewer identified it as a mild traumatic brain injury (55.3%). NPs who viewed hiking videos were 40% more likely to indicate that the patient was definitely or likely safe to return to activity in 1 week, compared to a soccer player, after adjusting for covariates (RR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.16, 1.68]). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: While most assessment and management recommendations did not vary according to patient sex, providers may manage concussions differently based on etiology. Appropriate and consistent concussion assessment and management is important, as NPs are authorized to assess adolescents with concussions and make determinations regarding return to activity or school. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Concussão Encefálica/diagnóstico Concussão Encefálica/terapia Gerenciamento Clínico Características Humanas Profissionais de Enfermagem/normas Avaliação em Enfermagem/normas [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Traumatismos em Atletas/etiologia Concussão Encefálica/etiologia Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Oregon Inquéritos e Questionários Washington [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1704 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170417 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170417 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: N [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161203 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12431

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[PMID]: 27216790 [Au] Autor: Martínez R; Rodriguez-Bailon R; Moya M; Vaes J [Ad] Endereço: a University of Granada. [Ti] Título: How do different humanness measures relate? Confronting the attribution of secondary emotions, human uniqueness, and human nature traits. [So] Source: J Soc Psychol;157(2):165-180, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1940-1183 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The present research examines the relationship between the infrahumanization approach and the two-dimensional model of humanness: an issue that has received very little empirical attention. In Study 1, we created three unknown groups (Humanized, Animalized, and Mechanized) granting/denying them Human Nature (HN) and Human Uniqueness (HU) traits. The attribution of primary/secondary emotions was measured. As expected, participants attributed more secondary emotions to the humanized compared to dehumanized groups. Importantly, both animalized and mechanized groups were attributed similar amounts of secondary emotions. In Study 2, the groups were described in terms of their capacity to express secondary emotions. We measured the attribution of HN/HU traits. Results showed that the infrahumanized group was denied both HU/HN traits. The results highlight the importance of considering the common aspects of both approaches in understanding processes of dehumanization. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Desumanização Emoções Características Humanas Percepção Social [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1706 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170630 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170630 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160525 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1192097

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[PMID]: 26511111 [Au] Autor: Kornadt AE; Voss P; Rothermund K [Ad] Endereço: Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Germany. [Ti] Título: Age Stereotypes and Self-Views Revisited: Patterns of Internalization and Projection Processes Across the Life Span. [So] Source: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci;72(4):582-592, 2017 Jul 01. [Is] ISSN: 1758-5368 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Objectives: We investigated processes of age stereotype internalization into the self and projection of self-views onto age stereotypes from a life-span perspective, taking age-related differences in the relevance of life domains into account. Method: Age stereotypes and self-views in eight life domains were assessed in a sample of N = 593 persons aged 30-80 years (T1) at two time points that were separated by a 4-year time interval. We estimated cross-lagged projection and internalization effects in multigroup structural equation models. Results: Internalization and projection effects were contingent on age group and life domain: Internalization effects were strongest in the young and middle-aged groups and emerged in the domains family, personality, work, and leisure. Projection effects in different domains were most pronounced for older participants. Discussion: Our findings suggest that the internalization of age stereotypes is triggered by domain-specific expectations of impending age-related changes and transitions during certain phases of the life span. Projection processes, however, seem to occur in response to changes that have already been experienced by the individual. Our study demonstrates the dynamic interrelation of age stereotypes and self-views across the life course and highlights the importance of a differentiated, life-span perspective for the understanding of these mechanisms. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Envelhecimento/psicologia Traços de História de Vida Personalidade Autoimagem Estereotipagem [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Fatores Etários Idoso Feminino Alemanha Características Humanas Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Modelos Psicológicos Psicologia do Desenvolvimento/métodos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170921 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170921 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 151030 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv099

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[PMID]: 26405078 [Au] Autor: Maher JP; Conroy DE [Ad] Endereço: Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. [Ti] Título: Daily Life Satisfaction in Older Adults as a Function of (In)Activity. [So] Source: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci;72(4):593-602, 2017 Jul 01. [Is] ISSN: 1758-5368 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Objectives: This 14-day daily diary study tested the between-person and within-person associations between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and life satisfaction in community-dwelling older adults. Method: Older adults (n = 100) wore ActivPAL3 activity monitors for 14 days and, at the end of each day, answered questions regarding their health behaviors and life satisfaction. Results: Separate multilevel models were tested for self-reported and objectively measured behavioral data. In the model using objectively measured behavioral data, life satisfaction was (a) negatively associated with sedentary behavior at the within-person level and unassociated with sedentary behavior at the between-person level and (b) unassociated with physical activity at either the between-person or within-person level. In the model using self-reported behavioral data, life satisfaction was (a) unassociated with sedentary behavior at either the between-person or within-person level and (2) positively associated with physical activity at the within-person, but not at the between-person, level. Discussion: Results indicated that daily deviations in objectively measured sedentary behavior and self-reported physical activity have implications for older adults' well-being. Interventions designed to enhance well-being and quality of life in older adults should consider targeting daily changes in total sedentary behavior and daily changes in the volume or frequency of physical activity. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Exercício/psicologia Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/fisiologia Individualidade Satisfação Pessoal Qualidade de Vida Estilo de Vida Sedentário Autoimagem [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Pesquisa Comportamental Feminino Características Humanas Seres Humanos Vida Independente/psicologia Masculino Meia-Idade Estatística como Assunto Estados Unidos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170921 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170921 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 150926 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv086

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[PMID]: 27574740 [Au] Autor: Link A [Ti] Título: DOCUMENTING HUMAN NATURE: E. RICHARD SORENSON AND THE NATIONAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL FILM CENTER, 1965-1980. [So] Source: J Hist Behav Sci;52(4):371-391, 2016 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1520-6696 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: This article analyzes the development of the National Anthropological Film Center as an outgrowth of the Smithsonian's efforts to promote a multidisciplinary program in "urgent anthropology" during the 1960s and 1970s. It considers how film came to be seen as an ideal tool for the documentation and preservation of a wide range of human data applicable to both the behavioral and life sciences. In doing so, it argues that the intellectual and institutional climate facilitated by the Smithsonian's museum structure during this period contributed to the Center's initial establishment as well its eventual decline. Additionally, this piece speaks to the continued relevance of ethnographic film archives for future scientific investigations within and beyond the human sciences. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antropologia/história Características Humanas Filmes Cinematográficos/história [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: História do Século XX Seres Humanos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: HISTORICAL ARTICLE; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1704 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM; QIS [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160831 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1002/jhbs.21813

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