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[PMID]: 29236886 [Au] Autor: Voos MC; Piemonte MEP; Mansur LL; Caromano FA; Brucki SMD; Valle LERD [Ad] Endereço: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional e Fonoaudiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil. [Ti] Título: Educational status influences cognitive-motor learning in older adults: going to university provides greater protection against aging than going to high school. [So] Source: Arq Neuropsiquiatr;75(12):843-849, 2017 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1678-4227 [Cp] País de publicação: Brazil [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if middle-aged and older adults with a higher education would differ from those with an average education in cognitive-motor tasks involving lower limb function. METHODS: A walking version of the Trail Making Test (Walking Executive Function Task, [WEFT]) was used. Eighty volunteers (40: 50-65 years; 40: 66-80 years) were subdivided into average (6-11years of education) and higher education (12-17 years). They received two training sessions (session 1: eight repetitions, session 2: four repetitions), with a one week-interval between them. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was performed before and after the training. RESULTS: Volunteers with an average education showed longer times on the WEFT than those with a higher education. Older adults showed lower retention than middle-aged adults (p < 0.001). The TUG was faster after the WEFT training (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The impact of education was observed when locomotion was associated with cognitive tasks. Average education resulted in poorer performance and learning than higher education, mainly in older adults. Gait speed increased after training. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Escolaridade Função Executiva/fisiologia Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos Aprendizagem/fisiologia Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas Teste de Sequência Alfanumérica Caminhada/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171220 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171220 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171214 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28945119 [Au] Autor: Levitt JJ; Nestor PG; Levin L; Pelavin P; Lin P; Kubicki M; McCarley RW; Shenton ME; Rathi Y [Ad] Endereço: From the Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, Mass.; Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medi [Ti] Título: Reduced Structural Connectivity in Frontostriatal White Matter Tracts in the Associative Loop in Schizophrenia. [So] Source: Am J Psychiatry;174(11):1102-1111, 2017 Nov 01. [Is] ISSN: 1535-7228 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: The striatum receives segregated and integrative white matter tracts from the cortex facilitating information processing in the cortico-basal ganglia network. The authors examined both types of input tracts in the striatal associative loop in chronic schizophrenia patients and healthy control subjects. METHOD: Structural and diffusion MRI scans were acquired on a 3-T system from 26 chronic schizophrenia patients and 26 matched healthy control subjects. Using FreeSurfer, the associative cortex was parcellated into ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex subregions. The striatum was manually parcellated into its associative and sensorimotor functional subregions. Fractional anisotropy and normalized streamlines, an estimate of fiber counts, were assessed in four frontostriatal tracts (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-associative striatum, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-associative striatum, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum). Furthermore, these measures were correlated with a measure of cognitive control, the Trail-Making Test, Part B. RESULTS: Results showed reduced fractional anisotropy and fewer streamlines in chronic schizophrenia patients for all four tracts, both segregated and integrative. Post hoc t tests showed reduced fractional anisotropy in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-associative striatum and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum and fewer normalized streamlines in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum and in the left and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum in chronic schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, normalized streamlines in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum negatively correlated with Trail-Making Test, Part B, time spent in healthy control subjects but not in chronic schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that structural connectivity is reduced in both segregated and integrative tracts in the striatal associative loop in chronic schizophrenia and that reduced normalized streamlines in the right-hemisphere dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum predicted worse cognitive control in healthy control subjects but not in chronic schizophrenia patients, suggesting a loss of a "normal" brain-behavior correlation in chronic schizophrenia. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Neostriado/diagnóstico por imagem Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagem Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Anisotropia Estudos de Casos e Controles Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem Seres Humanos Imagem por Ressonância Magnética Masculino Meia-Idade Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem Teste de Sequência Alfanumérica [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171107 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171107 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170926 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091046

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[PMID]: 28335012 [Au] Autor: Lindeløv JK; Overgaard R; Overgaard M [Ad] Endereço: CCN, Dept. of Psychology and Communication, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark. [Ti] Título: Improving working memory performance in brain-injured patients using hypnotic suggestion. [So] Source: Brain;140(4):1100-1106, 2017 Apr 01. [Is] ISSN: 1460-2156 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Working memory impairment is prevalent in brain injured patients across lesion aetiologies and severities. Unfortunately, rehabilitation efforts for this impairment have hitherto yielded small or no effects. Here we show in a randomized actively controlled trial that working memory performance can be effectively restored by suggesting to hypnotized patients that they have regained their pre-injury level of working memory functioning. Following four 1-h sessions, 27 patients had a medium-sized improvement relative to 22 active controls (Bayes factors of 342 and 37.5 on the two aggregate outcome measures) and a very large improvement relative to 19 passive controls (Bayes factor = 1.7 × 1013). This was a long-term effect as revealed by no deterioration following a 6.7 week no-contact period (Bayes factors = 7.1 and 1.3 in favour of no change). To control for participant-specific effects, the active control group was crossed over to the working memory suggestion and showed superior improvement. By the end of the study, both groups reached a performance level at or above the healthy population mean with standardized mean differences between 1.55 and 2.03 relative to the passive control group. We conclude that, if framed correctly, hypnotic suggestion can effectively improve working memory following acquired brain injury. The speed and consistency with which this improvement occurred, indicate that there may be a residual capacity for normal information processing in the injured brain. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Lesões Encefálicas/psicologia Lesões Encefálicas/terapia Hipnose/métodos Memória de Curto Prazo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/psicologia Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/terapia Função Executiva Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Testes Neuropsicológicos Desempenho Psicomotor Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/métodos Teste de Sequência Alfanumérica Resultado do Tratamento Escalas de Wechsler [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1704 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170425 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170425 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170324 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx001

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[PMID]: 28323682 [Au] Autor: Foley JA; Vinke RS; Limousin P; Cipolotti L [Ad] Endereço: *National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, and †University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom ‡Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands §Department of Psychological Sciences, Education, and Training, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. [Ti] Título: Relationship of Cognitive Function to Motor Symptoms and Mood Disorders in Patients With Isolated Dystonia. [So] Source: Cogn Behav Neurol;30(1):16-22, 2017 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1543-3641 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of dystonia symptoms to cognitive function by comparing cognitive performance in patients with focal (cervical) and generalized dystonia subtypes and examining the differential contributions of severity of symptoms and mood disorders to cognition. BACKGROUND: Studies of the nonmotor syndrome in isolated dystonia have reported evidence of cognitive dysfunction, but the cause of this impairment remains unclear. Several studies have suggested that poor cognitive performance reflects the distracting effects of the motor symptoms and/or a mood disorder. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we used an extensive battery of cognitive and mood assessments to compare 25 patients with cervical dystonia, 13 patients with generalized dystonia, and 50 healthy controls. RESULTS: We found cognitive performance to be independent of all clinical and mood variables. We found no significant differences in cognition between the two dystonia groups. The combined dystonia groups had significant impairment on only one measure of cognitive function, the Trail Making Test. Two patients were also impaired on the Stroop test, and six on the Hayling Sentence Completion Test. CONCLUSIONS: The nonmotor features of dystonia include subtle cognitive symptoms and high rates of mood disorders, both of which occur independent of motor symptom severity and level of disability. Thus, we would argue that isolated dystonia is a tripartite disorder, with motor, affective, and subtle cognitive features. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cognição Distonia/fisiopatologia Distonia/psicologia Transtornos do Humor/fisiopatologia Transtornos do Humor/psicologia Transtornos dos Movimentos/fisiopatologia Transtornos dos Movimentos/psicologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Idoso Atenção Feminino Seres Humanos Testes de Inteligência Masculino Meia-Idade Testes Neuropsicológicos Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Desempenho Psicomotor Leitura Estudos Retrospectivos Teste de Stroop Teste de Sequência Alfanumérica Escalas de Wechsler Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1705 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170531 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170531 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170322 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000117

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[PMID]: 28120071 [Au] Autor: Pietrantonio A; Trungu S; Raco A [Ad] Endereço: Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs - Division of Neurosurgery, S'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza", V. Suvereto n.240, Rome, 00139, Italy. andrea_pietrantonio@libero.it. [Ti] Título: Clinical and Neuropsychological Outcome After Microsurgical and Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured and Unruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: A Single-Enter Experience. [So] Source: Acta Neurochir Suppl;124:173-177, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 0065-1419 [Cp] País de publicação: Austria [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms have a high risk of rupture. Morbidity and mortality following rupture are higher than at other sites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and neuropsychological outcomes of patients treated for ruptured and unruptured ACoA aneurysms: a comparison between surgical and endovascular treatment was performed. METHOD: All patients surgically or endovascularly treated for ruptured and unruptured ACoA aneurysms at our institution between January 2011 and December 2013 (n=50) were retrospectively reviewed. The Glasgow outcome score and the following neuropsychological tests were used to define the clinical and neuropsychological outcomes, respectively: The Stroop color and word test and the Stroop interference score digit span forward and backward test, phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests, Rey auditory verbal learning test, comprehensive trail making test, and the Beck Depression Inventory. FINDINGS: 28 patients (56 %) underwent surgical treatment and 22 (44 %) endovascular coiling; there were 31 (63 %) ruptured and 19 (37 %) unruptured aneurysms. At 1 year follow-up for ruptured aneurysms, clinical outcome was better in the endovascular group; neuropsychological assessment showed a greater deterioration only in the memory domain in the patients treated surgically for ruptured aneurysms. CONCLUSION: The presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage is more important than the type of treatment in determining the clinical and neuropsychological outcomes of ACoA treatment; these outcomes can be improved by adequate rehabilitation protocols. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia Artéria Cerebral Anterior/cirurgia Depressão/psicologia Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia Microcirurgia/métodos Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/cirurgia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Aneurisma Roto/fisiopatologia Aneurisma Roto/psicologia Feminino Seres Humanos Aneurisma Intracraniano/fisiopatologia Aneurisma Intracraniano/psicologia Masculino Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia Meia-Idade Testes Neuropsicológicos Estudos Retrospectivos Teste de Stroop Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/fisiopatologia Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/psicologia Teste de Sequência Alfanumérica Resultado do Tratamento Aprendizagem Verbal/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171102 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171102 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170126 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39546-3_27

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[PMID]: 28061004 [Au] Autor: Mortimer JE; Waliany S; Dieli-Conwright CM; Patel SK; Hurria A; Chao J; Tiep B; Behrendt CE [Ad] Endereço: Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California. [Ti] Título: Objective physical and mental markers of self-reported fatigue in women undergoing (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. [So] Source: Cancer;123(10):1810-1816, 2017 May 15. [Is] ISSN: 1097-0142 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Objective, treatment-independent markers of cancer-related fatigue are needed to advance clinical trials. In the current study, the authors evaluated physical, neurocognitive, and serologic markers for correlation with self-reported fatigue before and after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with early-stage breast cancer. METHODS: Women with AJCC TNM Stage I-III breast cancer consented to assessment before and after the completion of 4 cycles of dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Assessment included self-reported fatigue (using the Brief Fatigue Inventory), depression (using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D]), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 28 objective measures (grip strength in dominant and nondominant hands, 6-minute walk, daily total energy expenditure, 14 neurocognitive tests, and 10 serologic markers). Generalized linear regression models of fatigue were constructed (1 model per marker), and adjusted for depression, timing before/after chemotherapy, menopausal status, obesity, and educational level. P values were adjusted to control the False Discovery Rate. RESULTS: Of 28 subjects, 3 withdrew without completing baseline assessments. Prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy data were available for the evaluation of physical measures (25 subjects aged 50.6 ± 9.5 years), neurocognitive tests (22 subjects), and serologic markers (10 subjects). On covariate-adjusted analysis, interleukin (IL)-12 was found to be associated with fatigue at both assessments (P<.01). Serum eotaxin (P < .01), IL-1RA (P < .01), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (P<.01), and performance on 2 neurocognitive (Trail Making) tests (P<.01 and P = .02, respectively) were found to be inversely associated with fatigue before chemotherapy but not afterward, whereas daily energy expenditure, serum MCP-1, and serum macrophage inflammatory protein 1a (MIP-1a) were found to be associated with fatigue after receipt of chemotherapy but not before (P<.01 for each). The association between energy expenditure and fatigue was detectable only if an actively athletic subject with outlier values of energy expenditure was excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Serum IL-12 merits confirmatory testing as an objective, treatment-independent measure of fatigue in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Cancer 2017;123:1810-1816. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico Fadiga/diagnóstico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Neoplasias da Mama/complicações Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia Quimiocina CCL11/sangue Quimiocina CCL2/sangue Quimiocina CCL3/sangue Quimioterapia Adjuvante Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem Depressão/psicologia Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem Metabolismo Energético Fadiga/sangue Fadiga/etiologia Fadiga/psicologia Feminino Seres Humanos Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/sangue Interleucina-12/sangue Modelos Lineares Meia-Idade Terapia Neoadjuvante Estadiamento de Neoplasias Testes Neuropsicológicos Autorrelato Sono Inquéritos e Questionários Teste de Sequência Alfanumérica Teste de Caminhada [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (CCL2 protein, human); 0 (Chemokine CCL11); 0 (Chemokine CCL2); 0 (Chemokine CCL3); 0 (Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein); 187348-17-0 (Interleukin-12); 80168379AG (Doxorubicin); 8N3DW7272P (Cyclophosphamide) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170814 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170814 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170107 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30426

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[PMID]: 28042973 [Au] Autor: Han YM; Chan AS [Ad] Endereço: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Electronic address: ymyhan@gmail.com. [Ti] Título: Disordered cortical connectivity underlies the executive function deficits in children with autism spectrum disorders. [So] Source: Res Dev Disabil;61:19-31, 2017 Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1873-3379 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The present study examined the executive function and cortical connectivity of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and investigated whether the executive function deficits exhibited by these children were differentially affected and associated with the cortical connectivity. The present study compared high-functioning (HFA) and low-functioning (LFA) children with typically developing children (TDC) on their executive functions as measured by the Hong Kong List Learning Test, D2 Test of Concentration, Five Point Test, Children's Color Trail Test, Tower of California Test, and Go/No-Go task and neural connectivity as measured by theta coherence in the distributed fronto-parietal network. Thirty-eight children with ASD (19 HFA and 19 LFA) and 28 TDC children, aged 8-17 years, participated voluntarily in the study. The results on executive function showed that the LFA group demonstrated the poorest performance as exhibited by their Executive Composite and individual executive function scores, while the TDC group exhibited the highest. These results have extended the findings of previous studies in demonstrating that HFA and LFA children have significant differences in their degree of executive function deficits. The results on neural connectivity also showed that children with ASD demonstrated a different pattern of electroencephalography (EEG) coherence from TDC children, as demonstrated by the significantly elevated theta coherence in the fronto-parietal network, and that the severity of executive dysfunction between high- and low-functioning children with ASD was found to be associated with the disordered neural connectivity in these children. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Transtorno do Espectro Autista/fisiopatologia Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia Função Executiva [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Transtorno do Espectro Autista/psicologia Estudos de Casos e Controles Criança Eletroencefalografia Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Vias Neurais/fisiopatologia Testes Neuropsicológicos Índice de Gravidade de Doença Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas Teste de Sequência Alfanumérica [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1707 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170718 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170718 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170103 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27886019 [Au] Autor: Dahmen J; Cook D; Fellows R; Schmitter-Edgecombe M [Ad] Endereço: School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. [Ti] Título: An analysis of a digital variant of the Trail Making Test using machine learning techniques. [So] Source: Technol Health Care;25(2):251-264, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1878-7401 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: The goal of this work is to develop a digital version of a standard cognitive assessment, the Trail Making Test (TMT), and assess its utility. OBJECTIVE: This paper introduces a novel digital version of the TMT and introduces a machine learning based approach to assess its capabilities. METHODS: Using digital Trail Making Test (dTMT) data collected from (N = 54) older adult participants as feature sets, we use machine learning techniques to analyze the utility of the dTMT and evaluate the insights provided by the digital features. RESULTS: Predicted TMT scores correlate well with clinical digital test scores (r = 0.98) and paper time to completion scores (r = 0.65). Predicted TICS exhibited a small correlation with clinically derived TICS scores (r = 0.12 Part A, r = 0.10 Part B). Predicted FAB scores exhibited a small correlation with clinically derived FAB scores (r = 0.13 Part A, r = 0.29 for Part B). Digitally derived features were also used to predict diagnosis (AUC of 0.65). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the dTMT is capable of measuring the same aspects of cognition as the paper-based TMT. Furthermore, the dTMT's additional data may be able to help monitor other cognitive processes not captured by the paper-based TMT alone. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aprendizado de Máquina Teste de Sequência Alfanumérica [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Cognição Seres Humanos Meia-Idade Resolução de Problemas [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; VALIDATION STUDIES [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171023 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171023 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161126 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3233/THC-161274

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[PMID]: 27733596 [Au] Autor: Singh T; Fridriksson J; Perry CM; Tryon SC; Ross A; Fritz S; Herter TM [Ad] Endereço: Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. [Ti] Título: A novel computational model to probe visual search deficits during motor performance. [So] Source: J Neurophysiol;117(1):79-92, 2017 Jan 01. [Is] ISSN: 1522-1598 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Successful execution of many motor skills relies on well-organized visual search (voluntary eye movements that actively scan the environment for task-relevant information). Although impairments of visual search that result from brain injuries are linked to diminished motor performance, the neural processes that guide visual search within this context remain largely unknown. The first objective of this study was to examine how visual search in healthy adults and stroke survivors is used to guide hand movements during the Trail Making Test (TMT), a neuropsychological task that is a strong predictor of visuomotor and cognitive deficits. Our second objective was to develop a novel computational model to investigate combinatorial interactions between three underlying processes of visual search (spatial planning, working memory, and peripheral visual processing). We predicted that stroke survivors would exhibit deficits in integrating the three underlying processes, resulting in deteriorated overall task performance. We found that normal TMT performance is associated with patterns of visual search that primarily rely on spatial planning and/or working memory (but not peripheral visual processing). Our computational model suggested that abnormal TMT performance following stroke is associated with impairments of visual search that are characterized by deficits integrating spatial planning and working memory. This innovative methodology provides a novel framework for studying how the neural processes underlying visual search interact combinatorially to guide motor performance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Visual search has traditionally been studied in cognitive and perceptual paradigms, but little is known about how it contributes to visuomotor performance. We have developed a novel computational model to examine how three underlying processes of visual search (spatial planning, working memory, and peripheral visual processing) contribute to visual search during a visuomotor task. We show that deficits integrating spatial planning and working memory underlie abnormal performance in stroke survivors with frontoparietal damage. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/etiologia Simulação por Computador Destreza Motora/fisiologia Transtornos Psicomotores/etiologia Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações Percepção Visual/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Fatores Etários Idoso Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico Feminino Fixação Ocular Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Modelos Biológicos Estimulação Luminosa Estatística como Assunto Teste de Sequência Alfanumérica Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170908 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170908 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161014 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1152/jn.00561.2016

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[PMID]: 27690752 [Au] Autor: Fellows RP; Dahmen J; Cook D; Schmitter-Edgecombe M [Ad] Endereço: a Department of Psychology , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA. [Ti] Título: Multicomponent analysis of a digital Trail Making Test. [So] Source: Clin Neuropsychol;31(1):154-167, 2017 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1744-4144 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to use a newly developed digital tablet-based variant of the TMT to isolate component cognitive processes underlying TMT performance. METHOD: Similar to the paper-based trail making test, this digital variant consists of two conditions, Part A and Part B. However, this digital version automatically collects additional data to create component subtest scores to isolate cognitive abilities. Specifically, in addition to the total time to completion and number of errors, the digital Trail Making Test (dTMT) records several unique components including the number of pauses, pause duration, lifts, lift duration, time inside each circle, and time between circles. Participants were community-dwelling older adults who completed a neuropsychological evaluation including measures of processing speed, inhibitory control, visual working memory/sequencing, and set-switching. The abilities underlying TMT performance were assessed through regression analyses of component scores from the dTMT with traditional neuropsychological measures. RESULTS: Results revealed significant correlations between paper and digital variants of Part A (r = .541, p < .001) and paper and digital versions of Part B (r = .799, p < .001). Regression analyses with traditional neuropsychological measures revealed that Part A components were best predicted by speeded processing, while inhibitory control and visual/spatial sequencing were predictors of specific components of Part B. Exploratory analyses revealed that specific dTMT-B components were associated with a performance-based medication management task. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results elucidate specific cognitive abilities underlying TMT performance, as well as the utility of isolating digital components. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cognição Função Executiva Memória de Curto Prazo Teste de Sequência Alfanumérica [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Estudos de Casos e Controles Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia Computadores de Mão Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Doença de Parkinson/psicologia Análise de Regressão Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas Fatores de Tempo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1706 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170609 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170609 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161004 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2016.1238510

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