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[PMID]: 27863208 [Au] Autor: Sharma D; Goel HC; Chauhan S [Ad] Endereço: Dhara Sharma, Amity Center for Radiation Biology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201303, U.P., India. [Ti] Título: Radioprotective potential of Lagenaria siceraria extract against radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. [So] Source: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab;41(12):1248-1254, 2016 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1715-5320 [Cp] País de publicação: Canada [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The cucurbits (prebiotics) were investigated as novel agents for radio-modification against gastrointestinal injury. The cell-cycle fractions and DNA damage were monitored in HCT-15 cells. A cucurbit extract was added to culture medium 2 h before irradiation (6 Gy) and was substituted by fresh medium at 4 h post-irradiation. The whole extract of the fruits of Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa cylindrica, or Cucurbita pepo extract enhanced G fractions (42%, 34%, and 37%, respectively) as compared with control (20%) and irradiated control (31%). With cucurbits, the comet tail length remained shorter (L. siceraria, 28 µm; L. cylindrica, 34.2 µm; C. pepo, 36.75 µm) than irradiated control (41.75 µm). For in vivo studies, L. siceraria extract (2 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally to mice at 2 h before and 4 and 24 h after whole-body irradiation (10 Gy). L. siceraria treatment restored the glutathione contents to 48.8 µmol/gm as compared with control (27.6 µmol/gm) and irradiated control (19.6 µmol/gm). Irradiation reduced the villi height from 379 to 350 µm and width from 54 to 27 µm. L. siceraria administration countered the radiation effects (length, 366 µm; width, 30 µm, respectively) and improved the villi morphology and tight junction integrity. This study reveals the therapeutic potential of cucurbits against radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Frutas/química Gastroenteropatias/prevenção & controle Lagenidium/química Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico Prebióticos Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/prevenção & controle Protetores contra Radiação/uso terapêutico [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Linhagem Celular Tumoral Cucurbita/química Dano ao DNA Frutas/economia Fase G2/efeitos da radiação Gastroenteropatias/dietoterapia Gastroenteropatias/metabolismo Gastroenteropatias/patologia Glutationa/metabolismo Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo Mucosa Intestinal/patologia Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos da radiação Mucosa Intestinal/ultraestrutura Luffa/química Masculino Camundongos Microvilosidades/metabolismo Microvilosidades/patologia Microvilosidades/efeitos da radiação Microvilosidades/ultraestrutura Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo Efeitos da Radiação Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/dietoterapia Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/metabolismo Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/patologia Protetores contra Radiação/metabolismo Distribuição Aleatória Análise de Sobrevida Junções Íntimas/metabolismo Junções Íntimas/patologia Junções Íntimas/efeitos da radiação Junções Íntimas/ultraestrutura [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Prebiotics); 0 (Radiation-Protective Agents); GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1702 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170207 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170207 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161119 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27576527 [Au] Autor: Feng X; Jopson TD; Paladini MS; Liu S; West BL; Gupta N; Rosi S [Ad] Endereço: Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, 1001 Potrero Ave, Bldg. 1, Room 101, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA. [Ti] Título: Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor blockade prevents fractionated whole-brain irradiation-induced memory deficits. [So] Source: J Neuroinflammation;13(1):215, 2016 Aug 30. [Is] ISSN: 1742-2094 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms and brain metastases are routinely treated with whole-brain radiation. Long-term survival occurs in many patients, but their quality of life is severely affected by the development of cognitive deficits, and there is no treatment to prevent these adverse effects. Neuroinflammation, associated with activation of brain-resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes, plays a pivotal role in loss of neurological function and has been shown to be associated with acute and long-term effects of brain irradiation. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling is essential for the survival and differentiation of microglia and monocytes. Here, we tested the effects of CSF-1R blockade by PLX5622 on cognitive function in mice treated with three fractions of 3.3 Gy whole-brain irradiation. METHODS: Young adult C57BL/6J mice were given three fractions of 3.3 Gy whole-brain irradiation while they were on diet supplemented with PLX5622, and the effects on periphery monocyte accumulation, microglia numbers, and neuronal functions were assessed. RESULTS: The mice developed hippocampal-dependent cognitive deficits at 1 and 3 months after they received fractionated whole-brain irradiation. The impaired cognitive function correlated with increased number of periphery monocyte accumulation in the CNS and decreased dendritic spine density in hippocampal granule neurons. PLX5622 treatment caused temporary reduction of microglia numbers, inhibited monocyte accumulation in the brain, and prevented radiation-induced cognitive deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Blockade of CSF-1R by PLX5622 prevents fractionated whole-brain irradiation-induced memory deficits. Therapeutic targeting of CSF-1R may provide a new avenue for protection from radiation-induced memory deficits. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos Encéfalo/efeitos da radiação Transtornos da Memória/metabolismo Transtornos da Memória/prevenção & controle Receptor de Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Macrófagos/antagonistas & inibidores Receptor de Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Macrófagos/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Aminopiridinas/farmacologia Aminopiridinas/uso terapêutico Animais Masculino Camundongos Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL Camundongos Transgênicos Pirróis/farmacologia Pirróis/uso terapêutico Efeitos da Radiação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (5-((5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)-N-((6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)pyridin-2-amine); 0 (Aminopyridines); 0 (Pyrroles); EC 2.7.10.1 (Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171009 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171009 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160901 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0671-y

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[PMID]: 27211088 [Au] Autor: Moriwaki A; Ishii M; Terazono S; Arao K; Ishii R; Sanada T; Yoshida A [Ad] Endereço: Department of Radiology, Kurashiki Medical Center. [Ti] Título: [Influence of Detector Radiation Damage on CR Mammography Quality Control]. [So] Source: Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi;72(5):424-9, 2016 May. [Is] ISSN: 0369-4305 [Cp] País de publicação: Japan [La] Idioma: jpn [Ab] Resumo: Recently, radiation damage to the detector apparatus employed in computed radiography (CR) mammography has become problematic. The CR system and the imaging plate (IP) applied to quality control (QC) program were also used in clinical mammography in our hospital, and the IP to which radiation damage has occurred was used for approximately 5 years (approximately 13,000 exposures). We considered using previously acquired QC image data, which is stored in a server, to investigate the influence of radiation damage to an IP. The mammography unit employed in this study was a phase contrast mammography (PCM) Mermaid (KONICA MINOLTA) system. The QC image was made newly, and it was output in the film, and thereafter the optical density of the step-phantom image was measured. An input (digital value)-output (optical density) conversion curve was plotted using the obtained data. The digital values were then converted to optical density values using a reference optical density vs. digital value curve. When a high radiation dose was applied directly, radiation damage occurred at a position on the IP where no object was present. Daily QC for mammography is conducted using an American College of Radiology (ACR) accreditation phantom and acrylic disc, and an environmental background density measurement is performed as one of the management indexes. In this study, the radiation damage sustained by the acrylic disc was shown to differ from that of the background. Thus, it was revealed that QC results are influenced by radiation damage. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Mamografia/métodos Efeitos da Radiação Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Mamografia/instrumentação Controle de Qualidade Dose de Radiação Estudos Retrospectivos Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/instrumentação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: ENGLISH ABSTRACT; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1608 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 160523 [Lr] Data última revisão: 160523 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160524 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2016_JSRT_72.5.424

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[PMID]: 27158765 [Au] Autor: O'Malley GF [Ad] Endereço: a Department of Emergency Medicine , Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA. [Ti] Título: The grave is wide: the Hibakusha of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the legacy of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. [So] Source: Clin Toxicol (Phila);54(6):526-30, 2016 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 1556-9519 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Following the atomic bomb attacks on Japan in 1945, scientists from the United States and Japan joined together to study the Hibakusha - the bomb affected people in what was advertised as a bipartisan and cooperative effort. In reality, despite the best efforts of some very dedicated and earnest scientists, the early years of the collaboration were characterized by political friction, censorship, controversy, tension, hostility, and racism. The 70-year history, scientific output and cultural impact of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation are described in the context of the development of Occupied Japan. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Órgãos Governamentais Armas Nucleares Efeitos da Radiação Lesões por Radiação/história [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: História do Século XX Seres Humanos Japão Guerra Nuclear Armas Nucleares/história Sobreviventes Estados Unidos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: HISTORICAL ARTICLE; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1703 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170817 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170817 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160510 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1173217

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[PMID]: 27150009 [Au] Autor: Wen S; Dooner M; Cheng Y; Papa E; Del Tatto M; Pereira M; Deng Y; Goldberg L; Aliotta J; Chatterjee D; Stewart C; Carpanetto A; Collino F; Bruno S; Camussi G; Quesenberry P [Ad] Endereço: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA. [Ti] Título: Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles rescue radiation damage to murine marrow hematopoietic cells. [So] Source: Leukemia;30(11):2221-2231, 2016 Nov. [Is] ISSN: 1476-5551 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to reverse radiation damage to marrow stem cells. We have evaluated the capacity of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) to mitigate radiation injury to marrow stem cells at 4 h to 7 days after irradiation. Significant restoration of marrow stem cell engraftment at 4, 24 and 168 h post irradiation by exposure to MSC-EVs was observed at 3 weeks to 9 months after transplant and further confirmed by secondary engraftment. Intravenous injection of MSC-EVs to 500cGy exposed mice led to partial recovery of peripheral blood counts and restoration of the engraftment of marrow. The murine hematopoietic cell line, FDC-P1 exposed to 500cGy, showed reversal of growth inhibition, DNA damage and apoptosis on exposure to murine or human MSC-EVs. Both murine and human MSC-EVs reverse radiation damage to murine marrow cells and stimulate normal murine marrow stem cell/progenitors to proliferate. A preparation with both exosomes and microvesicles was found to be superior to either microvesicles or exosomes alone. Biologic activity was seen in freshly isolated vesicles and in vesicles stored for up to 6 months in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide at -80 °C. These studies indicate that MSC-EVs can reverse radiation damage to bone marrow stem cells. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Vesículas Extracelulares/fisiologia Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos da radiação Células Mesenquimais Estromais/citologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Células da Medula Óssea Dano ao DNA Vesículas Extracelulares/transplante Sobrevivência de Enxerto Seres Humanos Masculino Camundongos Efeitos da Radiação Transplante de Células-Tronco Transplante Heterólogo Resultado do Tratamento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170814 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170814 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160507 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.107

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[PMID]: 26983651 [Au] Autor: Roobottom CA; Loader R [Ad] Endereço: Department of Radiology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK. Electronic address: carl.roobottom@nhs.net. [Ti] Título: Virtual Special Issue Radiation dose reduction in CT: dose optimisation gains both increasing importance and complexity! [So] Source: Clin Radiol;71(5):438-41, 2016 May. [Is] ISSN: 1365-229X [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Dose de Radiação Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Efeitos da Radiação Processos Estocásticos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: INTRODUCTORY JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1608 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 160328 [Lr] Data última revisão: 160328 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160318 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 26948041 [Au] Autor: Wakeford R [Ad] Endereço: Editor-in-Chief, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Ellen Wilkinson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. [Ti] Título: Chernobyl and Fukushima-where are we now? [So] Source: J Radiol Prot;36(2):E1-5, 2016 Jun. [Is] ISSN: 1361-6498 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos Efeitos da Radiação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Radioisótopos de Césio/análise Seres Humanos Radioisótopos do Iodo/análise Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia Centrais Nucleares Dose de Radiação Monitoramento de Radiação Cinza Radioativa/análise Poluentes Radioativos/análise [Pt] Tipo de publicação: EDITORIAL [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Cesium Radioisotopes); 0 (Iodine Radioisotopes); 0 (Radioactive Fallout); 0 (Radioactive Pollutants) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1703 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170323 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170323 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160308 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/2/E1

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[PMID]: 26880062 [Au] Autor: Thomas GA; Symonds P [Ad] Endereço: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK. Electronic address: Gerry.thomas@imperial.ac.uk. [Ti] Título: Radiation Exposure and Health Effects - is it Time to Reassess the Real Consequences? [So] Source: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol);28(4):231-6, 2016 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1433-2981 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Our acceptance of exposure to radiation is somewhat schizophrenic. We accept that the use of high doses of radiation is still one of the most valuable weapons in our fight against cancer, and believe that bathing in radioactive spas is beneficial. On the other hand, as a species, we are fearful of exposure to man-made radiation as a result of accidents related to power generation, even though we understand that the doses are orders of magnitude lower than those we use everyday in medicine. The 70th anniversary of the detonation of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was marked in 2015. The 30th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident will be marked in April 2016. March 2016 also sees the fifth anniversary of the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. Perhaps now is an opportune time to assess whether we are right to be fearful of the effects of low doses of radiation, or whether actions taken because of our fear of radiation actually cause a greater detriment to health than the direct effect of radiation exposure. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Efeitos da Radiação Exposição à Radiação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Fatores Etários Radiação de Fundo Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima Seres Humanos Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia Guerra Nuclear Dose de Radiação Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos Liberação Nociva de Radioativos Radioterapia Medição de Risco [Pt] Tipo de publicação: EDITORIAL [Em] Mês de entrada: 1608 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171013 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171013 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160217 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 26876459 [Au] Autor: Hasegawa A; Ohira T; Maeda M; Yasumura S; Tanigawa K [Ad] Endereço: Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan. Electronic address: hase@fmu.ac.jp. [Ti] Título: Emergency Responses and Health Consequences after the Fukushima Accident; Evacuation and Relocation. [So] Source: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol);28(4):237-44, 2016 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1433-2981 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The Fukushima accident was a compounding disaster following the strong earthquake and huge tsunami. The direct health effects of radiation were relatively well controlled considering the severity of the accident, not only among emergency workers but also residents. Other serious health issues include deaths during evacuation, collapse of the radiation emergency medical system, increased mortality among displaced elderly people and public healthcare issues in Fukushima residents. The Fukushima mental health and lifestyle survey disclosed that the Fukushima accident caused severe psychological distress in the residents from evacuation zones. In addition to psychiatric and mental health problems, there are lifestyle-related problems such as an increase proportion of those overweight, an increased prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia and changes in health-related behaviours among evacuees; all of which may lead to an increased cardiovascular disease risk in the future. The effects of a major nuclear accident on societies are diverse and enduring. The countermeasures should include disaster management, long-term general public health services, mental and psychological care, behavioural and societal support, in addition to efforts to mitigate the health effects attributable to radiation. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Desastres Terremotos Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima Trabalho de Resgate Tsunamis [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Planejamento em Desastres Tratamento de Emergência Nível de Saúde Seres Humanos Japão Estilo de Vida Saúde Mental Centrais Nucleares Efeitos da Radiação [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1608 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 160304 [Lr] Data última revisão: 160304 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160216 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 26817782 [Au] Autor: Yamashita S; Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey [Ad] Endereço: Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. Electronic address: shun@nagasaki-u.ac.jp. [Ti] Título: Comprehensive Health Risk Management after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident. [So] Source: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol);28(4):255-62, 2016 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1433-2981 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Five years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on 11 March 2011. Countermeasures aimed at human protection during the emergency period, including evacuation, sheltering and control of the food chain were implemented in a timely manner by the Japanese Government. However, there is an apparent need for improvement, especially in the areas of nuclear safety and protection, and also in the management of radiation health risk during and even after the accident. Continuous monitoring and characterisation of the levels of radioactivity in the environment and foods in Fukushima are now essential for obtaining informed consent to the decisions on living in the radio-contaminated areas and also on returning back to the evacuated areas once re-entry is allowed; it is also important to carry out a realistic assessment of the radiation doses on the basis of measurements. Until now, various types of radiation health risk management projects and research have been implemented in Fukushima, among which the Fukushima Health Management Survey is the largest health monitoring project. It includes the Basic Survey for the estimation of external radiation doses received during the first 4 months after the accident and four detailed surveys: thyroid ultrasound examination, comprehensive health check-up, mental health and lifestyle survey, and survey on pregnant women and nursing mothers, with the aim to prospectively take care of the health of all the residents of Fukushima Prefecture for a long time. In particular, among evacuees of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident, concern about radiation risk is associated with psychological stresses. Here, ongoing health risk management will be reviewed, focusing on the difficult challenge of post-disaster recovery and resilience in Fukushima. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Assistência Integral à Saúde Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima Exposição à Radiação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Seres Humanos Japão Estilo de Vida Saúde Mental Vigilância da População Dose de Radiação Efeitos da Radiação Monitoramento de Radiação Gestão de Riscos Estresse Psicológico/psicologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1608 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 160304 [Lr] Data última revisão: 160304 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160129 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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