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[PMID]: 29351318 [Au] Autor: Sigaúque B; Kobayashi M; Vubil D; Nhacolo A; Chaúque A; Moaine B; Massora S; Mandomando I; Nhampossa T; Bassat Q; Pimenta F; Menéndez C; Carvalho MDG; Macete E; Schrag SJ [Ad] Endereço: Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique. [Ti] Título: Invasive bacterial disease trends and characterization of group B streptococcal isolates among young infants in southern Mozambique, 2001-2015. [So] Source: PLoS One;13(1):e0191193, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Maternal group B streptococcal (GBS) vaccines under development hold promise to prevent GBS disease in young infants. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest estimated disease burden, although data on incidence and circulating strains are limited. We described invasive bacterial disease (IBD) trends among infants <90 days in rural Mozambique during 2001-2015, with a focus on GBS epidemiology and strain characteristics. METHODS: Community-level birth and mortality data were obtained from Manhiça's demographic surveillance system. IBD cases were captured through ongoing surveillance at Manhiça district hospital. Stored GBS isolates from cases underwent serotyping by multiplex PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole genome sequencing. RESULTS: There were 437 IBD cases, including 57 GBS cases. Significant declines in overall IBD, neonatal mortality, and stillbirth rates were observed (P<0.0001), but not for GBS (P = 0.17). In 2015, GBS was the leading cause of young infant IBD (2.7 per 1,000 live births). Among 35 GBS isolates available for testing, 31 (88.6%) were highly related serotype III isolates within multilocus sequence types (STs) 17 (68.6%) or 109 (20.0%). All seven ST109 isolates (21.9%) had elevated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to penicillin (≥0.12 µg/mL) associated with penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2x substitution G398A. Epidemiologic and molecular data suggest this is a well-established clone. CONCLUSION: A notable young infant GBS disease burden persisted despite improvements in overall maternal and neonatal health. We report an established strain with pbp2x point mutation, a first-step mutation associated with reduced penicillin susceptibility within a well-known virulent lineage in rural Mozambique. Our findings further underscores the need for non-antibiotic GBS prevention strategies. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia Streptococcus agalactiae [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idade de Início Feminino Genoma Bacteriano Seres Humanos Imunidade Materno-Adquirida Incidência Lactente Recém-Nascido Masculino Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Moçambique/epidemiologia Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex Resistência às Penicilinas/genética Proteínas de Ligação às Penicilinas/genética Mutação Puntual Gravidez Estudos Retrospectivos Sorotipagem Infecções Estreptocócicas/prevenção & controle Vacinas Estreptocócicas/farmacologia Streptococcus agalactiae/efeitos dos fármacos Streptococcus agalactiae/genética Streptococcus agalactiae/isolamento & purificação Virulência/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Penicillin-Binding Proteins); 0 (Streptococcal Vaccines); 128284-03-7 (PBP 2x protein, Streptococcus) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180221 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180221 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180120 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191193

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[PMID]: 28864711 [Au] Autor: Parikh SR; Lucidarme J; Bingham C; Warwicker P; Goodship T; Borrow R; Ladhani SN [Ad] Endereço: Immunisation, Hepatitis, and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom. [Ti] Título: Meningococcal B Vaccine Failure With a Penicillin-Resistant Strain in a Young Adult on Long-Term Eculizumab. [So] Source: Pediatrics;140(3), 2017 Sep. [Is] ISSN: 1098-4275 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: We describe a case of invasive meningococcal disease due to a vaccine-preventable and penicillin-resistant strain in a fully immunized young adult on long-term complement inhibitor therapy and daily penicillin chemoprophylaxis. Eculizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds human complement C5 protein and inhibits the terminal complement pathway. It is currently recommended for the treatment of complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathies. An unwanted complication of inhibiting complement, however, is an increased risk of invasive meningococcal disease. Here, we report the first case of meningococcal group B vaccine failure in a young adult receiving eculizumab for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. She developed invasive meningococcal disease due to a vaccine-preventable and penicillin-resistant meningococcal group B strain 4 months after receiving 2 doses of meningococcal group B vaccine while on oral penicillin prophylaxis against meningococcal infection. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle Vacinas Meningocócicas/efeitos adversos Neisseria meningitidis Sorogrupo B/imunologia Resistência às Penicilinas/imunologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Feminino Seres Humanos Penicilinas/uso terapêutico Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: CASE REPORTS; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized); 0 (Meningococcal Vaccines); 0 (Penicillins); A3ULP0F556 (eculizumab) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170915 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170915 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170903 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28290267 [Au] Autor: Martini CL; Lange CC; Brito MA; Ribeiro JB; Mendonça LC; Vaz EK [Ad] Endereço: University of Santa Catarina State, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences,Lages, Santa Catarina,Brazil. [Ti] Título: Characterisation of penicillin and tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk samples in Minas Gerais, Brazil. [So] Source: J Dairy Res;84(2):202-205, 2017 May. [Is] ISSN: 1469-7629 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: This Regional Research Communication describes the characterisation of ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Ninety S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis exhibiting phenotypic resistance to ampicillin, penicillin and/or tetracycline were selected for this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each antibiotic was determined using the E-Test® and the production of beta-lactamase was determined by cefinase disks. The resistance genes blaZ, tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), and tet(O) were investigated by PCR in all of the isolates. The MIC results classified 77, 83 and 71% of the isolates as resistant to ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 were, respectively, 1 and 2 µg/ml for ampicillin, 0·5 and 1 µg/ml for penicillin and 32 and 64 µg/ml for tetracycline. Eighty-six per cent of beta-lactamase producing isolates were detected. Of the 90 isolates investigated, 97% amplified blaZ, 84% amplified tet(K), 9% amplified tet(L), 2% amplified tet(M) and 1% amplified tet(O). Seventy-nine isolates (88%) showed blaZ together with at least one tet gene. S. aureus isolates showed high MIC50 and MIC90 values for the three antimicrobials. The blaZ and tet(K) genes were widespread in the herds studied, and most of the isolates harboured blaZ and tet(K) concomitantly. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Mastite Bovina/microbiologia Leite/microbiologia Resistência às Penicilinas Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação Resistência a Tetraciclina [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Ampicilina/administração & dosagem Animais Brasil Bovinos Feminino Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Resistência às Penicilinas/genética Penicilinas/administração & dosagem Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária Staphylococcus aureus/genética Tetraciclina/administração & dosagem Resistência a Tetraciclina/genética beta-Lactamases/biossíntese [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Penicillins); 7C782967RD (Ampicillin); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); F8VB5M810T (Tetracycline) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170828 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170828 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170315 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1017/S0022029917000061

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[PMID]: 28276799 [Au] Autor: Jokinen E; Laine J; Huttunen R; Rahikka P; Huhtala H; Vuento R; Vuopio J; Syrjänen J [Ad] Endereço: a Department of Internal Medicine , Infectious Disease Unit, Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland. [Ti] Título: Comparison of outcome and clinical characteristics of bacteremia caused by methicillin-resistant, penicillin-resistant and penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains. [So] Source: Infect Dis (Lond);49(7):493-500, 2017 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 2374-4243 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the association of methicillin resistance and penicillinase production with clinical characteristics and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. METHODS: For 126 patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia, 378 age- and gender-matched controls with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia were selected. Of controls, 126 had bacteremia caused by penicillin-susceptible strains (PSSA) and 252 by penicillinase-producing strains (PRSA). Underlying diseases, clinical course and mortality were retrospectively assessed. RESULTS: Patients with MRSA bacteremia were more often smokers than patients with MSSA bacteremia (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.27-4.32). MRSA bacteremia was more often healthcare-associated (OR 4.23, 95% CI 2.47-7.24), associated with central venous catheters (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.27-3.47), glucocorticoid therapy (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.12-2.93) and prior surgery (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.43-3.76). Patients with MRSA bacteremia received appropriate empiric antibiotic (31%) less often than controls (98%). Mortality within 28 days was higher in MRSA bacteremia (26.8%) than in MSSA bacteremia (15.5%) (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.20-3.34), PRSA bacteremia (17.0%) (OR 1.79 95% CI 1.04-3.09) or PSSA bacteremia (12.5%) (OR 2.56 95% CI 1.27-5.15). The difference remained after adjusting for underlying diseases and foci. There was no significant difference in clinical course between PRSA and PSSA bacteremias. CONCLUSIONS: MRSA bacteremia was associated with poorer outcome than either PRSA or PSSA bacteremia. We corroborated several risk factors found in previous studies. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico Bacteriemia/microbiologia Bacteriemia/patologia Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Resistência a Meticilina Resistência às Penicilinas Estudos Retrospectivos Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico Resultado do Tratamento [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1704 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170417 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170417 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170310 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1292046

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[PMID]: 28125588 [Au] Autor: Hjálmarsdóttir MÁ; Quirk SJ; Haraldsson G; Erlendsdóttir H; Haraldsson Á; Kristinsson KG [Ad] Endereço: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Ti] Título: Comparison of Serotype Prevalence of Pneumococci Isolated from Middle Ear, Lower Respiratory Tract and Invasive Disease Prior to Vaccination in Iceland. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(1):e0169210, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Information on pneumococcal serotype distribution before vaccination is a prerequisite for evaluation of vaccine effect. The aim was to investigate the prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes isolated from middle ear (ME), lower respiratory tract (LRT) and from invasive disease (IPD) in Iceland prior to implementation of ten-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV-10) into the infant vaccination program (April 2011). METHODS AND FINDINGS: All isolates cultured 2007-2011 from ME, LRT and IPD identified as pneumococci were serotyped and tested for susceptibility at the Clinical Microbiology Department, Landspitali University Hospital that serves approximately 85% of the Icelandic population. Pneumococcal isolates were 1711 and 1616 (94.4%) were available for serotyping and included. Isolates belonging to PHiD-CV10 serotypes (VTs) were 1052 (65.1%). Isolates from ME were 879 (54.4%), with 639 (72.7%) from 0-1 year old patients and 651 of VTs (74%). Isolates from LRT were 564 (34.9%), with 292 (51.8%) from ≥65 years old patients, and 300 (53.2%) of VTs. IPD isolates were 173 (10.7%), although more evenly distributed according to age than isolates from the other sites most were from adults and the youngest age group,101 (58.4%) isolates were of VTs. The most common serotype was 19F, 583 (36.1%). Its prevalence was highest in ME, 400 (45.5%), 172 (30.5%) in LRT and 11 isolates (6.4%), in IPD. Penicillin non-susceptible isolates were 651 (40.3%), mainly belonging to VTs, 611 (93.9%), including 535 (82.2%) of 19F. CONCLUSIONS: Multiresistant isolates of serotype 19F were highly prevalent, especially from ME of young children but also from LRT of adults. Serotype 14 was the most common serotype in IPD. The rate of VTs was high and almost all PNSP were of VTs. There was great difference in vaccine coverage between sampling sites, also reflecting difference in vaccine coverage by age groups. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Orelha Média/microbiologia Haemophilus influenzae/imunologia Infecções Pneumocócicas/prevenção & controle Vacinas Pneumocócicas/administração & dosagem Sistema Respiratório/microbiologia Streptococcus pneumoniae/imunologia Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Fatores Etários Idoso Antibacterianos/farmacologia Criança Pré-Escolar Orelha Média/efeitos dos fármacos Orelha Média/imunologia Feminino Haemophilus influenzae/genética Seres Humanos Islândia/epidemiologia Lactente Recém-Nascido Masculino Meia-Idade Resistência às Penicilinas/genética Penicilinas/farmacologia Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia Infecções Pneumocócicas/imunologia Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia Vacinas Pneumocócicas/biossíntese Vacinas Pneumocócicas/genética Prevalência Sistema Respiratório/efeitos dos fármacos Sistema Respiratório/imunologia Sorotipagem Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação Vacinas Conjugadas [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Penicillins); 0 (Pneumococcal Vaccines); 0 (Vaccines, Conjugate) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170808 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170808 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170127 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169210

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[PMID]: 28100596 [Au] Autor: Andam CP; Mitchell PK; Callendrello A; Chang Q; Corander J; Chaguza C; McGee L; Beall BW; Hanage WP [Ad] Endereço: Department of Epidemiology, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA cheryl.andam@gmail.com whanage@hsph.harvard.edu. [Ti] Título: Genomic Epidemiology of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Pneumococci with Nonvaccine Serotypes Causing Invasive Disease in the United States. [So] Source: J Clin Microbiol;55(4):1104-1115, 2017 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1098-660X [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Conjugate vaccination against seven pneumococcal serotypes (PCV7) reduced disease prevalence due to antibiotic-resistant strains throughout the 2000s. However, diseases caused by resistant nonvaccine type (NVT) strains increased. Some of these emerging strains were derived from vaccine types (VT) that had changed their capsule by recombination. The introduction of a vaccine targeting 13 serotypes (PCV13) in 2010 has led to concern that this scenario will repeat itself. We generated high-quality draft genomes from 265 isolates of NVT pneumococci not susceptible to penicillin (PNSP) in 2009 and compared them with the genomes of 581 isolates from 2012 to 2013 collected by the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Of the seven sequence clusters (SCs) identified, three SCs fell into a single lineage associated with serogroup 23, which had an origin in 1908 as dated by coalescent analysis and included isolates with a divergent 23B capsule locus. Three other SCs represented relatively deep-branching lineages associated with serotypes 35B, 15A, and 15BC. In all cases, the resistant clones originated prior to 2010, indicating that PNSP are at present dominated by descendants of NVT clones present before vaccination. With one exception (15BC/ST3280), these SCs were related to clones identified by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network (PMEN). We conclude that postvaccine diversity in NVT PNSP between 2009 and 2013 was driven mainly by the persistence of preexisting strains rather than through adaptation, with few cases of serotype switching. Future surveillance is essential for documenting the long-term dynamics and resistance of NVT PNSP. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Genótipo Resistência às Penicilinas Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia Sorogrupo Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Criança Pré-Escolar Monitoramento Epidemiológico Evolução Molecular Feminino Genoma Bacteriano Seres Humanos Lactente Recém-Nascido Masculino Meia-Idade Epidemiologia Molecular Análise de Sequência de DNA Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação Estados Unidos/epidemiologia Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1707 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171002 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171002 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170120 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02453-16

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[PMID]: 27999043 [Au] Autor: Lahra MM; Trembizki E; Buckley C; Donovan B; Chen M; Guy R; Kundu RL; Regan DG; Whiley DM; GRAND Study Investigators [Ad] Endereço: WHO Collaborating Centre for STD, Microbiology Department, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia. [Ti] Título: Changes in the rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance are primarily driven by dynamic fluctuations in common gonococcal genotypes. [So] Source: J Antimicrob Chemother;72(3):705-711, 2017 Mar 01. [Is] ISSN: 1460-2091 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Objectives: To examine how gonococcal genotypes and associated changes over time influence rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance. Methods: All available N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected in New South Wales, Australia in the first half of both 2012 and 2014 were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Genotypic data were compared with phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles over time. We focused on penicillin and ciprofloxacin as significant increases in resistance to both antibiotics were observed over this time period. Results: Genotyping data were obtained for 760 and 782 isolates in 2012 and 2014, respectively. A total of 162 distinct genotypes were identified in the study, including 36 (22.2%) genotypes present in both years ( persisting genotypes), 54 (33.3%) observed in 2012 only and 72 (44.4%) observed in 2014 only (s ingle-year genotypes). Overall, persisting genotypes comprised 15 of the 20 most common genotypes, 8 of which showed a significant change in proportion from 2012 to 2014. Persisting genotypes also comprised the majority (>70%) of ciprofloxacin- and penicillin-resistant isolates in both years. Significant fluctuations in the most common persisting genotypes accounted for the majority of observed increases in both ciprofloxacin and penicillin resistance. Single-year genotypes contributed to ∼20% of ciprofloxacin and penicillin resistance in each year. Conclusions: The results show that the gonococcal genotypes persisting in the study population fluctuated significantly within a 3 year period, with numerous other genotypes appearing or disappearing. It is the net effect of these changes that determines N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance levels within the population. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética Gonorreia/epidemiologia Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efeitos dos fármacos Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Austrália/epidemiologia Ceftriaxona/farmacologia Ciprofloxacino/farmacologia DNA Bacteriano/genética Genótipo Gonorreia/microbiologia Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Resistência às Penicilinas/genética Penicilinas/farmacologia Espectinomicina/farmacologia Resistência a Tetraciclina/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (Penicillins); 5E8K9I0O4U (Ciprofloxacin); 75J73V1629 (Ceftriaxone); 93AKI1U6QF (Spectinomycin) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171010 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171010 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161222 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw452

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[PMID]: 27889420 [Au] Autor: Ferreira AM; Martins KB; Silva VR; Mondelli AL; Cunha ML [Ad] Endereço: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu Biosciences Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital, Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Ti] Título: Correlation of phenotypic tests with the presence of the blaZ gene for detection of beta-lactamase. [So] Source: Braz J Microbiol;48(1):159-166, 2017 Jan - Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1678-4405 [Cp] País de publicação: Brazil [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are the most common and most important staphylococcal species associated with urinary tract infections. The objective of the present study was to compare and to evaluate the accuracy of four phenotypic methods for the detection of beta-lactamase production in Staphylococcus spp. Seventy-three strains produced a halo with a diameter ≤28mm (penicillin resistant) and all of them were positive for the blaZ gene. Among the 28 susceptible strain (halo ≥29mm), 23 carried the blaZ gene and five did not. The zone edge test was the most sensitive (90.3%), followed by MIC determination (85.5%), but the specificity of the former was low (40.0%). The nitrocefin test was the least sensitive (28.9%). However, the nitrocefin test together with the disk diffusion method showed the highest specificity (100%). The present results demonstrated that the zone edge test was the most sensitive phenotypic test for detection of beta-lactamase, although it is still not an ideal test to detect this type of resistance since its specificity was low. However, the inhibition halo diameter of the penicillin disk can be used together with the zone edge test since the same disk is employed in the two tests. Combined analysis of the two tests shows a sensitivity of 90.3% and specificity of 100%, proving better sensitivity, especially for S. saprophyticus. This is a low-cost test of easy application and interpretation that can be used in small and medium-sized laboratories where susceptibility testing is usually performed by the disk diffusion method. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Resistência beta-Lactâmica beta-Lactamases/genética beta-Lactamases/metabolismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão Genótipo Resistência às Penicilinas Sensibilidade e Especificidade Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia Staphylococcus saprophyticus/efeitos dos fármacos Staphylococcus saprophyticus/genética Staphylococcus saprophyticus/metabolismo Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1702 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170220 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170220 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161128 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28146620 [Au] Autor: Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska B; Kujawa M; Mynarczyk G; Malejczyk M; Majewski S [Ti] Título: Dominating types of penicillinase-plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in 2010-2012 in Warsaw. [So] Source: Med Dosw Mikrobiol;68(1):34-38, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 0025-8601 [Cp] País de publicação: Poland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: INTRODUCTION: The reason of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance to penicillin is often production of TEM beta-lactamases encoded by plasmids. The most common types of the plasmid are Africa, Asia and Toronto/Rio. Another reason of resistance can be mutations in bacterial chromosome. The aim of the study was to investigate the types of plasmids occurring in in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in 2010-2012 in Warsaw. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 218 isolated in 2010, 2011 and at the beginning of 2012 from patients of Medical University in Warsaw we selected 12 strains producing beta- lactamase (penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae, PPNG). d B-tests to investigate bacterial sensitivity to penicillin and cefiriaxon. The types of plasmids were determined with PCR. RESULTS: The Beta-lactamases were encoded by Toronto/Rio (41,7%), Asia (33,3%) and Africa (25,0%) plasmids. All the strains were resistant to penicillin (MIC 2-8 mg/L) and sensitive to ceftriaxon (MIC 0,004-0,032 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS: All of the investigate PPNG strains were penicillin resistant and ceftriaxon sensitive. The dominating type of the penicillinase plasmid was Toronto/Rio. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Proteínas de Bactérias/genética Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificação Resistência às Penicilinas/genética Penicilinase/genética Plasmídeos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Gonorreia/diagnóstico Gonorreia/enzimologia Gonorreia/genética Seres Humanos Neisseria gonorrhoeae/enzimologia Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética Polônia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Bacterial Proteins); EC 3.5.2.- (Penicillinase) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1703 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170317 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170317 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170202 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27941957 [Au] Autor: Zarco-Márquez S; Volkow-Fernández P; Velázquez-Acosta C; Echániz-Avilés G; Carnalla-Barajas MN; Soto-Noguerón A; Cornejo-Juárez P [Ad] Endereço: Microbiology Laboratory Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico. [Ti] Título: Invasive and Complicated Pneumococcal Infection in Patients with Cancer. [So] Source: Rev Invest Clin;68(5):221-228, 2016 Sep-Oct. [Is] ISSN: 0034-8376 [Cp] País de publicação: Mexico [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: In susceptible patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause complicated pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and antimicrobial features of complicated and invasive pneumococcal disease in patients with cancer. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study including all S. pneumoniae isolates between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015 in an oncology center. Capsular serotyping was done in isolates from sterile sites. RESULTS: There were 103 episodes: 69 with invasive pneumococcal disease and 34 with complicated pneumonia. Sixty-two patients were male (60%); mean age was 50 years. Eighty-four isolates were susceptible to penicillin (81.6%), 11 (10%) were intermediate, and eight (8.3%) were resistant. Serotyping was performed in 64 isolates; the main serotypes identified were 3 (n = 13) and 19A (n = 11). No patient had a record of vaccination. Mortality at seven days attributed to pneumococcal infection was different in invasive pneumococcal disease (n = 18, 28.6%) vs. pneumonia (n = 3, 8.9%; p = 0.04). Thirty-day mortality related with the infectious process was statistically different between both groups: 21 patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (30.4%) and six with pneumonia (17.6%; p = 0.04). By logistic analysis, the risk factor associated with mortality was not having received appropriate antimicrobial treatment in the first 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS: S. pneumoniae is a pathogen related with high mortality in patients with cancer. Pneumococcal immunization needs to be reinforced in this population. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Antibacterianos/farmacologia Neoplasias/complicações Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana Meia-Idade Resistência às Penicilinas Penicilinas/farmacologia Infecções Pneumocócicas/etiologia Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia Pneumonia Pneumocócica/epidemiologia Pneumonia Pneumocócica/etiologia Pneumonia Pneumocócica/microbiologia Estudos Retrospectivos Fatores de Risco Sorotipagem Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Penicillins) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1707 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170817 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170817 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161213 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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