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[PMID]: 29430912 [Au] Autor: Marasanov AV; Valtseva EA [Ti] Título: [Scientific potential of phenomics - functional direction of genetics]. [So] Source: Gig Sanit;95(9):805-10, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 0016-9900 [Cp] País de publicação: Russia (Federation) [La] Idioma: rus [Ab] Resumo: In this paper on the based on the integration of known theories, doctrines and concepts - principles of consistency and self-regulation of physiological functions (Pavlov I.P., 1950), the theory offunctional systems (Anokhin P.K., 1973), the theory of adaptive reactions (Selye H., 1960 ; Garkavi LKh et al, 1979), the doctrine of the dominant (Ukhtomsky A.A., 1966), doctrine on health (Baevsky R.M.), doctrine on the body type of the human by Merlin VS. conception on the "the interrelationship between the function and genetic apparatus" by Meyerson F.Z., Pshennikova M.G., Platonov V.N., and others, there is proposed to select phenomics - functional division of genetics considering the poolability of specific mechanisms of the body in an integral system of the adaptive act in favor of the development of a personalized approach to the diagnosis and prevention of non-communicable diseases, increasing life expectancy of working age into the particular scientific direction. The task of phenomics is the establishment of the phenotypic characteristics of the person, norms of the response of systems of his body, determination of the deviation of the level of the functioning of the each system from the norm of its response and the elaboration of the tactics for the correction of the functional state of the organism (the optimization of its life activity), with taking into account the directedness of the interaction of body systems. The description of the shaping of the mechanism of stereotyped response of the organism generated an important contribution to the development of phenomics. Stereotyped response being initiated by the non-specific response of the body is aimed at the shaping of the activity of its systems after a fashion of norms of the activity, promotes the recovery of the specificity of the body, plays an important role in the establishment of cause-effect relations of the disease. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Adaptação Biológica/genética Exposição Ambiental Estresse Fisiológico/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos Exposição Ambiental/prevenção & controle Saúde Ambiental/tendências Genética Humana/métodos Genética Humana/tendências Seres Humanos Fenótipo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180213 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28968924 [Au] Autor: Zvobgo G; LwalabaWaLwalaba J; Sagonda T; Mutemachani Mapodzeke J; Muhammad N; Haider Shamsi I; Zhang G [Ad] Endereço: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China. [Ti] Título: Phosphate alleviates arsenate toxicity by altering expression of phosphate transporters in the tolerant barley genotypes. [So] Source: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf;147:832-839, 2018 Jan. [Is] ISSN: 1090-2414 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The contribution of the phosphate transporters (PHTs) in uptake of arsenate (As ) and phosphate (P) is a widely recognized mechanism. Here we investigated how P regulates the uptake of As and the subsequent effects on growth and relative expression of PHTs. The study was conducted on 3 barley genotypes differing in As tolerance (ZDB160, As-tolerant; ZDB115, moderately tolerant; ZDB475, As-sensitive) using a hydroponic experiment. There were 3 As (0, 10 and 100µM) and 3P (0, 50 and 500µM) levels. The results showed that the negative effect of As stress on plant growth, photosynthesis and cell ultra-structure is As dose and barley genotype dependent, confirming the distinctly genotypic difference in As tolerance. As uptake and accumulation in plant tissues are closely associated with inhibited extent of growth and photosynthesis, with the tolerant genotype ZDB160 having lower As content than other two genotypes. The toxic effect caused by As stress could be alleviated by P addition, mainly due to reduced As uptake. Moreover, the tolerant genotype showed relatively lower expression PHTs than sensitive ones upon exposure to both As stress and P addition, suggesting regulation of PHTs expression is a major mechanism for relative uptake of As and P, in subsequence affecting As tolerance. Moreover, among 6 PHTs examined in this study, the expressions of PHT1.3, PHT1.4 and PHT1.6 showed the marked difference among the three barley genotypes in responses to As stress and P addition, indicating further research on the contribution of phosphate transporters to As and P uptake should be focused on these PHTs. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Adaptação Biológica Arseniatos/toxicidade Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos Hordeum/metabolismo Proteínas de Transporte de Fosfato/genética Fosfatos/farmacologia Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adaptação Biológica/genética Arseniatos/metabolismo Biomassa Genótipo Hordeum/genética Hordeum/crescimento & desenvolvimento Modelos Teóricos Fosfatos/metabolismo Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Arsenates); 0 (Phosphate Transport Proteins); 0 (Phosphates); 0 (Soil Pollutants) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180308 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180308 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171004 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29367589 [Au] Autor: Ho WC; Zhang J [Ad] Endereço: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. [Ti] Título: Evolutionary adaptations to new environments generally reverse plastic phenotypic changes. [So] Source: Nat Commun;9(1):350, 2018 01 24. [Is] ISSN: 2041-1723 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Organismal adaptation to a new environment may start with plastic phenotypic changes followed by genetic changes, but whether the plastic changes are stepping stones to genetic adaptation is debated. Here we address this question by investigating gene expression and metabolic flux changes in the two-phase adaptation process using transcriptomic data from multiple experimental evolution studies and computational metabolic network analysis, respectively. We discover that genetic changes more frequently reverse than reinforce plastic phenotypic changes in virtually every adaptation. Metabolic network analysis reveals that, even in the presence of plasticity, organismal fitness drops after environmental shifts, but largely recovers through subsequent evolution. Such fitness trajectories explain why plastic phenotypic changes are genetically compensated rather than strengthened. In conclusion, although phenotypic plasticity may serve as an emergency response to a new environment that is necessary for survival, it does not generally facilitate genetic adaptation by bringing the organismal phenotype closer to the new optimum. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Adaptação Biológica Meio Ambiente Redes e Vias Metabólicas/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Escherichia coli/genética Escherichia coli/metabolismo Escherichia coli/fisiologia Perfilação da Expressão Gênica Fenótipo Poecilia/genética Poecilia/metabolismo Poecilia/fisiologia Transcriptoma Leveduras/genética Leveduras/metabolismo Leveduras/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180305 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180305 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180126 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02724-5

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[PMID]: 27775721 [Au] Autor: Garrett N; Lazzaro SC; Ariely D; Sharot T [Ad] Endereço: Affective Brain Lab, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK. [Ti] Título: The brain adapts to dishonesty. [So] Source: Nat Neurosci;19(12):1727-1732, 2016 12. [Is] ISSN: 1546-1726 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Dishonesty is an integral part of our social world, influencing domains ranging from finance and politics to personal relationships. Anecdotally, digressions from a moral code are often described as a series of small breaches that grow over time. Here we provide empirical evidence for a gradual escalation of self-serving dishonesty and reveal a neural mechanism supporting it. Behaviorally, we show that the extent to which participants engage in self-serving dishonesty increases with repetition. Using functional MRI, we show that signal reduction in the amygdala is sensitive to the history of dishonest behavior, consistent with adaptation. Critically, the extent of reduced amygdala sensitivity to dishonesty on a present decision relative to the previous one predicts the magnitude of escalation of self-serving dishonesty on the next decision. The findings uncover a biological mechanism that supports a 'slippery slope': what begins as small acts of dishonesty can escalate into larger transgressions. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Adaptação Biológica/fisiologia Comportamento/fisiologia Encéfalo/fisiologia Tomada de Decisões/fisiologia Princípios Morais [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Idoso Feminino Seres Humanos Imagem por Ressonância Magnética Masculino Meia-Idade Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180223 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180223 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161108 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/nn.4426

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[PMID]: 28460660 [Au] Autor: Swings T; Van den Bergh B; Wuyts S; Oeyen E; Voordeckers K; Verstrepen KJ; Fauvart M; Verstraeten N; Michiels J [Ad] Endereço: Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. [Ti] Título: Adaptive tuning of mutation rates allows fast response to lethal stress in . [So] Source: Elife;6, 2017 05 02. [Is] ISSN: 2050-084X [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: While specific mutations allow organisms to adapt to stressful environments, most changes in an organism's DNA negatively impact fitness. The mutation rate is therefore strictly regulated and often considered a slowly-evolving parameter. In contrast, we demonstrate an unexpected flexibility in cellular mutation rates as a response to changes in selective pressure. We show that hypermutation independently evolves when different cultures adapt to high ethanol stress. Furthermore, hypermutator states are transitory and repeatedly alternate with decreases in mutation rate. Specifically, population mutation rates rise when cells experience higher stress and decline again once cells are adapted. Interestingly, we identified cellular mortality as the major force driving the quick evolution of mutation rates. Together, these findings show how organisms balance robustness and evolvability and help explain the prevalence of hypermutation in various settings, ranging from emergence of antibiotic resistance in microbes to cancer relapses upon chemotherapy. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Escherichia coli/genética Escherichia coli/fisiologia Taxa de Mutação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adaptação Biológica Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos Etanol/toxicidade Seleção Genética Estresse Fisiológico [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Nm] Nome de substância: 3K9958V90M (Ethanol) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180211 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180211 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170503 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 29187605 [Au] Autor: Urban-Mead KR [Ad] Endereço: Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 370 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA katherine.urban-mead@yale.edu kru4@cornell.edu. [Ti] Título: Predictability of bee community composition after floral removals differs by floral trait group. [So] Source: Biol Lett;13(11), 2017 11. [Is] ISSN: 1744-957X [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Plant-bee visitor communities are complex networks. While studies show that deleting nodes alters network topology, predicting these changes in the field remains difficult. Here, a simple trait-based approach is tested for predicting bee community composition following disturbance. I selected six fields with mixed cover of flower species with shallow (open) and deep (tube) nectar access, and removed all flowers or flower heads of species of each trait in different plots paired with controls, then observed bee foraging and composition. I compared the bee community in each manipulated plot with bees on the same flower species in control plots. The bee morphospecies composition in manipulations with only tube flowers remaining was the same as that in the control plots, while the bee morphospecies on only open flowers were dissimilar from those in control plots. However, the proportion of short- and long-tongued bees on focal flowers did not differ between control and manipulated plots for either manipulation. So, bees within some functional groups are more strongly linked to their floral trait partners than others. And, it may be more fruitful to describe expected bee community compositions in terms of relative proportions of relevant ecological traits than species, particularly in species-diverse communities. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Distribuição Animal Abelhas Flores Polinização [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adaptação Biológica Animais Ecossistema Dinâmica Populacional [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180204 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180204 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171201 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28744786 [Au] Autor: Consuegra J; Plucain J; Gaffé J; Hindré T; Schneider D [Ad] Endereço: University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000, Grenoble, France. [Ti] Título: Genetic Basis of Exploiting Ecological Opportunity During the Long-Term Diversification of a Bacterial Population. [So] Source: J Mol Evol;85(1-2):26-36, 2017 Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1432-1432 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Adaptive diversification is an essential evolutionary process, one that produces phenotypic innovations including the colonization of available ecological niches. Bacteria can diverge in sympatry when ecological opportunities allow, but the underlying genetic mechanisms are often unknown. Perhaps, the longest-lasting adaptive diversification seen in the laboratory occurred during the long-term evolution experiment, in which 12 populations of Escherichia coli have been evolving independently for more than 65,000 generations from a common ancestor. In one population, two lineages, S and L, emerged at ~6500 generations and have dynamically coexisted ever since by negative frequency-dependent interactions mediated, in part, by acetate secretion by L. Mutations in spoT, arcA, and gntR promoted the emergence of the S lineage, although they reproduced only partially its phenotypic traits. Here, we characterize the evolved mechanism of acetate consumption by the S lineage that enabled invasion and coexistence with the L lineage. We identified an additional mutation in acs that, together with the arcA mutation, drove an early restructuring of the transcriptional control of central metabolism in S, leading to improved acetate consumption. Pervasive epistatic interactions within the S genome contributed to the exploitation of this new ecological opportunity. The emergence and maintenance of this long-term polymorphism is a complex multi-step process. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Adaptação Biológica Evolução Biológica Escherichia coli/genética Mutação [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Ácido Acético/metabolismo Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética Escherichia coli/metabolismo Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética Fenótipo Polimorfismo Genético Pirofosfatases/genética Proteínas Repressoras/genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins); 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins); 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins); 0 (GntR protein, E coli); 0 (Repressor Proteins); 0 (arcA protein, E coli); EC 3.1.7.2 (guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-pyrophosphatase); EC 3.6.1.- (Pyrophosphatases); Q40Q9N063P (Acetic Acid) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171207 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171207 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170727 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/s00239-017-9802-z

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[PMID]: 28459980 [Au] Autor: Fares MA; Sabater-Muñoz B; Toft C [Ad] Endereço: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Ti] Título: Genome Mutational and Transcriptional Hotspots Are Traps for Duplicated Genes and Sources of Adaptations. [So] Source: Genome Biol Evol;9(5):1229-1240, 2017 05 01. [Is] ISSN: 1759-6653 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Gene duplication generates new genetic material, which has been shown to lead to major innovations in unicellular and multicellular organisms. A whole-genome duplication occurred in the ancestor of Saccharomyces yeast species but 92% of duplicates returned to single-copy genes shortly after duplication. The persisting duplicated genes in Saccharomyces led to the origin of major metabolic innovations, which have been the source of the unique biotechnological capabilities in the Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. What factors have determined the fate of duplicated genes remains unknown. Here, we report the first demonstration that the local genome mutation and transcription rates determine the fate of duplicates. We show, for the first time, a preferential location of duplicated genes in the mutational and transcriptional hotspots of S. cerevisiae genome. The mechanism of duplication matters, with whole-genome duplicates exhibiting different preservation trends compared to small-scale duplicates. Genome mutational and transcriptional hotspots are rich in duplicates with large repetitive promoter elements. Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows more tolerance to deleterious mutations in duplicates with repetitive promoter elements, which in turn exhibit higher transcriptional plasticity against environmental perturbations. Our data demonstrate that the genome traps duplicates through the accelerated regulatory and functional divergence of their gene copies providing a source of novel adaptations in yeast. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Duplicação Gênica Mutação Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiologia Transcrição Genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adaptação Biológica Taxa de Mutação Regiões Promotoras Genéticas Estresse Fisiológico [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171206 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171206 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170502 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx085

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[PMID]: 29070521 [Au] Autor: Lomeli N; Bota DA; Davies KJA [Ad] Endereço: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, U.S.A. [Ti] Título: Diminished stress resistance and defective adaptive homeostasis in age-related diseases. [So] Source: Clin Sci (Lond);131(21):2573-2599, 2017 Nov 01. [Is] ISSN: 1470-8736 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Adaptive homeostasis is defined as the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range following exposure to subtoxic, non-damaging, signaling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events ( ). Adaptive homeostasis allows us to transiently adapt (and then de-adapt) to fluctuating levels of internal and external stressors. The ability to cope with transient changes in internal and external environmental stress, however, diminishes with age. Declining adaptive homeostasis may make older people more susceptible to many diseases. Chronic oxidative stress and defective protein homeostasis (proteostasis) are two major factors associated with the etiology of age-related disorders. In the present paper, we review the contribution of impaired responses to oxidative stress and defective adaptive homeostasis in the development of age-associated diseases. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Fatores Etários Homeostase/fisiologia Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adaptação Biológica/fisiologia Animais Seres Humanos Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171109 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171109 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171027 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1042/CS20160982

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[PMID]: 28985561 [Au] Autor: Bowman JL; Kohchi T; Yamato KT; Jenkins J; Shu S; Ishizaki K; Yamaoka S; Nishihama R; Nakamura Y; Berger F; Adam C; Aki SS; Althoff F; Araki T; Arteaga-Vazquez MA; Balasubrmanian S; Barry K; Bauer D; Boehm CR; Briginshaw L; Caballero-Perez J; Catarino B; Chen F; Chiyoda S; Chovatia M; Davies KM; Delmans M; Demura T; Dierschke T; Dolan L; Dorantes-Acosta AE; Eklund DM; Florent SN; Flores-Sandoval E; Fujiyama A; Fukuzawa H; Galik B; Grimanelli D; Grimwood J; Grossniklaus U; Hamada T; Haseloff J; Hetherington AJ; Higo A; Hirakawa Y; Hundley HN; Ikeda Y; Inoue K; Inoue SI; Ishida S [Ad] Endereço: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia. Electronic address: john.bowman@monash.edu. [Ti] Título: Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome. [So] Source: Cell;171(2):287-304.e15, 2017 Oct 05. [Is] ISSN: 1097-4172 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Evolução Biológica Embriófitas/genética Genoma de Planta Marchantia/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adaptação Biológica Embriófitas/fisiologia Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas Marchantia/fisiologia Anotação de Sequência Molecular Transdução de Sinais Transcrição Genética [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171026 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171026 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171007 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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