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[PMID]: 28754564 [Au] Autor: Cloutier JM; Liu S; Hiebert B; Tam JW; Seifer CM [Ad] Endereço: University of Manitoba, Section of Cardiology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. [Ti] Título: Relationship of Extreme Cold Weather and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks. [So] Source: Am J Cardiol;120(6):1002-1007, 2017 Sep 15. [Is] ISSN: 1879-1913 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Cold weather to 0°C has been implicated as a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks. The effect of more extreme cold weather on the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and ICD shocks is unknown. We sought to describe the relationship between extreme cold weather and the risk of ICD shocks. We retrospectively identified patients seen at the Pacemaker and Defibrillator Clinic at St. Boniface Hospital in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada between 2010 and 2015 with an ICD shock. We excluded multiple shocks occurring on the same day in a single patient. We collected weather data, and evaluated the relationship between ICD shocks and weather on the same day as the shock using Negative Binomial regression. Three hundred and sixty patients experienced a total of 1,355 shocks. When excluding multiple shocks occurring in a single patient on the same day, there were 756 unique shocks. The daily high (DH) was the strongest predictor of receiving an ICD shock. Compared with the warmest days (DH above 10°C), shocks were 25% more common on the coldest days (DH below -10°C), and 8% more common on cold days (DH between -10°C and 10°C). This linear trend was statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.04. In conclusion, we found an association between extreme cold weather and ICD shocks. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia Desfibriladores Implantáveis Cardioversão Elétrica/instrumentação Frio Extremo/efeitos adversos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Arritmias Cardíacas/mortalidade Causas de Morte/tendências Feminino Seres Humanos Masculino Manitoba/epidemiologia Meia-Idade Estudos Retrospectivos Fatores de Risco Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170901 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170901 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170730 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28692396 [Au] Autor: VanStone N; van Dijk A; Chisamore T; Mosley B; Hall G; Belanger P; Michael Moore K [Ad] Endereço: 1 Kingston, Frontenac and Lennox & Addington Public Health, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Ti] Título: Characterizing the Effects of Extreme Cold Using Real-time Syndromic Surveillance, Ontario, Canada, 2010-2016. [So] Source: Public Health Rep;132(1_suppl):48S-52S, 2017 Jul/Aug. [Is] ISSN: 1468-2877 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Morbidity and mortality from exposure to extreme cold highlight the need for meaningful temperature thresholds to activate public health alerts. We analyzed emergency department (ED) records for cold temperature-related visits collected by the Acute Care Enhanced Surveillance system-a syndromic surveillance system that captures data on ED visits from hospitals in Ontario-for geographic trends related to ambient winter temperature. We used 3 Early Aberration Reporting System algorithms of increasing sensitivity-C1, C2, and C3-to determine the temperature at which anomalous counts of cold temperature-related ED visits occurred in northern and southern Ontario from 2010 to 2016. The C2 algorithm was the most sensitive detection method. Results showed lower threshold temperatures for Acute Care Enhanced Surveillance alerts in northern Ontario than in southern Ontario. Public health alerts for cold temperature warnings that are based on cold temperature-related ED visit counts and ambient temperature may improve the accuracy of public warnings about cold temperature risks. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos Frio Extremo/efeitos adversos Vigilância da População/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/organização & administração Seres Humanos Modelos Estatísticos Morbidade Ontário Estações do Ano [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1707 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171122 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171122 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170711 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1177/0033354917708354

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[PMID]: 28689030 [Au] Autor: Ayoub A; Kosatsky T; Smargiassi A; Bilodeau-Bertrand M; Auger N [Ad] Endereço: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [Ti] Título: Risk of hospitalization for fire-related burns during extreme cold weather. [So] Source: Environ Res;158:393-398, 2017 10. [Is] ISSN: 1096-0953 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Environmental factors are important predictors of fires, but no study has examined the association between outdoor temperature and fire-related burn injuries. We sought to investigate the relationship between extremely cold outdoor temperatures and the risk of hospitalization for fire-related burns. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a time-stratified case-crossover study of 2470 patients hospitalized for fire-related burn injuries during cold months between 1989 and 2014 in Quebec, Canada. The main exposure was the minimum outdoor temperature on the day of and the day before the burn. We computed odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the relationship between minimum temperature and fire-related burns, and assessed how associations varied across sex and age. RESULTS: Exposure to extreme cold temperature was associated with a significantly higher risk of hospitalization for fire-related burns. Compared with 0°C, exposure to a minimum temperature of -30°C was associated with an OR of 1.51 (95% CI 1.22-1.87) for hospitalization for fire-related burns. The associations were somewhat stronger for women, youth, and the elderly. Compared with 0°C, a minimum temperature of -30°C was associated with an OR for fire-related burn hospitalization of 1.65 for women (95% CI 1.13-2.40), 1.60 for age < 25 years (95% CI 1.02-2.52), and 1.73 for age ≥ 65 years (95% CI 1.08-2.77). DISCUSSION: Extremely cold outdoor temperature is a risk factor for fire-related burns. Measures to prevent fires should be implemented prior to the winter season, and enhanced during extreme cold. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Queimaduras/epidemiologia Frio Extremo Fogo Hospitalização [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Queimaduras/etiologia Estudos Cross-Over Feminino Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Quebeque/epidemiologia Fatores de Risco Estações do Ano Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171120 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171120 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170710 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28329929 [Au] Autor: Li YH; Luo SQ; Lan L; Jin MG; Yang C; He JY; Li HB; Li CC; Cheng YB; Jin YL [Ad] Endereço: Division of Policy, Regulation and Standard, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China. [Ti] Título: [Influence of extreme weather on years of life lost due to diabetes death in Chongqing and Harbin, China]. [So] Source: Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi;38(3):303-308, 2017 Mar 10. [Is] ISSN: 0254-6450 [Cp] País de publicação: China [La] Idioma: chi [Ab] Resumo: To understand the associations between extremely low and high air temperature and the years of life lost (YLL) due to diabetes deaths in Chongqing and Harbin with different climatic characteristics in China. A double threshold B-spline distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to investigate the lag and cumulative effects of extremely low and high air temperature on YLL due to diabetes for lag 0-30 days by using the urban meteorological and diabetes mortality data of Chongqing (2011-2013) and Harbin (2008-2010). The effects were expressed as relative risk ( ). In Chongqing, the cold effects on YLL due to diabetes were delayed by four days and lasted for three days (lag4-6) with the highest of 1.304 (95 :1.033-1.647) at lag5. The hot effects were delayed by one day (lag1) with of 1.321 (95 :1.061-1.646). In Harbin, the extreme cold effects on YLL were delayed by four days and lasted for seven days (lag4-10) with the highest of 1.309 (95 : 1.088-1.575) at lag6. The hot effects were delayed by one day and lasted for four days (lag1-4) with the highest of 1.460 (95 :1.114-1.915) at lag2. The unit risk for cold and hot effects was 43.7% ( =0.005 5) and 18.0% ( =0.000 2) in Chongqing and 15.0% ( =0.000 8) and 29.5% ( =0.001 2) in Harbin, respectively. Both extremely low air temperature and extremely high air temperature might increase the years of life lost due to diabetes in cities with different climate characteristics. Health education about diabetes prevention should provide information about the effects of extreme weather events. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Temperatura Baixa Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidade Temperatura Alta Expectativa de Vida/tendências Mortalidade/tendências Tempo (Meteorologia) [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: China/epidemiologia Cidades Mudança Climática Temperatura Baixa/efeitos adversos Frio Extremo Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos Seres Humanos Dinâmica não Linear Fatores de Risco População Urbana [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170904 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170904 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170323 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.03.006

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[PMID]: 27832122 [Au] Autor: Vigoder FM; Parker DJ; Cook N; Tournière O; Sneddon T; Ritchie MG [Ad] Endereço: Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom. [Ti] Título: Inducing Cold-Sensitivity in the Frigophilic Fly Drosophila montana by RNAi. [So] Source: PLoS One;11(11):e0165724, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Cold acclimation is a critical physiological adaptation for coping with seasonal cold. By increasing their cold tolerance individuals can remain active for longer at the onset of winter and can recover more quickly from a cold shock. In insects, despite many physiological studies, little is known about the genetic basis of cold acclimation. Recently, transcriptomic analyses in Drosophila virilis and D. montana revealed candidate genes for cold acclimation by identifying genes upregulated during exposure to cold. Here, we test the role of myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (Inos), in cold tolerance in D. montana using an RNAi approach. D. montana has a circumpolar distribution and overwinters as an adult in northern latitudes with extreme cold. We assessed cold tolerance of dsRNA knock-down flies using two metrics: chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) and mortality rate after cold acclimation. Injection of dsRNAInos did not alter CCRT, either overall or in interaction with the cold treatment, however it did induced cold-specific mortality, with high levels of mortality observed in injected flies acclimated at 5°C but not at 19°C. Overall, injection with dsRNAInos induced a temperature-sensitive mortality rate of over 60% in this normally cold-tolerant species. qPCR analysis confirmed that dsRNA injection successfully reduced gene expression of Inos. Thus, our results demonstrate the involvement of Inos in increasing cold tolerance in D. montana. The potential mechanisms involved by which Inos increases cold tolerance are also discussed. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Aclimatação Drosophila/genética Drosophila/fisiologia Mio-Inositol-1-Fosfato Sintase/genética [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Temperatura Baixa Frio Extremo Feminino Perfilação da Expressão Gênica Regulação da Expressão Gênica Interferência de RNA [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: EC 5.5.1.4 (Myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate Synthase) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1706 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170622 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170622 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161111 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165724

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[PMID]: 27339968 [Au] Autor: Stott P [Ad] Endereço: Met Office Hadley Centre, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK. Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK. peter.stott@metoffice.gov.uk. [Ti] Título: CLIMATE CHANGE. How climate change affects extreme weather events. [So] Source: Science;352(6293):1517-8, 2016 Jun 24. [Is] ISSN: 1095-9203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Mudança Climática Secas [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Frio Extremo Calor Extremo Atividades Humanas Seres Humanos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1607 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 160624 [Lr] Data última revisão: 160624 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160625 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf7271

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[PMID]: 27236362 [Au] Autor: Cox B; Gasparrini A; Catry B; Delcloo A; Bijnens E; Vangronsveld J; Nawrot TS [Ad] Endereço: Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Ti] Título: Mortality related to cold and heat. What do we learn from dairy cattle? [So] Source: Environ Res;149:231-238, 2016 08. [Is] ISSN: 1096-0953 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Extreme temperatures are associated with increased mortality among humans. Because similar epidemiologic studies in animals may add to the existing evidence, we investigated the association between ambient temperature and the risk of mortality among dairy cattle. We used data on 87,108 dairy cow deaths in Belgium from 2006 to 2009, and we combined a case-crossover design with distributed lag non-linear models. Province-specific results were combined in a multivariate meta-analysis. Relative to the estimated minimum mortality temperature of 15.4°C (75th percentile), the pooled cumulative relative risks over lag 0-25 days were 1.26 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.42) for extreme cold (1st percentile, -3.5°C), 1.35 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.54) for moderate cold (5th percentile, -0.3°C), 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.17) for moderate heat (95th percentile, 19.7°C), and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.08; 1.48) for extreme heat (99th percentile, 22.6°C). The temporal pattern of the temperature-mortality association was similar to that observed in humans, i.e. acute effects of heat and delayed and prolonged effects of cold. Seasonal analyses suggested that most of the temperature-related mortality, including cold effects, occurred in the warm season. Our study reinforces the evidence on the plausibility of causal effects in humans. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Bovinos/fisiologia Temperatura Baixa/efeitos adversos Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Bélgica Estudos Cross-Over Indústria de Laticínios Frio Extremo/efeitos adversos Calor Extremo/efeitos adversos Feminino Seres Humanos Análise Multivariada Dinâmica não Linear Estações do Ano [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1704 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171119 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171119 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160530 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27126981 [Au] Autor: Buckley LB; Huey RB [Ad] Endereço: Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 981951800, USA lbuckley@uw.edu. [Ti] Título: How Extreme Temperatures Impact Organisms and the Evolution of their Thermal Tolerance. [So] Source: Integr Comp Biol;56(1):98-109, 2016 07. [Is] ISSN: 1557-7023 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: SynopsisUnderstanding the biological impacts of extreme temperatures requires translating meteorological estimates into organismal responses, but that translation is complex. In general, the physiological stress induced by a given thermal extreme should increase with the extreme's magnitude and duration, though acclimation may buffer that stress. However, organisms can differ strikingly in their exposure to and tolerance of a given extreme temperatures. Moreover, their sensitivity to extremes can vary during ontogeny, across seasons, and among species; and that sensitivity and its variation should be subject to selection. We use a simple quantitative genetic model and demonstrate that thermal extremes-even when at low frequency-can substantially influence the evolution of thermal sensitivity, particularly when the extremes cause mortality or persistent physiological injury, or when organisms are unable to use behavior to buffer exposure to extremes. Thermal extremes can drive organisms in temperate and tropical sites to have similar thermal tolerances despite major differences in mean temperatures. Indeed, the model correctly predicts that Australian Drosophila should have shallower latitudinal gradients in thermal tolerance than would be expected based only on gradients in mean conditions. Predicting responses to climate change requires understanding not only how past selection to tolerate thermal extremes has helped establish existing geographic gradients in thermal tolerances, but also how increasing the incidence of thermal extremes will alter geographic gradients in the future. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Evolução Biológica Frio Extremo Calor Extremo Termotolerância [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Invertebrados/fisiologia Modelos Genéticos Fenômenos Fisiológicos Vegetais Vertebrados/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S. [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171125 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171125 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160430 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw004

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[PMID]: 26951699 [Au] Autor: Renzi M; Stafoggia M; Faustini A; Cesaroni G; Agabiti N; Forastiere F [Ad] Endereço: Dipartimento di epidemiologia, Sistema sanitario regionale del Lazio, Roma. [Ti] Título: [Health effects of air pollution in Rome in December 2015]. [Ti] Título: Inquinamento atmosferico ed effetti sulla salute a Roma nel mese di dicembre 2015.. [So] Source: Epidemiol Prev;40(1):29-32, 2016 Jan-Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1120-9763 [Cp] País de publicação: Italy [La] Idioma: ita [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: in December 2015 Rome has been interested by a peculiar meteorological situation, with atmospheric stability, no rain and little wind. These factors, coupled with the high pollutant emissions typical of the winter pre-Christmas period (increased use of private cars and domestic heating), caused extreme peaks in air pollution concentrations persisting several weeks. OBJECTIVES: describing daily trends in PM10 over two months, November and December 2015, and their impact on the health of the population of Rome. DESIGN: we analysed PM10 time series in Rome for November and December 2015. We estimated the association between daily PM10 concentrations and daily counts of deaths for natural and cardiorespiratory causes, and urgent hospitalizations/emergency-room visits for cardiorespiratory diseases, by use of Poisson regression models adjusted for time trends, influenza epidemics, and meteorology. These risk estimates have been used to quantify attributable deaths/admissions/visits due to exceedances of daily PM10 concentrations above EU-defined limit values in Rome for the period 29 November-30 December 2015. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Rome, November and December 2015; population resident in Rome and deceased or hospitalized/ admitted to emergency rooms in hospitals within the city. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: daily mortality for natural (0+ years), respiratory (0+) or cardiac (35+) causes; urgent (non-scheduled) hospitalizations or admissions to emergency room visits for respiratory (0+) or cardiac (35+) diseases. RESULTS: in December 2015, only three days (10th, 11th, and 26th December) had PM10 concentrations below the EU-limit value of 50 µg/m3. Over the 31 days under analysis (from 29 November to 29 December) we estimated 26 natural deaths attributable to PM10 concentrations above 50 µg/m3. Similarly, we estimated 20 and 30 attributable cases of cardiorespiratory hospitalizations and admissions to emergency room visits, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: monitoring and control of anthropogenic emissions are mandatory in order to minimize the adverse health effects of air pollution, especially during air pollution peaks. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia Monitoramento Ambiental Frio Extremo/efeitos adversos Material Particulado/efeitos adversos Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia Estações do Ano [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade Criança Pré-Escolar Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos Seres Humanos Lactente Recém-Nascido Meia-Idade Dióxido de Nitrogênio/análise Ozônio/análise Material Particulado/análise Doenças Respiratórias/mortalidade Estudos Retrospectivos Fatores de Risco Cidade de Roma/epidemiologia Fatores de Tempo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 66H7ZZK23N (Ozone); S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dioxide) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1709 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170906 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170906 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160309 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.19191/EP16.1.P029.011

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[PMID]: 26917542 [Au] Autor: Pilloud MA; Megyesi MS; Truffer M; Congram D [Ad] Endereço: Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno. Electronic address: mpilloud@unr.edu. [Ti] Título: The taphonomy of human remains in a glacial environment. [So] Source: Forensic Sci Int;261:161.e1-8, 2016 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 1872-6283 [Cp] País de publicação: Ireland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: A glacial environment is a unique setting that can alter human remains in characteristic ways. This study describes glacial dynamics and how glaciers can be understood as taphonomic agents. Using a case study of human remains recovered from Colony Glacier, Alaska, a glacial taphonomic signature is outlined that includes: (1) movement of remains, (2) dispersal of remains, (3) altered bone margins, (4) splitting of skeletal elements, and (5) extensive soft tissue preservation and adipocere formation. As global glacier area is declining in the current climate, there is the potential for more materials of archaeological and medicolegal significance to be exposed. It is therefore important for the forensic anthropologist to have an idea of the taphonomy in this setting and to be able to differentiate glacial effects from other taphonomic agents. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Restos Mortais Frio Extremo Camada de Gelo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Acidentes Aeronáuticos Alaska Osso e Ossos/patologia Antropologia Forense Seres Humanos Mudanças Depois da Morte [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1701 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170111 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170111 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160227 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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