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[PMID]: 29388757 [Au] Autor: Jalal S; Khan NU; Younis MZ [Ti] Título: Effect of GNI on Infant Mortality Rate in Low Income, Lower Middle Income, Upper Middle Income and High Income Countries. [So] Source: J Health Hum Serv Adm;39(2):159-85, 2016. [Is] ISSN: 1079-3739 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Global disparities in health form a complex issue adversely affecting much of the world's population. What has been found is that national income and other general socio-economic factors are strong determinants of population health (Houweling, 2005 & Schell, 2007). In countries where resources are less, people are much less healthy than people living in rich countries. In wealthier countries that have made immense progress in health indicators, the resulting change in age structure and morbidity and mortality patterns portends even greater financial demands on the health sector. This study noted the trends in several health indicators versus economic indicators and related it to low income, lower middle income, upper middle income and high income countries. We noted that there is improvement in all health indicators along with an increasing GNI per Capita and GDP. In low income regions though, the rate of improvement is slower as opposed to high income countries. However, there is progress, which is leading to an increase in aging population. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Saúde Global Produto Interno Bruto Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde Renda/estatística & dados numéricos Mortalidade Infantil/tendências [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Países Desenvolvidos/economia Países em Desenvolvimento/economia Indicadores Básicos de Saúde Seres Humanos Lactente Recém-Nascido Expectativa de Vida [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180227 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180227 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: H [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180202 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28452033 [Au] Autor: Amri F [Ad] Endereço: University of Chartage, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Nabeul, Street Hammamet, Mrezgua, 8000, Nabeul, Tunisia. fethiamri.fsegn@gmail.com. [Ti] Título: Carbon dioxide emissions, output, and energy consumption categories in Algeria. [So] Source: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int;24(17):14567-14578, 2017 Jun. [Is] ISSN: 1614-7499 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: This study examines the relation between CO emissions, income, non-renewable, and renewable energy consumption in Algeria during the period extending from 1980 to 2011. Our work gives particular attention to the validity of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) with break point method outcome demonstrates the positive effect of non-renewable type of energy on CO emissions consumption. On the contrary, the results reveal an insignificant effect of renewable energy on environment improvement. Moreover, the results accept the existence of EKC hypothesis but the highest gross domestic product value in logarithm scale of our data is inferior to the estimated turning point. Consequently, policy-makers in Algeria should expand the ratio of renewable energy and should decrease the quota of non-renewable energy consumption. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Dióxido de Carbono/análise Produto Interno Bruto Energia Renovável [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Argélia Meio Ambiente [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171215 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171215 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8984-7

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[PMID]: 28450413 [Au] Autor: Iacobucci G [Ad] Endereço: The BMJ. [Ti] Título: UK spent 9.9% of GDP on healthcare last year, official figures show. [So] Source: BMJ;357:j2080, 2017 04 27. [Is] ISSN: 1756-1833 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Assistência à Saúde/economia Produto Interno Bruto/estatística & dados numéricos Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos Medicina Estatal/economia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Gastos em Saúde/tendências Financiamento da Assistência à Saúde Seres Humanos Reino Unido [Pt] Tipo de publicação: NEWS [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171128 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171128 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j2080

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[PMID]: 28886187 [Au] Autor: Kimball HL; Selmants PC; Moreno A; Running SW; Giardina CP [Ad] Endereço: College of Arts and Sciences, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America. [Ti] Título: Evaluating the role of land cover and climate uncertainties in computing gross primary production in Hawaiian Island ecosystems. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(9):e0184466, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Gross primary production (GPP) is the Earth's largest carbon flux into the terrestrial biosphere and plays a critical role in regulating atmospheric chemistry and global climate. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS)-MOD17 data product is a widely used remote sensing-based model that provides global estimates of spatiotemporal trends in GPP. When the MOD17 algorithm is applied to regional scale heterogeneous landscapes, input data from coarse resolution land cover and climate products may increase uncertainty in GPP estimates, especially in high productivity tropical ecosystems. We examined the influence of using locally specific land cover and high-resolution local climate input data on MOD17 estimates of GPP for the State of Hawaii, a heterogeneous and discontinuous tropical landscape. Replacing the global land cover data input product (MOD12Q1) with Hawaii-specific land cover data reduced statewide GPP estimates by ~8%, primarily because the Hawaii-specific land cover map had less vegetated land area compared to the global land cover product. Replacing coarse resolution GMAO climate data with Hawaii-specific high-resolution climate data also reduced statewide GPP estimates by ~8% because of the higher spatial variability of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the Hawaii-specific climate data. The combined use of both Hawaii-specific land cover and high-resolution Hawaii climate data inputs reduced statewide GPP by ~16%, suggesting equal and independent influence on MOD17 GPP estimates. Our sensitivity analyses within a heterogeneous tropical landscape suggest that refined global land cover and climate data sets may contribute to an enhanced MOD17 product at a variety of spatial scales. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Clima Ecossistema Produto Interno Bruto [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Algoritmos Hawaii Ilhas Modelos Teóricos Análise Espacial [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171018 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171018 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170909 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184466

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[PMID]: 28877204 [Au] Autor: Ustaoglu E; Lavalle C [Ad] Endereço: Institute for Environment and Sustainability, European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Sustainability Assessment Unit, Ispra, Italy. [Ti] Título: Examining lag effects between industrial land development and regional economic changes: The Netherlands experience. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(9):e0183285, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In most empirical applications, forecasting models for the analysis of industrial land focus on the relationship between current values of economic parameters and industrial land use. This paper aims to test this assumption by focusing on the dynamic relationship between current and lagged values of the 'economic fundamentals' and industrial land development. Not much effort has yet been attributed to develop land forecasting models to predict the demand for industrial land except those applying static regressions or other statistical measures. In this research, we estimated a dynamic panel data model across 40 regions from 2000 to 2008 for the Netherlands to uncover the relationship between current and lagged values of economic parameters and industrial land development. Land-use regulations such as land zoning policies, and other land-use restrictions like natural protection areas, geographical limitations in the form of water bodies or sludge areas are expected to affect supply of land, which will in turn be reflected in industrial land market outcomes. Our results suggest that gross domestic product (GDP), industrial employment, gross value added (GVA), property price, and other parameters representing demand and supply conditions in the industrial market explain industrial land developments with high significance levels. It is also shown that contrary to the current values, lagged values of the economic parameters have more sound relationships with the industrial developments in the Netherlands. The findings suggest use of lags between selected economic parameters and industrial land use in land forecasting applications. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Indústrias/economia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Emprego Geografia Produto Interno Bruto Países Baixos Análise de Regressão Estatística como Assunto [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171016 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171016 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170907 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183285

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[PMID]: 28809931 [Au] Autor: Morgan SG; Yau B; Lumpkin MM [Ad] Endereço: School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. [Ti] Título: The cost of entry: An analysis of pharmaceutical registration fees in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(8):e0182742, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Advances in pharmaceuticals offer improved health outcomes for a wide range of illnesses, yet medicines are often inaccessible for many patients worldwide. One potential barrier to making medicines available to all is the cost of product registration, the fees for regulatory review and licensing for the sale of medicines beyond the cost of clinical trials, if needed. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of pharmaceutical registration fees in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. We collected data on market authorization fees for new chemical entities and for generic drugs in 95 countries. We calculated measures of registration fee size relative to population, gross domestic product (GDP), and total health spending in each country. Each of the 95 countries had a fee for registering new chemical entities. On average, the ratio of registration fees to GDP was highest in Europe and North America and lowest in South and Central America. Across individual countries, the level of registration fees was positively correlated with GDP and total health spending, with relatively few outliers. DISCUSSION: We find that, generally speaking, the regulatory fees charged by medicines regulatory authorities are roughly proportional to the market size in their jurisdictions. The data therefore do not support the hypothesis that regulatory fees are a barrier to market entry in most countries. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Honorários Farmacêuticos/estatística & dados numéricos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Estudos Transversais Países Desenvolvidos/estatística & dados numéricos Países em Desenvolvimento/estatística & dados numéricos Custos de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos Honorários Farmacêuticos/normas Produto Interno Bruto/estatística & dados numéricos Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos Seres Humanos Fatores Socioeconômicos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171011 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171011 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170816 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182742

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[PMID]: 28728174 [Au] Autor: Wang W; Yan W; Müller A; He M [Ad] Endereço: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. [Ti] Título: A Global View on Output and Outcomes of Cataract Surgery With National Indices of Socioeconomic Development. [So] Source: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci;58(9):3669-3676, 2017 Jul 01. [Is] ISSN: 1552-5783 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Purpose: Cataract blindness accounts for a substantial proportion of blindness worldwide. Understanding the correlations between national levels of socioeconomic development with the quantity and quality of cataract surgery may provide insight for the prioritization and resource allocation for blindness prevention programs. Methods: The relationships between human development index (HDI), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and cataract surgical coverage (CSC) and visual outcome of cataract surgery were examined in a multinational study utilizing secondary data from the repository for Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB), World Health Organization, Global Burden of Disease, United Nations, and the World Bank. Results: A total of 266 RAAB studies across 73 countries/territories were retrieved. Linear regression model results revealed strong associations of HDI with prevalence of cataract blindness (ß = -7.056, P < 0.001), CSC (ß = 60.808, P = 0.004), proportion of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (ß = 87.040, P = 0.001), and proportion of cases with good vision outcomes among operated eyes (ß = 73.351, P < 0.001) in studies performed between 1995 and 2009. Similar associations were observed for studies performed between 2010 and 2015. In addition, countries with lower GDP per capita showed a higher rate of cataract blindness (ß = -0.527, P = 0.001), lower CSC (ß = 9.800, P < 0.001), lower percentage of IOL implantation (ß = 6.871, P = 0.001), and fewer patients with good vision outcomes after surgery (ß = 7.959, P < 0.001). After controlling survey year, country, and other factors, GDP per capita and HDI were also found to be significantly associated with CSC and visual outcomes after cataract surgery (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: We documented the strong associations of socioeconomic indices with quantity and quality of cataract surgery. These socioeconomic indicators should be considered as important factors for developing strategies aimed to improve worldwide cataract surgery service delivery. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Cegueira/epidemiologia Extração de Catarata/estatística & dados numéricos Catarata/epidemiologia Assistência à Saúde Saúde Global/estatística & dados numéricos Avaliação de Resultados (Cuidados de Saúde)/estatística & dados numéricos Fatores Socioeconômicos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Idoso Cegueira/fisiopatologia Catarata/fisiopatologia Assistência à Saúde/economia Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos Feminino Produto Interno Bruto Desenvolvimento Humano Seres Humanos Renda Masculino Meia-Idade Avaliação de Resultados (Cuidados de Saúde)/economia Acuidade Visual/fisiologia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1707 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170728 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170728 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170721 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21489

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[PMID]: 28624630 [Au] Autor: Chaabouni S; Saidi K [Ad] Endereço: Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax, University of Sfax, Street of Airport, km 4.5, LP 1088, Sfax 3018, Tunisia. Electronic address: ch.sami6@gmail.com. [Ti] Título: The dynamic links between carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions, health spending and GDP growth: A case study for 51 countries. [So] Source: Environ Res;158:137-144, 2017 10. [Is] ISSN: 1096-0953 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: This document investigated the causal relationship between carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions, health spending and GDP growth for 51 countries (divided into three groups of countries: low-income countries; group of countries with lower and upper middle income; group of middle income countries) covering the annual period 1995-2013. Dynamic simultaneous-equations models and generalized method of moments (GMM) are used to investigate this relationship. The main results provide evidence of a causal relationship between the three variables. The empirical results show that there is a bidirectional causality between CO emissions and GDP per capita, between health spending and economic growth for the three groups of estimates. The results also indicate that there is a unidirectional causality from CO emissions to health spending, except low income group countries. We found that health plays an important role in GDP per capita; it limits its effect on a growing deterioration in the quality of the environment. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise Dióxido de Carbono/análise Produto Interno Bruto/estatística & dados numéricos Gastos em Saúde [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Saúde Global [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Air Pollutants); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1708 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171120 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171120 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170619 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28593983 [Au] Autor: Goldthau A [Ad] Endereço: Centre of International Public Policy, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK; an associate at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA; and provides scientific support to the German G20 presidency. [Ti] Título: The G20 must govern the shift to low-carbon energy. [So] Source: Nature;546(7657):203-205, 2017 06 07. [Is] ISSN: 1476-4687 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Ciclo do Carbono Política Ambiental/economia Política Ambiental/legislação & jurisprudência Combustíveis Fósseis/provisão & distribuição Aquecimento Global/prevenção & controle Cooperação Internacional Energia Renovável/legislação & jurisprudência [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Combustíveis Fósseis/economia Aquecimento Global/economia Aquecimento Global/legislação & jurisprudência Produto Interno Bruto Energia Renovável/economia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Nm] Nome de substância: 0 (Fossil Fuels) [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171010 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171010 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170609 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1038/546203a

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[PMID]: 28490327 [Au] Autor: Ward JL; Viner RM [Ad] Endereço: UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. [Ti] Título: The impact of income inequality and national wealth on child and adolescent mortality in low and middle-income countries. [So] Source: BMC Public Health;17(1):429, 2017 May 11. [Is] ISSN: 1471-2458 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: BACKGROUND: Income inequality and national wealth are strong determinants for health, but few studies have systematically investigated their influence on mortality across the early life-course, particularly outside the high-income world. METHODS: We performed cross-sectional regression analyses of the relationship between income inequality (national Gini coefficient) and national wealth (Gross Domestic Product (GDP) averaged over previous decade), and all-cause and grouped cause national mortality rate amongst infants, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19 and 20-24 year olds in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) in 2012. Gini models were adjusted for GDP. RESULTS: Data were available for 103 (79%) countries. Gini was positively associated with increased all-cause and communicable disease mortality in both sexes across all age groups, after adjusting for national wealth. Gini was only positively associated with increased injury mortality amongst infants and 20-24 year olds, and increased non-communicable disease mortality amongst 20-24 year old females. The strength of these associations tended to increase during adolescence. Increasing GDP was negatively associated with all-cause, communicable and non-communicable disease mortality in males and females across all age groups. GDP was also associated with decreased injury mortality in all age groups except 15-19 year old females, and 15-24 year old males. GDP became a weaker predictor of mortality during adolescence. CONCLUSION: Policies to reduce income inequality, rather than prioritising economic growth at all costs, may be needed to improve adolescent mortality in low and middle-income countries, a key development priority. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Saúde do Adolescente/estatística & dados numéricos Mortalidade da Criança Produto Interno Bruto/estatística & dados numéricos Renda/estatística & dados numéricos Mortalidade Infantil Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos Fatores Socioeconômicos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Criança Pré-Escolar Estudos Transversais Feminino Seres Humanos Lactente Recém-Nascido Masculino [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1710 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171010 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171010 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170512 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4310-z

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