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[PMID]: 29447192 [Au] Autor: Abbasi A; Sadeghi-Niaraki A; Jalili M; Choi SM [Ad] Endereço: School of Engineering and IT, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Ti] Título: Enhancing response coordination through the assessment of response network structural dynamics. [So] Source: PLoS One;13(2):e0191130, 2018. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Preparing for intensifying threats of emergencies in unexpected, dangerous, and serious natural or man-made events, and consequent management of the situation, is highly demanding in terms of coordinating the personnel and resources to support human lives and the environment. This necessitates prompt action to manage the uncertainties and risks imposed by such extreme events, which requires collaborative operation among different stakeholders (i.e., the personnel from both the state and local communities). This research aims to find a way to enhance the coordination of multi-organizational response operations. To do so, this manuscript investigates the role of participants in the formed coordination response network and also the emergence and temporal dynamics of the network. By analyzing an inter-personal response coordination operation to an extreme bushfire event, the networks' and participants' structural change is evaluated during the evolution of the operation network over four time durations. The results reveal that the coordination response network becomes more decentralized over time due to the high volume of communication required to exchange information. New emerging communication structures often do not fit the developed plans, which stress the need for coordination by feedback in addition to by plan. In addition, we find that the participant's brokering role in the response operation network identifies a formal and informal coordination role. This is useful for comparison of network structures to examine whether what really happens during response operations complies with the initial policy. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Administração de Recursos Humanos/métodos Alocação de Recursos/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Austrália Comunicação Socorristas Bombeiros Seres Humanos Organizações/organização & administração Incêndios Florestais [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180309 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180309 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180216 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191130

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[PMID]: 29220115 [Au] Autor: Anderson SJ; Ghys PD; Ombam R; Hallett TB [Ad] Endereço: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK. [Ti] Título: HIV prevention where it is needed most: comparison of strategies for the geographical allocation of interventions. [So] Source: J Int AIDS Soc;20(4), 2017 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1758-2652 [Cp] País de publicação: Switzerland [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: INTRODUCTION: A strategic approach to the application of HIV prevention interventions is a core component of the UNAIDS Fast Track strategy to end the HIV epidemic by 2030. Central to these plans is a focus on high-prevalence geographies, in a bid to target resources to those in greatest need and maximize the reduction in new infections. Whilst this idea of geographical prioritization has the potential to improve efficiency, it is unclear how it should be implemented in practice. There are a range of prevention interventions which can be applied differentially across risk groups and locations, making allocation decisions complex. Here, we use mathematical modelling to compare the impact (infections averted) of a number of different approaches to the implementation of geographical prioritization of prevention interventions, similar to those emerging in policy and practice, across a range of prevention budgets. METHODS: We use geographically specific mathematical models of the epidemic and response in 48 counties and major cities of Kenya to project the impact of the different geographical prioritization approaches. We compare the geographical allocation strategies with a nationally uniform approach under which the same interventions must be applied across all modelled locations. RESULTS: We find that the most extreme geographical prioritization strategy, which focuses resources exclusively to high-prevalence locations, may substantially restrict impact (41% fewer infections averted) compared to a nationally uniform approach, as opportunities for highly effective interventions for high-risk populations in lower-prevalence areas are missed. Other geographical allocation approaches, which intensify efforts in higher-prevalence areas whilst maintaining a minimum package of cost-effective interventions everywhere, consistently improve impact at all budget levels. Such strategies balance the need for greater investment in locations with the largest epidemics whilst ensuring higher-risk groups in lower-priority locations are provided with cost-effective interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings serve as a warning to not be too selective in the application of prevention strategies. Further research is needed to understand how decision-makers can find the right balance between the choice of interventions, focus on high-risk populations, and geographical targeting to ensure the greatest impact of HIV prevention. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle Alocação de Recursos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Análise Custo-Benefício Epidemias Política de Saúde Recursos em Saúde Seres Humanos Quênia Modelos Biológicos Prevalência Fatores de Risco [Pt] Tipo de publicação: COMPARATIVE STUDY; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1803 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180307 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180307 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM; X [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171209 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25020

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[PMID]: 29397917 [Au] Autor: Lejeune C; Lueza B; Bonastre J; le French costing group [Ad] Endereço: Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté-Inserm CIC1432, module épidémiologie clinique, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre hospitalier universitaire, centre d'investigation clinique, module épidémiologie clinique/essais cliniques, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, BP 87900, 21000 Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne et Franche-Comté, EPICAD LNC-UMR1231, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, BP 87900, 21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: catherine.lejeune@u-bourgogne.fr. [Ti] Título: [Economic analysis of multinational clinical trials in oncology]. [Ti] Título: Analyse économique des essais cliniques internationaux en cancérologie.. [So] Source: Bull Cancer;105(2):204-211, 2018 Feb. [Is] ISSN: 1769-6917 [Cp] País de publicação: France [La] Idioma: fre [Ab] Resumo: In oncology, as in other fields of medicine, international multicentre clinical trials came into being so as to include a sufficient number of subjects to investigate a clinical situation. The existence of tight budgetary constraints and the desire to make the best use of the resources available have resulted in the development of economic evaluations associated with these trials, which, thanks to their level of evidence and their size, provide particularly relevant material. Nonetheless, economic evaluations alongside international clinical trials raise specific questions of methodology with regard to both the design and the analysis of the results. Indeed, the costs of goods and services consumed, the types and quantities of resources, and medical practices vary from one country to another and within an individual country. Economic data from the different countries involved must be available so as to study and to take into account this variability, and appropriate techniques for cost estimations and analysis must be implemented to aggregate the results from several countries. From a review of the literature, the aim of this work was to provide an overview of the specific methodological features of economic evaluations alongside international clinical trials: analysis of efficacy data from several countries, collection of resources and real costs, methods to establish the monetary value of resources, methods to aggregate results accounting for the trial effect. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/economia Internacionalidade Oncologia/economia Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto/economia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Análise Custo-Benefício Seres Humanos Alocação de Recursos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1802 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180228 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180228 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 180206 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 27775392 [Au] Autor: Gharouni A; Wang L [Ad] Endereço: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada. email: a.gharouni@unb.ca. [Ti] Título: Modeling the spread of bed bug infestation and optimal resource allocation for disinfestation. [So] Source: Math Biosci Eng;13(5):969-980, 2016 10 01. [Is] ISSN: 1551-0018 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: A patch-structured multigroup-like $SIS$ epidemiological model is proposed to study the spread of the common bed bug infestation. It is shown that the model exhibits global threshold dynamics with the basic reproduction number as the threshold parameter. Costs associated with the disinfestation process are incorporated into setting up the optimization problems. Procedures are proposed and simulated for finding optimal resource allocation strategies to achieve the infestation free state. Our analysis and simulations provide useful insights on how to efficiently distribute the available exterminators among the infested patches for optimal disinfestation management. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Percevejos-de-Cama Controle de Insetos/estatística & dados numéricos Modelos Teóricos Alocação de Recursos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Animais Simulação por Computador Controle de Insetos/economia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1712 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180228 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180228 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 161025 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2016025

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[PMID]: 29240792 [Au] Autor: Zhang W; Yan X; Yang J [Ad] Endereço: Intelligent Transportation System Research Center (ITSC), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China. [Ti] Título: Optimized maritime emergency resource allocation under dynamic demand. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(12):e0189411, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Emergency resource is important for people evacuation and property rescue when accident occurs. The relief efforts could be promoted by a reasonable emergency resource allocation schedule in advance. As the marine environment is complicated and changeful, the place, type, severity of maritime accident is uncertain and stochastic, bringing about dynamic demand of emergency resource. Considering dynamic demand, how to make a reasonable emergency resource allocation schedule is challenging. The key problem is to determine the optimal stock of emergency resource for supplier centers to improve relief efforts. This paper studies the dynamic demand, and which is defined as a set. Then a maritime emergency resource allocation model with uncertain data is presented. Afterwards, a robust approach is developed and used to make sure that the resource allocation schedule performs well with dynamic demand. Finally, a case study shows that the proposed methodology is feasible in maritime emergency resource allocation. The findings could help emergency manager to schedule the emergency resource allocation more flexibly in terms of dynamic demand. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Emergências Alocação de Recursos/métodos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Trabalho de Resgate Água do Mar Incerteza [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171215 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189411

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[PMID]: 29186171 [Au] Autor: Wang Y; Liu X; Chen Y [Ad] Endereço: Transportation Management College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China. [Ti] Título: Analyzing cross-college course enrollments via contextual graph mining. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(11):e0188577, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The ability to predict what courses a student may enroll in the coming semester plays a pivotal role in the allocation of learning resources, which is a hot topic in the domain of educational data mining. In this study, we propose an innovative approach to characterize students' cross-college course enrollments by leveraging a novel contextual graph. Specifically, different kinds of variables, such as students, courses, colleges and diplomas, as well as various types of variable relations, are utilized to depict the context of each variable, and then a representation learning algorithm node2vec is applied to extracting sophisticated graph-based features for the enrollment analysis. In this manner, the relations between any pair of variables can be measured quantitatively, which enables the variable type to transform from nominal to ratio. These graph-based features are examined by the random forest algorithm, and experiments on 24,663 students, 1,674 courses and 417,590 enrollment records demonstrate that the contextual graph can successfully improve analyzing the cross-college course enrollments, where three of the graph-based features have significantly stronger impacts on prediction accuracy than the others. Besides, the empirical results also indicate that the student's course preference is the most important factor in predicting future course enrollments, which is consistent to the previous studies that acknowledge the course interest is a key point for course recommendations. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Currículo Universidades [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Algoritmos Seres Humanos Modelos Educacionais Alocação de Recursos Estudantes [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1801 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 180101 [Lr] Data última revisão: 180101 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171130 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188577

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[PMID]: 28457355 [Au] Autor: Vu DM; Jungkind D; Angelle Desiree LaBeaud [Ad] Endereço: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, G312, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: davidvu@stanford.edu. [Ti] Título: Chikungunya Virus. [So] Source: Clin Lab Med;37(2):371-382, 2017 Jun. [Is] ISSN: 1557-9832 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: For chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the long-term sequelae from infection are yet ill-defined. The prolonged debilitating arthralgia associated with CHIKV infection has tremendous potential for impacting the global economy and should be considered when evaluating the human burden of disease and the allocation of resources. There is much still unknown about CHIKV and the illnesses that it causes. Developing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CHIKV infection is a priority and forms the basis for developing effective strategies at infection prevention and disease control. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Febre de Chikungunya Vírus Chikungunya [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Artralgia/etiologia Febre de Chikungunya/complicações Febre de Chikungunya/economia Febre de Chikungunya/prevenção & controle Seres Humanos Alocação de Recursos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171128 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171128 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170502 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 28450314 [Au] Autor: Kmietowicz Z [Ad] Endereço: The BMJ. [Ti] Título: Better Care Fund no more than a "ruse" to cover up funding pressures, say MPs. [So] Source: BMJ;357:j2086, 2017 04 27. [Is] ISSN: 1756-1833 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Orçamentos/métodos Administração Financeira/legislação & jurisprudência Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde/economia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Saúde Global/economia Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência Financiamento da Assistência à Saúde Seres Humanos Alocação de Recursos/economia [Pt] Tipo de publicação: NEWS [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171128 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171128 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: AIM; IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170429 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j2086

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[PMID]: 29049399 [Au] Autor: Danko MJ; Burger O; Kozlowski J [Ad] Endereço: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. [Ti] Título: Density-dependence interacts with extrinsic mortality in shaping life histories. [So] Source: PLoS One;12(10):e0186661, 2017. [Is] ISSN: 1932-6203 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The role of extrinsic mortality in shaping life histories is poorly understood. However, substantial evidence suggests that extrinsic mortality interacts with density-dependence in crucial ways. We develop a model combining Evolutionarily Stable Strategies with a projection matrix that allows resource allocation to growth, tissue repairs, and reproduction. Our model examines three cases, with density-dependence acting on: (i) mortality, (ii) fecundity, and (iii) production rate. We demonstrate that density-independent extrinsic mortality influences the rate of aging, age at maturity, growth rate, and adult size provided that density-dependence acts on fertility or juvenile mortality. However, density-independent extrinsic mortality has no effect on these life history traits when density-dependence acts on survival. We show that extrinsic mortality interacts with density-dependence via a compensation mechanism: the higher the extrinsic mortality the lower the strength of density-dependence. However, this compensation fully offsets the effect of extrinsic mortality only if density-dependence acts on survival independently of age. Both the age-pattern and the type of density-dependence are crucial for shaping life history traits. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Estágios do Ciclo de Vida Modelos Biológicos Mortalidade [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Alocação de Recursos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171109 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171109 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 171020 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186661

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[PMID]: 28832769 [Au] Autor: Seixas BV [Ad] Endereço: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. [Ti] Título: Welfarism and extra-welfarism: a critical overview. [So] Source: Cad Saude Publica;33(8):e00014317, 2017 Aug 21. [Is] ISSN: 1678-4464 [Cp] País de publicação: Brazil [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Rules and principles for guiding decision-making in the health care sector have been debated for decades. Here, we present a critical appraisal of the two most important paradigms in this respect: welfarism and extra-welfarism. While the former deals with the maximization of the overall sum of individual utilities as its primary outcome, the latter has been focusing on the maximization of the overall health status. We argue that welfarism has three main problems: (1) its central idea of overall sum of individual utilities does not capture societal values decisively relevant in the context of health; (2) the use of the Potential Pareto Improvement brings an unresolvable separation between efficiency and equity; and (3) individual utility may not be a good measure in the health sector, given that individuals might value things that diminish their overall health. In turn, the extra-welfarist approach is criticized regarding four main limitations: (1) the advocated expansion of the evaluative space, moving from utility to health, may have represented in reality a narrowing of it; (2) it operates using non-explicit considerations of equity; (3) it still holds the issue of "inability to desire" of unprivileged people being considered the best judges of weighing the criteria used to building the health measures; and (4) there is controversial empirical evidence about society members' values that support its assumptions. Overall, both paradigms show significant weaknesses, but the debate has still been within the realm of welfare economics, and even the new approaches to resource allocation in health care systems appear to be unable to escape from these boundaries. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Tomada de Decisões Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde Alocação de Recursos Seguridade Social/economia [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Brasil Assistência à Saúde Seres Humanos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1711 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171106 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171106 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 170824 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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