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[PMID]: 27292323 [Au] Autor: Pethes N [Ti] Título: Psychicones: Visual Traces of the Soul in Late Nineteenth-Century Fluidic Photography. [So] Source: Med Hist;60(3):325-41, 2016 Jul. [Is] ISSN: 2048-8343 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The article discusses attempts to visualise the soul on photographic plates at the end of the nineteenth century, as conducted by the French physician Hippolyte Baraduc in Paris. Although Baraduc refers to earlier experiments on fluidic photography in his book on The Human Soul (1896) and is usually mentioned as a precursor to parapsychological thought photography of the twentieth century, his work is presented as a genuine attempt at photographic soul-catching. Rather than producing mimetic representations of thoughts and imaginations, Baraduc claims to present the vital radiation of the psyche itself and therefore calls the images he produces psychicones. The article first discusses the difference between this method of soul photography and other kinds of occult media technologies of the time, emphasising the significance of its non-mimetic, abstract character: since the soul itself was considered an abstract entity, abstract traces seemed all the more convincing to the contemporary audience. Secondly, the article shows how the technological agency of photography allowed Baraduc's psychicones to be tied into related discourses in medicine and psychology. Insofar as the photographic plates displayed actual visual traces, Baraduc and his followers no longer considered hallucinations illusionary and pathological but emphasised the physical reality and normality of imagination. Yet, the greatest influence of soul photography was not on science but on art. As the third part of the paper argues, the abstract shapes on Baraduc's plates provided inspiration for contemporary avant-garde aesthetics, for example, Kandinsky's abstract paintings and the random streams of consciousness in surrealistic literature. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Literatura Moderna/história Ocultismo/história Parapsicologia/história Fotografia/história [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: França História do Século XIX Seres Humanos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: BIOGRAPHY; HISTORICAL ARTICLE; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Ps] Nome de pessoa como assunto: Baraduc H [Em] Mês de entrada: 1701 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 170113 [Lr] Data última revisão: 170113 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM; QIS [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 160614 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2016.26

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[PMID]: 25241025 [Au] Autor: Sommer A [Ad] Endereço: University of Cambridge, Churchill College & Department of History and Philosophy of Science, UK. Electronic address: as2399@cam.ac.uk. [Ti] Título: Psychical research in the history and philosophy of science. An introduction and review. [So] Source: Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci;48 Pt A:38-45, 2014 Dec. [Is] ISSN: 1879-2499 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: As a prelude to articles published in this special issue, I sketch changing historiographical conventions regarding the 'occult' in recent history of science and medicine scholarship. Next, a review of standard claims regarding psychical research and parapsychology in philosophical discussions of the demarcation problem reveals that these have tended to disregard basic primary sources and instead rely heavily on problematic popular accounts, simplistic notions of scientific practice, and outdated teleological historiographies of progress. I conclude by suggesting that rigorous and sensitively contextualized case studies of past elite heterodox scientists may be potentially useful to enrich historical and philosophical scholarship by highlighting epistemologies that have fallen through the crude meshes of triumphalist and postmodernist historiographical generalizations alike. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Historiografia Conhecimento Medicina Ocultismo Parapsicologia Filosofia Ciência [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Seres Humanos Publicações [Pt] Tipo de publicação: EDITORIAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1507 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 141202 [Lr] Data última revisão: 141202 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 140922 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 25183376 [Au] Autor: Taves A [Ti] Título: A tale of two congresses: the psychological study of psychical, occult, and religious phenomena, 1900-1909. [So] Source: J Hist Behav Sci;50(4):376-99, 2014. [Is] ISSN: 1520-6696 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In so far as researchers viewed psychical, occult, and religious phenomena as both objectively verifiable and resistant to extant scientific explanations, their study posed thorny issues for experimental psychologists. Controversies over the study of psychical and occult phenomena at the Fourth Congress of International Psychology (Paris, 1900) and religious phenomena at the Sixth (Geneva, 1909) raise the question of why the latter was accepted as a legitimate object of study, whereas the former was not. Comparison of the Congresses suggests that those interested in the study of religion were willing to forego the quest for objective evidence and focus on experience, whereas those most invested in psychical research were not. The shift in focus did not overcome many of the methodological difficulties. Sub-specialization formalized distinctions between psychical, religious, and pathological phenomena; obscured similarities; and undercut the nascent comparative study of unusual experiences that had emerged at the early Congresses. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Congressos como Assunto/história Ocultismo/história Parapsicologia/história Religião/história [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: História do Século XX Seres Humanos Paris Religião e Psicologia Suíça [Pt] Tipo de publicação: HISTORICAL ARTICLE; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1506 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 141013 [Lr] Data última revisão: 141013 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM; QIS [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 140904 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1002/jhbs.21691

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[PMID]: 25080643 [Au] Autor: de Ceglia FP [Ti] Título: Thinking with the saint: the miracle of Saint Januarius of Naples and science in early modern Europe. [So] Source: Early Sci Med;19(2):133-73, 2014. [Is] ISSN: 1383-7427 [Cp] País de publicação: Netherlands [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the way in which early modem science questioned and indirectly influenced (while being in its turn influenced by) the conceptualization of the liquefaction of the blood of Saint Januarius, a phenomenon that has been taking place at regular intervals in Naples since the late Middle Ages. In the seventeenth century, a debate arose that divided Europe between supporters of a theory of divine intervention and believers in the occult properties of the blood. These two theoretical options reflected two different perspectives on the relationship between the natural and the supernatural. While in the seventeenth century, the emphasis was placed on the predictable periodicity of the miraculous event of liquefaction as a manifestation of God in his role as a divine regulator, in the eighteenth century the event came to be described as capricious and unpredictable, in an attempt to differentiate miracles from the workings of nature, which were deemed to be normative. The miracle of the blood of Saint Januarius thus provides a window through which we can catch a glimpse of how the natural order was perceived in early modern Europe at a time when the Continent was culturally fragmented into north and south, Protestantism and Catholicism, learned and ignorant. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Catolicismo/história Ocultismo/história Protestantismo/história Religião e Ciência Santos [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Sangue Europa (Continente) História do Século XVII História do Século XVIII História Medieval Itália [Pt] Tipo de publicação: HISTORICAL ARTICLE; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1408 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 161013 [Lr] Data última revisão: 161013 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: QIS [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 140802 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 24598482 [Au] Autor: Shein PP; Li YY; Huang TC [Ad] Endereço: National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan taichu@mail.nsysu.edu.tw. [Ti] Título: Relationship between scientific knowledge and fortune-telling. [So] Source: Public Underst Sci;23(7):780-96, 2014 Oct. [Is] ISSN: 1361-6609 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: This study takes on a relational and situated perspective to understand the relationship between scientific knowledge and fortune-telling. Measures included socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of scientific facts and methods, and fortune-telling beliefs and practices. A sample of 1863 adults was drawn from a population of Taiwanese citizens using the method of probability proportional to size. The findings showed that knowledge of scientific methods was negatively associated with fortune-telling beliefs. However, knowledge of scientific facts was, by and large, positively associated with engagement in fortune-telling practices, a phenomenon known as cognitive polyphasia. This study does not imply that science communication or education have no effect on promoting scientific knowledge; rather, it hopes to encourage researchers and practitioners to use a culturally sensitive lens to rethink the role of science in society and its relationship with other forms of knowledge and belief. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Conhecimento Ocultismo Ciência [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adolescente Adulto Idoso Compreensão Cultura Feminino Previsões Seres Humanos Masculino Meia-Idade Taiwan Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T [Em] Mês de entrada: 1610 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 161230 [Lr] Data última revisão: 161230 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: QIS [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 140307 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1177/0963662514522169

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[PMID]: 24117906 [Au] Autor: Birkhoff J; Candelli C; Zeroli S; La Tegola D; Carabellese F [Ad] Endereço: Department of Forensic Psychopathology, University of Insubria, Via O. Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy. [Ti] Título: The "Bestie di Satana" murders. [So] Source: J Forensic Sci;58(6):1660-5, 2013 Nov. [Is] ISSN: 1556-4029 [Cp] País de publicação: United States [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In recent years, satanic groups have been responsible for various types and degrees of crimes. We report the case of a number of murders committed in Italy by a group of young people calling themselves the "Bestie di Satana". Forensic psychiatric assessment of the members of a satanic sect charged with the crime revealed that all the young people had a fragile, immature personality, a very low level of education and were socially disadvantaged. The trial of the members of the "Bestie di Satana" sect was concluded with the verdict of deliberate murder, and all the members were given long jail sentences. This report should lead us to explore social and cultural responses to juvenile satanism, statistically shown to be a relatively rare phenomenon but with a high criminal potential. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Homicídio/psicologia Comportamento de Massa Ocultismo [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Adulto Feminino Psiquiatria Legal Seres Humanos Itália Masculino Determinação da Personalidade Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia Adulto Jovem [Pt] Tipo de publicação: CASE REPORTS; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1407 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 131029 [Lr] Data última revisão: 131029 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 131015 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12292

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[PMID]: 23002297 [Au] Autor: Wolffram H [Ad] Endereço: School of Humanities, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. heather.wolffram@canterbury.ac.nz [Ti] Título: 'Trick', 'manipulation' and 'farce': Albert Moll's critique of occultism. [So] Source: Med Hist;56(2):277-95, 2012 Apr. [Is] ISSN: 2048-8343 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: In July 1925, the psychiatrist Albert Moll appeared before the district court in Berlin-Schöneberg charged with having defamed the medium Maria Vollhardt (alias Rudloff) in his 1924 book Der Spiritismus [Spiritism]. Supported by some of Berlin's most prominent occultists, the plaintiff--the medium's husband--argued that Moll's use of terms such as 'trick', 'manipulation' and 'farce' in reference to Vollhardt's phenomena had been libellous. In the three-part trial that followed, however, Moll's putative affront to the medium--of which he was eventually acquitted--was overshadowed, on the one hand, by a debate over the scientific status of parapsychology, and on the other, by the question of who--parapsychologists, occultists, psychiatrists or jurists--was entitled to claim epistemic authority over the occult. This paper will use the Rudloff-Moll trial as a means of examining Moll's critique of occultism, not only as it stood in the mid-1920s, but also as it had developed since the 1880s. It will also provide insight into the views of Germany's occultists and parapsychologists, who argued that their legitimate bid for scientific credibility was hindered by Dunkelmänner [obscurantists] such as Albert Moll. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Ocultismo/história Parapsicologia/história Má Conduta Científica/história [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Berlim História do Século XIX História do Século XX Seres Humanos Má Conduta Científica/legislação & jurisprudência [Pt] Tipo de publicação: HISTORICAL ARTICLE; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1211 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 160307 [Lr] Data última revisão: 160307 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM; QIS [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 120925 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 22611911 [Au] Autor: Bachhiesl C [Ad] Endereço: Hans-Gross-Kriminalmuseum Universitätsmuseen der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz. [Ti] Título: [Criminology and superstition at the turn of the 19th century]. [Ti] Título: Kriminologie und Aberglaube um 1900.. [So] Source: Arch Kriminol;229(3-4):126-36, 2012 Mar-Apr. [Is] ISSN: 0003-9225 [Cp] País de publicação: Germany [La] Idioma: ger [Ab] Resumo: Criminology, which institutionalised at university level at the turn of the 19th century, was intensively engaged in the exploration of superstition. Criminologists investigated the various phenomena of superstition and the criminal behaviour resulting from it. They discovered bizarre (real or imagined) worlds of thought and mentalities, which they subjected to a rationalistic regime of interpretation in order to arrive at a better understanding of offences and crimes related to superstition. However, they sometimes also considered the use of occultist practices such as telepathy and clairvoyance to solve criminal cases. As a motive for committing homicide superstition gradually became less relevant in the course of the 19th century. Around 1900, superstition was accepted as a plausible explanation in this context only if a psychopathic form of superstition was involved. In the 20th century, superstition was no longer regarded as an explanans but an explanandum. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Crime/legislação & jurisprudência Homicídio/legislação & jurisprudência Ocultismo/história Superstições/história [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Áustria História do Século XIX História do Século XX Seres Humanos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: ENGLISH ABSTRACT; HISTORICAL ARTICLE; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1207 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 120522 [Lr] Data última revisão: 120522 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 120523 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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[PMID]: 22137443 [Au] Autor: Fara P [Ad] Endereço: Clare College, Cambridge, CB2 1TL, UK. pf10006@cam.ac.uk [Ti] Título: Rulers of the zodiac. [So] Source: Endeavour;36(1):4-5, 2012 Mar. [Is] ISSN: 1873-1929 [Cp] País de publicação: England [La] Idioma: eng [Ab] Resumo: Everybody thinks they know what science is, but pinning down a definite time and place for its origins is more problematic. [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Astrologia/história Matemática/história Religião e Ciência Ciência/história [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: História do Século XV História do Século XVI História do Século XVII História Antiga História Medieval Seres Humanos Ocultismo [Pt] Tipo de publicação: HISTORICAL ARTICLE; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Em] Mês de entrada: 1206 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 120210 [Lr] Data última revisão: 120210 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 111206 [St] Status: MEDLINE [do] DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2011.11.001

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[PMID]: 22822609 [Au] Autor: Helmstädter A [Ad] Endereço: Institut für Geschichte der Pharmazie, Roter Graben 10, D-35032 Marburg. axel.helmstaedter@staff.uni-marburg.de [Ti] Título: [Occult medicine in the 20th century: pharmacotherapy by Demeter Georgievitz-Weitzer, known as Surya (1873 - 1949)]. [Ti] Título: Okkulte medizin im 20. Jahrhundert: Pharmakotherapie nach Demeter Georgievitz-Weitzer, genannt Surya (1873-1949).. [So] Source: Gesnerus;68(2):198-217, 2011. [Is] ISSN: 0016-9161 [Cp] País de publicação: Switzerland [La] Idioma: fre [Ab] Resumo: Demeter Georgievitz-Weitzer (1873-1949), called "Surya", Sanskrit for "sun", was an important representative of medical occultism in the first half of the 20th century. He worked as a journal editor and published a 13-volume book series about occult medicine, mainly written by himself. His hypotheses were closely related to the "Lebensreform" movement around 1900. Regarding diagnostics, he relied on astrology, cheiromancy, and clairvoyance, while therapeutics were dominated by diet and spagyric remedies according to Cesare Mattei (1809-1896) and Carl-Friedrich Zimpel (1801-1879). In his later years, he developed his own healing system, initially comprising eight, later only two preparations. Surya remedies were commercially available until the end of the 20th century, [Mh] Termos MeSH primário: Tratamento Farmacológico/história Manuscritos Médicos como Assunto/história Medicina Tradicional/história Ocultismo/história [Mh] Termos MeSH secundário: Áustria História do Século XIX História do Século XX Seres Humanos [Pt] Tipo de publicação: BIOGRAPHY; HISTORICAL ARTICLE; JOURNAL ARTICLE [Ps] Nome de pessoa como assunto: Georgievitz-Weitzer D [Em] Mês de entrada: 1209 [Cu] Atualização por classe: 171116 [Lr] Data última revisão: 171116 [Sb] Subgrupo de revista: IM; QIS [Da] Data de entrada para processamento: 120725 [St] Status: MEDLINE

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