Base de dados : MEDLINE Pesquisa : A05.810.453 [Categoria DeCS] Referências encontradas : 55728 [refinar] Mostrando: 1 .. 10   no formato [Longo]

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PMID: 19604278 Autor: Asmundsdóttir LR; Erlendsdóttir H; Agnarsson BA; Gottfredsson M Endereço: University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland. Título: The importance of strain variation in virulence of Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans: results of a blinded histopathological study of invasive candidiasis. Fonte: Clin Microbiol Infect; 15(6):576-85, 2009 Jun. ISSN: 1469-0691 País de publicação: France Idioma: eng Resumo: The pathogenic yeast Candida dubliniensis is increasingly reported as a cause of systemic fungal infections. We compared the virulence of 9 clinical bloodstream isolates of C. dubliniensis with 3 C. albicans isolates in a murine model of invasive candidiasis. Quantification of organisms and inflammatory changes in kidneys of infected animals were evaluated in a blinded, systematic manner. Average 7-day mortality among animals infected with C. dubliniensis was 21.0% (33/157 animals; range for strains: 0-57.1%); and with C. albicans 23.2%, (23/99 animals; range for strains: 6.7-85.0%) (p 0.65). Greater strain variation was noted within species than between the two species. Both species comprised strains of either high or low virulence, and six of the nine C. dubliniensis strains showed negligible virulence. Colony counts determined on samples from liver and kidneys did not differ between species. According to histopathological analysis, C. dubliniensis produced significantly lower levels of hyphae than C. albicans (p <0.001). Candida albicans caused a greater inflammatory response in kidneys (p <0.001) and was more commonly associated with granulomatous inflammation (p 0.003) and greater mononuclear infiltrate (p <0.001). According to multivariate analysis, increasing tissue burden of both hyphal forms (p 0.032) and yeasts (p 0.016) was independently associated with death, whereas higher levels of mononuclear cells were protective (p <0.001). The results suggest a great overlap between the virulence properties of C. dubliniensis and C. albicans. Both yeast and hyphal forms are independently associated with mortality, suggesting similar virulence for both. The source of the fungal isolates may be a neglected confounding factor in virulence studies in animal models. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T

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PMID: 19214400 Autor: Messaoudi I; El Heni J; Hammouda F; Saïd K; Kerkeni A Endereço: UR 09/30: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut de Biotechnologie, Monastir, Tunisia. imed_messaoudi@yahoo.fr Título: Protective effects of selenium, zinc, or their combination on cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney. Fonte: Biol Trace Elem Res; 130(2):152-61, 2009 Aug. ISSN: 1559-0720 País de publicação: United States Idioma: eng Resumo: The present study was conducted to investigate whether the combined treatment with Se and Zn offers more beneficial effects than that provided by either of them alone in reversing Cd-induced oxidative stress in the kidney of rat. For this purpose, 30 adult male Wistar albino rats, equally divided into control and four treated groups, received either 200 ppm Cd (as CdCl(2)), 200 ppm Cd + 500 ppm Zn (as ZnCl(2)), 200 ppm Cd + 0.1 ppm Se (as Na(2)SeO(3)), or 200 ppm Cd + 500 ppm Zn + 0.1 ppm Se in their drinking water for 35 days. The results showed that Cd treatment decreased significantly the catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, whereas the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the renal levels of lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde, MDA) were increased compared to control rats. The treatment of Cd-exposed rats with Se alone had no significant effect on the Cd-induced increase in the MDA concentrations but increased significantly the CAT activities and reversed Cd-induced increase in SOD activity. It also partially prevented Cd-induced decrease in GSH-Px activity. The treatment of Cd-exposed animals with Zn alone increased significantly the CAT activity and partially protected against Cd-induced increase in the MDA concentrations, whereas it had no significant effect on the Cd-induced increase in SOD activity and decrease in GSH-Px activity. The combined treatment of Cd-exposed animals with Se and Zn was more effective than that with either of them alone in reversing Cd-induced decrease in CAT and GSH-Px activities and Cd-induced increase in MDA concentrations. Results demonstrated beneficial effects of combined Se and Zn treatment in Cd-induced oxidative stress in kidney and suggest that Se and Zn can have a synergistic role against Cd toxicity. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE Nome de substância: 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde); 7440-43-9 (Cadmium); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 7782-49-2 (Selenium); EC 1.11.1.6 (Catalase); EC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase)

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PMID: 19214399 Autor: Calvo FB; Santos Junior D; Rodrigues CJ; Krug FJ; Marumo JT; Schor N; Bellini MH Endereço: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Cidade Universitária IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, Brazil. Título: Variation in the distribution of trace elements in renal cell carcinoma. Fonte: Biol Trace Elem Res; 130(2):107-13, 2009 Aug. ISSN: 1559-0720 País de publicação: United States Idioma: eng Resumo: The development of cancer is a complex, multistage process during which a normal cell undergoes genetic changes that result in phenotypic alterations and in the acquisition of the ability to invade other sites. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was used to estimate the contents of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, and Zn in healthy kidney and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and significant differences were found for all elements. Along with the progression of the malignant disease, a progressive decrease of Cd and K was observed. In fact, for Cd, the concentration in stage T4 was 263.9 times lower than in stage T1, and for K, the concentration in stage T4 was 1.73 times lower than in stage T1. Progressive accumulation was detected for P, Pb, and Zn in stage T4. For P, the concentration in stage T4 was 11.1 times higher than in stage T1; for Pb, the concentration in stage T4 was 232.7 times higher than in T1; and for Zn, the concentration in T4 was 8.452 times higher than in T1. This study highlights the marked differences in the concentrations of selected trace metals in different malignant tumor stages. These findings indicate that some trace metals may play important roles in the pathogenesis of RCC. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T Nome de substância: 0 (Trace Elements)

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PMID: 19252134 Autor: Pezzolesi MG; Poznik GD; Mychaleckyj JC; Paterson AD; Barati MT; Klein JB; Ng DP; Placha G; Canani LH; Bochenski J; Waggott D; Merchant ML; Krolewski B; Mirea L; Wanic K; Katavetin P; Kure M; Wolkow P; Dunn JS; Smiles A; Walker WH; Boright AP; Bull SB; DCCT/EDIC Research Group; Doria A; Rogus JJ; Rich SS; Warram JH; Krolewski AS Endereço: Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Título: Genome-wide association scan for diabetic nephropathy susceptibility genes in type 1 diabetes. Fonte: Diabetes; 58(6):1403-10, 2009 Jun. ISSN: 1939-327X País de publicação: United States Idioma: eng Resumo: OBJECTIVE: Despite extensive evidence for genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy, the identification of susceptibility genes and their variants has had limited success. To search for genes that contribute to diabetic nephropathy, a genome-wide association scan was implemented on the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes collection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We genotyped approximately 360,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 820 case subjects (284 with proteinuria and 536 with end-stage renal disease) and 885 control subjects with type 1 diabetes. Confirmation of implicated SNPs was sought in 1,304 participants of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, a long-term, prospective investigation of the development of diabetes-associated complications. RESULTS: A total of 13 SNPs located in four genomic loci were associated with diabetic nephropathy with P < 1 x 10(-5). The strongest association was at the FRMD3 (4.1 protein ezrin, radixin, moesin [FERM] domain containing 3) locus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, P = 5.0 x 10(-7)). A strong association was also identified at the CARS (cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase) locus (OR = 1.36, P = 3.1 x 10(-6)). Associations between both loci and time to onset of diabetic nephropathy were supported in the DCCT/EDIC study (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.33, P = 0.02, and HR = 1.32, P = 0.01, respectively). We demonstratedexpression of both FRMD3 and CARS in human kidney. CONCLUSIONS: We identified genetic associations for susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy at two novel candidate loci near the FRMD3 and CARS genes. Their identification implicates previously unsuspected pathways in the pathogenesis of this important late complication of type 1 diabetes. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S. Nome de substância: 0 (Cytoskeletal Proteins); 0 (Membrane Proteins); 0 (Microfilament Proteins); 0 (ezrin); 144131-77-1 (moesin); 144517-21-5 (radixin)

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PMID: 19470664 Autor: Kim HJ; Lee HJ; Kim H; Cho SW; Kim JS Endereço: Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea. Título: Targeted genome editing in human cells with zinc finger nucleases constructed via modular assembly. Fonte: Genome Res; 19(7):1279-88, 2009 Jul. ISSN: 1088-9051 País de publicação: United States Idioma: eng Resumo: Broad applications of zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology-which allows targeted genome editing-in research, medicine, and biotechnology are hampered by the lack of a convenient, rapid, and publicly available method for the synthesis of functional ZFNs. Here we describe an efficient and easy-to-practice modular-assembly method using publicly available zinc fingers to make ZFNs that can modify the DNA sequences of predetermined genomic sites in human cells. We synthesized and tested hundreds of ZFNs to target dozens of different sites in the human CCR5 gene-a co-receptor required for HIV infection-and found that many of these nucleases induced site-specific mutations in the CCR5 sequence. Because human cells that harbor CCR5 null mutations are functional and normal, these ZFNs might be used for (1) knocking out CCR5 to produce T-cells that are resistant to HIV infection in AIDS patients or (2) inserting therapeutic genes at "safe sites" in gene therapy applications. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE Nome de substância: 0 (Receptors, CCR5); EC 1.13.12.- (Luciferases); EC 3.1.- (Endonucleases)

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PMID: 19336450 Autor: Lee I; Ajay SS; Yook JI; Kim HS; Hong SH; Kim NH; Dhanasekaran SM; Chinnaiyan AM; Athey BD Endereço: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. Título: New class of microRNA targets containing simultaneous 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR interaction sites. Fonte: Genome Res; 19(7):1175-83, 2009 Jul. ISSN: 1088-9051 País de publicação: United States Idioma: eng Resumo: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to post-transcriptionally regulate target mRNAs through the 3'-UTR, which interacts mainly with the 5'-end of miRNA in animals. Here we identify many endogenous motifs within human 5'-UTRs specific to the 3'-ends of miRNAs. The 3'-end of conserved miRNAs in particular has significant interaction sites in the human-enriched, less conserved 5'-UTR miRNA motifs, while human-specific miRNAs have significant interaction sites only in the conserved 5'-UTR motifs, implying both miRNA and 5'-UTR are actively evolving in response to each other. Additionally, many miRNAs with their 3'-end interaction sites in the 5'-UTRs turn out to simultaneously contain 5'-end interaction sites in the 3'-UTRs. Based on these findings we demonstrate combinatory interactions between a single miRNA and both end regions of an mRNA using model systems. We further show that genes exhibiting large-scale protein changes due to miRNA overexpression or deletion contain both UTR interaction sites predicted. We provide the predicted targets of this new miRNA target class, miBridge, as an efficient way to screen potential targets, especially for nonconserved miRNAs, since the target search space is reduced by an order of magnitude compared with the 3'-UTR alone. Efficacy is confirmed by showing SEC24D regulation with hsa-miR-605, a miRNA identified only in primate, opening the door to the study of nonconserved miRNAs. Finally, miRNAs (and associated proteins) involved in this new targeting class may prevent 40S ribosome scanning through the 5'-UTR and keep it from reaching the start-codon, preventing 60S association. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T Nome de substância: 0 (3' Untranslated Regions); 0 (5' Untranslated Regions); 0 (AXIN2 protein, human); 0 (Cytoskeletal Proteins); 0 (MicroRNAs); 0 (RNA, Messenger); 0 (WNT1 protein, human); 0 (Wnt1 Protein)

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PMID: 19562974 Autor: Wieczorowska-Tobis K Endereço: Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Poznan, Poland. kwt@tobis.pl Título: [Organ alterations due to aging] Título: Zmiany narzadowe w procesie starzenia.. Fonte: Pol Arch Med Wewn; 118 Suppl:63-9, 2008. ISSN: 0032-3772 País de publicação: Poland Idioma: pol Resumo: Aging defined as progressive organ dysfunction which makes keeping homeostasis more difficult starts at the age of 30-40. However, due to difficulties with the distinction between aging and disease processes, changes previously believed to be caused by aging are often recognized as the effect of pathologies when new data is presented. According to current knowledge, cardio-vascular aging includes decreased elasticity of main arteries, decreased ability of left ventricule to relaxate, diminished function of sino-atrial node and decreased effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation. Aging in the respiratory system is attributed to increased size of alveoli and alveolar ducts (which easier collapse), a decrease in the gase exchange area, a decrease in respiratory volumes (both static and dynamic) and a severe decrease in maximal oxygen consumption. In aging kidneys both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration are decreased. As the result of tubular alterations the kidney ability to conserve and dilute urine, and its capability to regulate the pH and serum sodium level diminish. Less dramatic changes are seen in the gastrointestinal tract. According to available data, high prevalence of gastric atrophy and hypochlorhydria are a consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Also, constipation is attributed much more to sedative life style and diet than to aging itself. In summary, none of the presented alterations is severe enough to cause the disease, but all of them increase the risk of pathology and thus pave the way for the disease even in healthy elderly subjects. Tipo de publicação: ENGLISH ABSTRACT; JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW

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PMID: 19430759 Autor: Chudleigh RA; Ollerton RL; Dunseath G; Peter R; Harvey JN; Luzio S; Owens DR Endereço: Diabetes Research Unit, Llandough University Hospital, Penlan Road, Llandough, Penarth, Cardiff, UK. rachudleigh@hotmail.com Título: Use of cystatin C-based estimations of glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes. Fonte: Diabetologia; 52(7):1274-8, 2009 Jul. ISSN: 1432-0428 País de publicação: Germany Idioma: eng Resumo: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation has recognised limitations when using estimated GFR in persons at risk of chronic kidney disease. Equations based on cystatin C provide an alternative method. We compared performance of the MDRD equation with a selection of cystatin C-based formulae for estimation of GFR in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Estimated GFR was calculated using the MDRD equation and the cystatin C formulae proposed by several investigator teams. Isotopic GFR was measured using plasma clearance of (51)Cr-EDTA. RESULTS: We studied 106 participants, of whom 83 (78%) were men with the following characteristics, mean (SD): age 61 (9) years, HbA(1c) 7.10 (1.27)%, creatinine 89.0 (12.7) micromol/l, cystatin C 0.859 (0.234) mg/l and isotopic GFR 104.5 (20.1) ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2). MDRD estimated GFR was 77.4 (13.6) ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) (p < 0.05 for difference from isotopic GFR). Cystatin C-based calculations of estimated GFR were: Perkins 124.5 (31.8), Rule 90.0 (30.0), Stevens (age) 96.0 (30.4) and Stevens (creatinine) 85.6 (19.0) ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) (p < 0.05 for difference with isotopic GFR). For Arnal's, MacIsaac's and Tan's formulae cystatin-C estimated GFR were 101.7 (34.8), 102.1 (27.0) and 101.6 (27.8) ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2), respectively (p = NS for difference with isotopic GFR). Cystatin C-based formulae were less biased and, with the exception of Perkins' formula, more accurate to within 10% of isotopic GFR than MDRD. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Performance of cystatin C equations was superior to MDRD in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. These results support further evaluation of cystatin C for estimation of GFR in persons at risk of chronic kidney disease. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE Nome de substância: 0 (Anticoagulants); 0 (Biological Markers); 0 (Chromium Radioisotopes); 0 (Cystatin C); 60-00-4 (Edetic Acid)

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PMID: 19108855 Autor: Springer N; Lindbloom-Hawley S; Schermerhorn T Endereço: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506-5606, Manhattan, USA. Título: Tissue expression of ketohexokinase in cats. Fonte: Res Vet Sci; 87(1):115-7, 2009 Aug. ISSN: 1532-2661 País de publicação: England Idioma: eng Resumo: Ketohexokinase (KHK) metabolizes dietary fructose and is an important regulator of hepatic glucose metabolism. The veterinary literature contains conflicting data regarding the role of KHK in feline fructose metabolism. The study objectives were to determine tissue expression of KHK mRNA and protein in cats, with special emphasis on hepatic expression. KHK mRNA and protein expression were determined using routine RT-PCR and immunoblot techniques. KHK mRNA was detected in feline liver, pancreas, spleen and striated muscle but not in lung. The partial sequence of feline KHK mRNA obtained was highly similar to known KHK mRNA sequences. Immunoblot studies confirmed KHK protein expression in the feline liver. The tissue distribution of KHK mRNA in cats is similar to KHK expression in other species. KHK mRNA and protein expression in feline liver is consistent with previous reports of hepatic fructokinase activity in this species. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T Nome de substância: 0 (RNA, Messenger); 30237-26-4 (Fructose); EC 2.7.1.- (Fructokinases); EC 2.7.1.3 (ketohexokinase)

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PMID: 19081120 Autor: Chiesa OA; von Bredow J; Smith M; Thomas M Endereço: Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Division of Residue Chemistry, Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Título: One-port video assisted laparoscopic kidney biopsy in standing steers. Fonte: Res Vet Sci; 87(1):133-4, 2009 Aug. ISSN: 1532-2661 País de publicação: England Idioma: eng Resumo: The purpose of this study was to simplify the two-port laparoscopic renal biopsy technique used in support of pharmacokinetic studies through the application of a one-port system. Twelve Holstein steers were fasted for 24 h and sedated with acepromazine and xylaxine in preparation for laparoscopic surgery in standing stocks. Lidocaine 2% was injected to provide local anesthesia for introduction of the trocar-cannula assembly. The operating endoscope was inserted and the abdomen was insufflated with CO(2). A biopsy forceps was introduced into the channel of the operating endoscope to obtain a 100mg kidney cortex sample. Eighteen laparoscopic procedures provided 18 kidney samples suitable for pharmacokinetic studies. No complications were encountered. The one-port laparoscopic kidney biopsy is feasible and safe, and advanced skill required for triangulation is not necessary for its performance. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE

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