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PMID: 19183866 Autor: Kasperczyk S; Kasperczyk J; Ostalowska A; Zalejska-Fiolka J; Wielkoszynski T; Swietochowska E; Birkner E Endereço: Department of Biochemistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. kaslav@mediclub.pl Título: The role of the antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes in the development of arterial hypertension among humans exposed to lead. Fonte: Biol Trace Elem Res; 130(2):95-106, 2009 Aug. ISSN: 1559-0720 País de publicação: United States Idioma: eng Resumo: The study population included employees of metal works, with significant exposure to lead (Pb) for about 20 years (mean blood lead level PbB = 43 microg/dl), divided into four groups: normotensive (Pb-normotensive), high-normotensive, first (HT-1), and second degree (HT-2) of hypertension. The control group comprised of 30 office workers with normal blood pressure and no history of occupational exposure to lead. In erythrocytes, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation (measured as concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA)) was estimated. MDA concentration, glutathione peroxide (GPx), and superoxide dimutase (SOD) activities were significantly higher in Pb-normotensive group when compared to the normotensive control. Body mass index, age, duration of exposure to lead, and PbB were higher in both hypertensive groups than in Pb-normotensive or high-normotensive groups. MDA increased in HT-1 group by 48% and in HT-2 by 72%, and the activity of GPx decreased significantly in HT-1 group, by 30% and in HT-2 by 43%. No significant differences were observed in their activity of SOD, catalase, and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes. Arterial blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), age, lead exposure duration, PbB, MDA, and negatively correlated with GPx. There was no significant correlation between BMI and MDA, BMI and GPx, age and MDA, AND age and GPx. In conclusion: (1) lead increases erythrocyte MDA concentration and the activity of GPx as well as SOD in normotensive subjects. (2) Among individuals exposed to lead, with arterial hypertension diagnosed, higher body mass index, age, values of blood lead level, and prolonged exposure to lead have been noticed, accompanied by intensified oxidative stress and the decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes. The reasons for increase of blood pressure in lead exposure remain unrecognized. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE Nome de substância: 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Protoporphyrins); 15442-64-5 (zinc protoporphyrin); 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde); 7439-92-1 (Lead); EC 1.11.1.6 (Catalase); EC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); EC 1.8.1.7 (Glutathione Reductase)

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PMID: 19382900 Autor: Naveau S; Thaury J; Barri-Ova N; Balian A; Dauvois B; Njiké-Nakseu M; Prévot S; Agostini H; Perlemuter G Endereço: AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service d'Hépato-gastroenterologie, 157 rue de la Porte de Trivaux, Clamart, France. sylvie.naveau@abc.aphp.fr Título: Predictive factors for pure steatosis in alcoholic patients. Fonte: Alcohol Clin Exp Res; 33(6):1104-10, 2009 Jun. ISSN: 1530-0277 País de publicação: England Idioma: eng Resumo: BACKGROUND: Bearing in mind the mechanisms involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, this study aims to verify whether metabolic syndrome or its various individual components are independent predictive factors for steatosis > or =10% in alcoholic patients. METHODS: This study included 281 consecutive alcoholic patients with abnormal liver tests and either normal liver histology or steatosis <10% (n = 119) or steatosis > or =10% (n = 162). Logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between metabolic syndrome components and various risk factors and the presence of steatosis > or =10%. We assessed apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA-1) levels, a major protein component of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL), rather than HDL-cholesterol levels. RESULTS: Plasma ApoA-1 levels (p < 0.01), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.01), and waist circumference (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with steatosis > or =10% than in patients with normal liver histology or steatosis <10%. A higher percentage of patients with steatosis > or =10% had high blood pressure (p = 0.003) than patients with normal liver histology or steatosis <10%. In the logistic regression, ApoA-1 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.57 (1.10-2.22)], BMI [OR = 1.10 (1.01-1.23)], and high blood pressure [OR = 1.84 (1.10-3.06)] were positively and independently correlated with the presence of steatosis > or =10%. In the multivariate regression high blood pressure was independently and positively correlated with steatosis score (r = 0.55 +/- 0.26; p < 0.05). On the other hand, when the presence of high blood pressure was the dependent variable, the presence of steatosis > or =10% positively and independently correlated with it [OR = 1.82 (1.05-3.15)]. CONCLUSION: In alcoholic patients without fibrosis, ApoA-1, BMI, and high blood pressure on the next morning after the admission were predictive of steatosis > or =10%. High blood pressure was the only metabolic syndrome component associated with the presence of alcoholic steatosis >/=10% and was not correlated with other metabolic syndrome components. These findings suggest that steatosis mechanisms are different in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE Nome de substância: 0 (Apolipoprotein A-I)

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PMID: 19219041 Autor: Newton-Cheh C; Larson MG; Vasan RS; Levy D; Bloch KD; Surti A; Guiducci C; Kathiresan S; Benjamin EJ; Struck J; Morgenthaler NG; Bergmann A; Blankenberg S; Kee F; Nilsson P; Yin X; Peltonen L; Vartiainen E; Salomaa V; Hirschhorn JN; Melander O; Wang TJ Endereço: Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. cnewtoncheh@chgr.mgh.harvard.edu Título: Association of common variants in NPPA and NPPB with circulating natriuretic peptides and blood pressure. Fonte: Nat Genet; 41(3):348-53, 2009 Mar. ISSN: 1546-1718 País de publicação: United States Idioma: eng Resumo: We examined the association of common variants at the NPPA-NPPB locus with circulating concentrations of the natriuretic peptides, which have blood pressure-lowering properties. We genotyped SNPs at the NPPA-NPPB locus in 14,743 individuals of European ancestry, and identified associations of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide with rs5068 (P = 8 x 10(-70)), rs198358 (P = 8 x 10(-30)) and rs632793 (P = 2 x 10(-10)), and of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide with rs5068 (P = 3 x 10(-12)), rs198358 (P = 1 x 10(-25)) and rs632793 (P = 2 x 10(-68)). In 29,717 individuals, the alleles of rs5068 and rs198358 that showed association with increased circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations were also found to be associated with lower systolic (P = 2 x 10(-6) and 6 x 10(-5), respectively) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 1 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-5)), as well as reduced odds of hypertension (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79-0.92, P = 4 x 10(-5); OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.95, P = 2 x 10(-4), respectively). Common genetic variants at the NPPA-NPPB locus found to be associated with circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations contribute to interindividual variation in blood pressure and hypertension. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T Nome de substância: 0 (NPPA protein, human); 0 (Natriuretic Peptides); 114471-18-0 (Natriuretic Peptide, Brain); 85637-73-6 (Atrial Natriuretic Factor)

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PMID: 18538802 Autor: Sanders BJ; Knoepfler J Endereço: Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Program, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA. brian.sanders@drake.edu Título: Neonatal handling increases cardiovascular reactivity to contextual fear conditioning in borderline hypertensive rats (BHR). Fonte: Physiol Behav; 95(1-2):72-6, 2008 Sep 3. ISSN: 0031-9384 País de publicação: United States Idioma: eng Resumo: Much research has demonstrated that events occurring in early life can have a profound influence on future biobehavioral responses to stressful and emotion provoking situations. The purpose of these studies was to determine the effects of an early environmental manipulation, handling (HAN) on cardiovascular (CV) reactivity, freezing behavior and corticosterone (CORT) responses to contextual fear conditioning in the borderline hypertensive rat (BHR),which is susceptible to environmental stressors. HAN subjects were separated from the nest for 15 min/day on post-natal days 1-14, while non-handled (NON-HAN) controls remained in the home cage. Adult subjects were exposed to the contextual fear conditioning procedure and returned to the chamber 24 h later for a 10 min test period. HAN subjects displayed significantly more freezing behavior compared to NON-HAN(92%+/-2.2 vs 80.7%+/-5.7, p<.05). Although resting MAP did not differ between groups, HAN subjects had increased MAP reactivity when re-exposed to the chamber. In addition, HAN subjects had significantly lower CORT levels at the end of the 10 min test period (174.2+/-9 ng/ml vs 237.2+/-12.9 ng/ml, p<.05). In the second experiment, CORT responses to 60 min of restraint stress and recovery following return to the home cage were assessed in separate groups of HAN and NON-HAN subjects. HAN subjects showed reduced CORT levels in response to acute restraint stress. These results indicate that neonatal handling can modulate biobehavioral responses to contextual fear conditioning in BHR and may suggest a useful model with which to study emotionality and susceptibility to CV disease. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL Nome de substância: 50-22-6 (Corticosterone)

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PMID: 19642506 Autor: Nowak LA; Smith GG; Reyes PF Endereço: Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA. Título: Dementia in a retired world boxing champion: case report and literature review. Fonte: Clin Neuropathol; 28(4):275-80, 2009 Jul-Aug. ISSN: 0722-5091 País de publicação: Germany Idioma: eng Resumo: OBJECTIVE: Dementia in retired boxers, also referred to as "dementia pugilistica" (DP), is usually attributed to repeated concussive and subconcussive blows to the head. We report the case of a former world boxing champion whose progressive cognitive decline could be ascribed to DP, cerebral infarcts and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. This case demonstrates that dementia in retired boxers may be caused and/or exacerbated by etiologic factors other than DP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We correlated the clinical features with the histochemical and immunohistochemical changes observed on autopsy brain material from a retired boxer, reviewed the literature on boxing-related dementia, and compared our findings with previous reports on DP. RESULTS: Neuropathologic examination revealed numerous neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), rare neuritic plaques (NPs), multiple cerebral infarcts, fenestrated septum pellucidum, atrophic and gliotic mamillary bodies, and pale substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. CONCLUSIONS: Our neuropathologic data confirmed the notion that dementia in retired boxers could be due to several factors such as DP, multiple cerebral infarcts and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Our findings illustrate the need to comprehensively examine former boxers with dementia as well as carefully evaluate the neuropathologic changes that may cause or contribute to the patient's cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Such an approach is crucial in order to provide prompt and more definitive therapies. Tipo de publicação: CASE REPORTS; JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW

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PMID: 19587522 Autor: Vimala A; Ranji SA; Jyosna MT; Chandran V; Mathews SR; Pappachan JM Endereço: Department of Medicine, Kottayam Medical College, Kerala, India. Título: The prevalence, risk factors and awareness of hypertension in an urban population of Kerala (South India). Fonte: Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl; 20(4):685-9, 2009 Jul. ISSN: 1319-2442 País de publicação: Saudi Arabia Idioma: eng Resumo: To determine the prevalence and possible risk factors for hypertension and prehypertensive state in Trivandrum City of Kerala (South India) using Joint National Committee (JNC) VII criteria, a team of trained fourth year medical students conducted a 10% random household survey in certain wards of the City. Households were selected using a random start and interval and all the members above the age of 10 years were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. The blood pressure (BP) was measured twice in each participant and the mean value of the two measurements was taken. A total of 482 individuals (212 males and 270 females) were interviewed in the survey. Overall prevalence of hypertension was 47% (n = 226) with equal sex ratio; 109 (21.6%) had stage-I hypertension, 45 (9.34%) had stage-II hypertension and 72 were taking drug treatment. Only 55 (11.4%) individuals had normal BP, while 201 (41.7%) were prehypertensives. Only 81 (16.8%) hypertensive patients were aware of their disease. Among the parameters such as dietary habits, physical activity, educational standards, salt intake, and diabetes mellitus, only high salt diet (P= 0.03) and diabetes mellitus (P= 0.004) had a significant association with hypertensive state. In conclusion, the prevalence of hypertension is high but the awareness is low in our community, and intervention is necessary to impose control measures and to improve awareness. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE Nome de substância: 0 (Sodium, Dietary)

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PMID: 19396423 Autor: Wijkman M; Länne T; Engvall J; Lindström T; Ostgren CJ; Nystrom FH Endereço: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. magnus.wijkman@liu.se Título: Masked nocturnal hypertension--a novel marker of risk in type 2 diabetes. Fonte: Diabetologia; 52(7):1258-64, 2009 Jul. ISSN: 1432-0428 País de publicação: Germany Idioma: eng Resumo: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of masked nocturnal hypertension (MNHT) and its impact on arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Middle-aged patients (n = 414) with type 2 diabetes underwent clinic and ambulatory BP measurements and applanation tonometry. RESULTS: MNHT (clinic BP < 130/80 mmHg and night-time BP > or = 120/70 mmHg) was found in 7.2% of patients (n = 30). Compared with patients with both clinical and nocturnal normotension (n = 70), patients with MNHT had higher aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) (10.2 +/- 1.8 m/s vs 9.4 +/- 1.7 m/s; p = 0.03) and higher central BP (117.6 +/- 13.9/74.0 +/- 9.1 mmHg vs 110.4 +/- 16.4/69.7 +/- 9.6 mmHg, p = 0.04). In patients with clinical normotension, night-time systolic BP correlated significantly with PWV. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Thirty per cent of patients with clinical normotension had nocturnal hypertension. This was accompanied by increased arterial stiffness and higher central BP. We conclude that in clinically normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes, ambulatory BP measurement may help clinicians to identify patients with increased cardiovascular risk. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T Nome de substância: 0 (Antihypertensive Agents); 0 (Biological Markers)

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PMID: 19407444 Autor: Bousser MG; Amarenco P; Chamorro A; Fisher M; Ford I; Fox K; Hennerici M; Mattle HP; Rothwell PM; PERFORM Study Investigators Endereço: Department of Neurology, Hôpital Lariboisière (AP-HP), INSERM U-740, Paris, France. mg.bousser@lrb.aphp.fr Título: The Prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular Events of ischemic origin with teRutroban in patients with a history oF ischemic strOke or tRansient ischeMic attack (PERFORM) study: baseline characteristics of the population. Fonte: Cerebrovasc Dis; 27(6):608-13, 2009. ISSN: 1421-9786 País de publicação: Switzerland Idioma: eng Resumo: BACKGROUND: The Prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular Events of ischemic origin with teRutroban in patients with a history oF ischemic strOke or tRansient ischeMic attack (PERFORM) study is an international double-blind, randomized controlled trial designed to investigate the superiority of the specific TP receptor antagonist terutroban (30 mg/day) over aspirin (100 mg/day), in reducing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in patients with a recent history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of the population. METHODS AND RESULTS: Parameters recorded at baseline included vital signs, risk factors, medical history, and concomitant treatments, as well as stroke subtype, stroke-associated disability on the modified Rankin scale, and scores on scales for cognitive function and dependency. Eight hundred and two centers in 46 countries recruited a total of 19,119 patients between February 2006 and April 2008. The population is evenly distributed and is not dominated by any one country or region. The mean +/- SD age was 67.2 +/- 7.9 years, 63% were male, and 83% Caucasian; 83% had hypertension, and about half the population smoked or had quit smoking. Ninety percent of the qualifying events were ischemic stroke, 67% of which were classified as atherothrombotic or likely atherothrombotic (pure or coexisting with another cause). Modified Rankin scale scores showed slight or no disability in 83% of the population, while the scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination, Isaacs' Set Test, Zazzo's Cancellation Test, and the instrumental activities of daily living scale showed a good level of cognitive function and autonomy. CONCLUSIONS: The PERFORM study population is homogeneous in terms of demographic and disease characteristics. With 19,119 patients, the PERFORM study is powered to test the superiority of terutroban over aspirin in the secondary prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in patients with a recent history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; MULTICENTER STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T Nome de substância: 0 (3-((6-amino-(4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl)-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronapht)-1-yl)propionic acid); 0 (Naphthalenes); 0 (Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors); 0 (Propionic Acids); 0 (Receptors, Thromboxane); 50-78-2 (Aspirin)

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PMID: 19367467 Autor: Rizzioli E; Incasa E; Gamberini S; Manfredini R Título: Management of intradialytic hypertension: old problem, old drug? Fonte: Intern Emerg Med; 4(3):271-2, 2009 Jun. ISSN: 1970-9366 País de publicação: Italy Idioma: eng Tipo de publicação: CASE REPORTS; LETTER Nome de substância: 0 (Antihypertensive Agents); 38304-91-5 (Minoxidil)

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PMID: 19405551 Autor: Sanford M; Keam SJ Endereço: Wolters Kluwer Health mid R: Adis, Auckland, New Zealand, an editorial office of Wolters Kluwer Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. demail@adis.co.nz Título: Olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine. Fonte: Drugs; 69(6):717-29, 2009. ISSN: 0012-6667 País de publicação: New Zealand Idioma: eng Resumo: black triangle Olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine is a fixed-dose combination of olmesartan medoxomil and amlodipine, both established antihypertensive agents. Dose titration with the individual constituent drugs is recommended before switching to the equivalent fixed-dose combination. black triangle In a randomized, double-blind, factorial trial in patients with mild to severe hypertension, 8 weeks of olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine was more effective in reducing diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) than placebo or equivalent dosages of olmesartan medoxomil or amlodipine as monotherapy. black triangle In two randomized, double-blind trials in patients with moderate to severe hypertension not adequately treated with amlodipine or olmesartan medoxomil monotherapy, 8 weeks of olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine 20 mg/5 mg, 40 mg/5 mg or 40 mg/10 mg per day was more effective in reducing DBP and SBP than continuing treatment with olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg/day or amlodipine 5 mg/day monotherapy. black triangle More patients receiving olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine at approved dosages than monotherapy recipients at equivalent dosages reached BP goals (42.5-51.0% vs 21.1-36.3% in the factorial trial and 44.5-54% vs 28.5-30% in the monotherapy comparisons). black triangle In the comparison with amlodipine monotherapy, >70% of olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine recipients, some requiring upwards dosage adjustment, met BP goals. black triangle Olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine was generally well tolerated in clinical trials. Peripheral oedema was significantly less common in olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine 40 mg/10 mg per day than amlodipine monotherapy 10 mg/day recipients. Tipo de publicação: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW Nome de substância: 0 (Antihypertensive Agents); 0 (Drug Combinations); 0 (Imidazoles); 0 (Tetrazoles); 144689-24-7 (olmesartan medoxomil); 88150-42-9 (Amlodipine)

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